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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
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Agriculture University, Jodhpur was established on 14th September, 2013 by Government of Rajasthan under Agriculture University, Jodhpur Act 21 of 2013 to focus on holistic development of arid and semi-arid regions of the state covering 6 districts (Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi), constituting 28% of total geographical area which is sustaining 20.8% human and 28.4% animal population of the state. The districts under jurisdiction of the university cover 3 agro-ecological zones of the state. These are Arid Western Plain Zone Ia (Jodhpur and Barmer districts), Transitional plain of Luni Basin Zone IIb (Jalore, Pali, and Sirohi districts) and part of Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage Zone IIa (Nagaur district). The university has 1 institute of diploma and 3 colleges to produce highly competent educated human resources in agriculture and allied sciences besides 2 agricultural research stations, one each in zone Ia & IIb and 3 agricultural research sub stations, one in each zone to prepare, plan and perform highly need based research in this acute water scarce but naturally rich bio-diversified zone of the country. The third most important part in tri-pillar (Teaching, Research & Extension) of agricultural development, the extension for transfer of technologies are reached to doorsteps of the farming community by 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (K-V-Ks), 2 in Nagaur district and 1 each in Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore & Sirohi districts under the umbrella of the university. The different units of teaching, research and extension are coordinating to systematically run by the headquarter situated at Mandor, Jodhpur.
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ThesisItem Open Access Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-20) KIKRALIYA, DEVI LAL; Shukla, U.N.; Mehriya, M.L.; Raiger, P.R.Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Devi Lal Kikraliya* (Scholar) Dr. U.N. Shukla** (Major advisor) ABSTRACT A field experiment entitled “Bio-efficacy of sorghum extract and herbicide on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-22. Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with eleven treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were W1-sorghum extract (1:1), W2- Sorghum extract (1:2), W3- Sorghum extract (1:3), W4-Sorghum extract (1:4), W5-Ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W6-Sorghum extract (1:1) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W7- Sorghum extract (1:2) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W8- Sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W9- Sorghum extract (1:4) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W10- Weed free and W11- Weedy check. According to treatments, different ratio of sorghum extract applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide. Results indicated that post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) significantly reduced weed density and dry weight of C. murale L., C. album L., Rumex dentatus L., Asphodelus tenuifolius L. and Cyperus rotundus L. results in obtaining higher weed control efficiency at all the growth stages of crop that improved weed index and also lesser nutrient removals (N, P, K) recorded at 60 DAS and at harvest. Owing to reduction in weed infestation which improved growth attributes viz. final plant population including tillers (442/m2 ) at harvest, plant height (51.69, 83.72 and 90.49 cm), number of tillers (464, 453 and 442/m2 ), dry matter accumulation (374.24, 781.46 and 964.44 g/m2 ) at 60, 90 and at harvest, respectively, while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (51.23 and 50.09) was significantly recorded at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively due to application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to their higher concentration of sorghum extracts applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide including weedy check (W11) during field experimentation at all growth stages except 30 DAS, where none of the treatments showed significant effects. Similarly, significantly higher number of effective tillers (414/m2 ), length of spike (17.50 cm), number of grains/spike (43.33) and 1000-grain weight (44.45 g) were recorded under post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) resulted in production of higher grain yield (4543 kg/ha.), straw yield (5103 kg/ha.) and biomass yield (9646 kg/ha.) and also showed their efficacy in recording higher protein yield (438 kg/ha) and contents of N, P and K in grains and straw as well as their uptakes by wheat. Improved in grain yield that resulted in higher monetary advantages in terms of gross return (`1,20,351/ha), net return (` 87,830/ha) and B: C ratio (3.70) by the application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to weedy check (W11). Among alone application of sorghum extracts, application of sorghum extracts (1:3) significantly reduces weeds and recorded higher growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrients uptakes and economics as well as higher microbial population as compared weedy check (W11).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth and yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2019-06-19) Mandiwal, Mukesh; Shukla, U. N.; Mehriya, M. L.; Raiger, P. R.A field experiment entitled “Effect of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth and yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur during kharif season of 2018. A field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were Control (F0), 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 (F1), 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 (F2), 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB (F3), 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB (F4), 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Aspergillus awamori (F5), 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Aspergillus awamori (F6), 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7) and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F8). According to treatments, seeds of mungbean were inoculated with PSB + Aspergillus awamori, while different doses of phosphorus were applied in the soil. Among growth attributes viz. plant height (14.73, 46.08 and 49.48 cm), dry matter accumulation plant-1 (3.02, 21.45 and 24.63 g) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, respectively, while final plant population (3.29 lakh ha-1), number of branches plant-1 (7.81) as well as yield attributing characters viz. number of pods plant-1 (48.34), seeds pod-1 (12.57) and 1000-seeds weight (44.66 g) resulted in higher seed yield (1583 kg ha-1) and stover yield (3504 kg ha-1) were recorded significantly under treatment applied with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F8) followed by 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7). However, 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7) and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Aspergillus awamori (F6) were statistically at par with each others with respect to growth attributes, yield attributes and yield of mungbean.Similarly, integrated application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F8) recorded significantly higher phosphorus content in seeds (0.477%) and stover (0.273%) results in higher uptake of phosphorus by seeds (7.56 kg ha-1) and stover (9.56 kg ha-1) of mungbean and showed significant superiority over rest of the treatments. However, 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7) and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Aspergillus awamori (F6) were statistically at par with each others with respect to phosphorus content and uptake by seeds and stover. Increase in seed and stover yield, which subsequently improved gross returns ( 1,31,440 and 1,20,787 ha-1), net returns ( 1,08,671 and 98,960 ha-1 ) and B: C ratio (5.77 and 5.53 ) and recorded highest under 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F8) followed by 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7), respectivelyThesisItem Open Access Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2019-07-26) BORANA, HITESH; Singh, Ishwar; Ram, Moola; Shukla, U.N.A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during kharif season of 2018 to study the “Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub]”. The Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments of replicated thrice. The treatments comprises of W1-Weedy Check, W2-Weed free, W3-Pendimethalin 750 g ha-1 (PE), W4- Imazethapyr 40 g ha-1 (Early post-emergence), W5-Pendimethalin + imazethapyr 750 g ha-1 (PE), W6-Imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g ha-1 (Early post-emergence), W7- Pendimethalin 750 g ha-1 (PE) + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, W8-Imazethapyr 40 g ha-1 (Early post-emergence) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS, W9-Pendimethalin + imazethapyr 750 g ha-1 (PE) + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, W10-Imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g ha-1 (Early post-emergence) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS. According to treatments, pendimethalin and its ready mix with imazethapyr was applied as pre-mergence (within 2 DAS), while imazethapyr and its ready mix with imazamox was applied as early post-emergence (20 DAS). Among treatments, application of imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g ha-1 (early post-emergence) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS significantly reduced weed density of narrow and broad-leaved weeds and weed dry matter at 40, 60, 80 DAS and at harvest however, it was found at par with imazethapyr 40 g ha-1 (early post emergence) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS. Similarly, higher weed control efficiency was also obtained under these treatments which resulted in reduction of weed index as well.The plant height, no. of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation (g plant-1) as well as yield attributing characters viz., no. of pods plant-1, no. of seeds pod-1 and 1000-seed weight of clusterbean were produced significantly higher under application of imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g ha-1 (early post-emergence) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS. Due to better growth, higher number of yield attributes and less weed index, this treatment resulted in maximum seed yield of 1180 kg ha-1 which was statistically at par with weed free season long plot (1237 kg ha-1). Application of imazethapyr 40 g ha-1 (early post-emergence) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS produced seed yield of 1120 kg ha-1 which was statistically at par with imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g ha-1 (early post-emergence) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS (1180 kg ha-1). The highest amount of total nitrogen uptake by crop (112.1 kg ha-1) was recorded with weed free treatment which remained at par with imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 35 DAS (106.5 kg ha-1). The lowest amount of nitrogen removal by weeds (22 kg ha-1) was obtained with the application of imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 35 DAS followed by imazethapyr 40 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 35 DAS. The highest net monetary return and B:C ratio of 49,693 and 3.23 were obtained with imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g ha-1 (early post-emergence) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS, respectively followed by imazethapyr 40 g ha-1 (early post emergence) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Zinc and Iron Application on Growth and Yield of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2019-06-19) Gehlot, Navratan; Ram, Moola; Choudhary, B.R.; Raiger, P.R.Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during kharif season of 2018 on sandy loam soil of low nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and iron and medium potassium content with 7.8 pH of soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. The treatments comprised of T1- RDF (common to all treatments), T2- Soil application of zinc sulphate at 25 kg/ha, T3- Foliar application of zinc sulphate at 0.5% at 35 DAS, T4 = (T2+T3), T5- Soil application of ferrous sulphate at 25 kg/ha, T6- Foliar application of ferrous sulphate at 0.5% at 35 DAS, T7 = (T5+T6), T8- Soil application of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate each at 25 kg/ha, T9 = (T8+T3), T10 = (T8+T6). The results in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seed/pod, test weight, seed and stover yield of mungbean increased significantly due to soil application of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate each at 25 kg/ha (T8) over control. The maximum increment in the growth and yield attributes were due to application of T10 followed by T9 but these were statistically at par with T8. The significantly higher seed yield (1323 kg/ha) and higher net returns ( 83,128/ha) was recorded with application of T8 which was further increased due to T9 and T10 but BC ratio remained highest (4.52) with T8. Therefore, it was concluded that soil application of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate each at 25 kg/ha can be used for higher grain yield, net return and BC ratio of mungbean in western Rajasthan conditions. These results are based on one year experiment hence requires validation through further experiments to formulate recommendation.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of Herbicides on Growth and Yield of Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2020-11-02) Kumar, Surendra; Choudhary, Rakesh; Singh, Ishwar; Mehriya, M.L.A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur during kharif, 2019 to study the “Efficacy of herbicides on growth and yield of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design wherein, thirteen treatments were undertaken and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were T1- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, T2- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 100 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, T3- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 110 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, T4- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 120 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, T5- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T6- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 100 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T7- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 110 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T8- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 120 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T9- Atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb Tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T10- Atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS, T11- Atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS, T12- Weedy check and T13- Weed free. Among weed management treatments, atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS showed the lowest weed density (3.96 m-2) and weed dry weight (1.79 g m-2) at 20 DAS. But lower weed density of total weeds (broad and narrow leaved) at 40 DAS and at harvest stage were found in atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS (2.40 m -2 & 2.50 m-2). The lowest dry matter at 40 DAS (1.76 g m-2) and harvest stage (2.56 g m-2) were found in atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS and atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS over weedy check, respectively. The higher weed control efficiency was recorded by application of pre and post emergence herbicides i.e. atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS (80.94%) at 20 DAS. At 40 DAS atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS was found superior with weed control efficiency of 96.52% but application of pre-emergence atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS showed maximum control efficiency (95.04%) at harvest stage. The lowest weed index was found with atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS (7.93%). The significant taller plant and plant dry matter at all crop growth stages (74.9 cm & 179.6 cm) and (77.7 g m -2 & 672.1 g m-2) were recorded with the application of atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS. The maximum value of yield attributes viz. effective tillers (2.67 plant-1), test weight (8.29 g), girth (31.43 mm), ear head length (28.53 cm), grain yield (2194 kg ha-1), stover yield (4527 kg ha-1), and biological yield (6721 kg ha-1)were observed with the treatment atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS. Economic evaluation of treatment weed free fetched highest gross return (` 81681 ha-1) and net return (` 56933 ha-1) followed by atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS fetched highest gross return (` 75573 ha-1) and net return (` 54620 ha-1) however, atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS depicted higher profitability level in respect of B: C ratio (3.75). Weed free was obtained maximum profitability (` 686 day-1) followed by atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS (` 658 day-1) and atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS (` 647 day-1).ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of Zinc in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Varieties(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2020-07-20) Dev, Pushkar; Singh, Ummed; Ram, Moola; Singh, L. N.A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur during kharif season of 2019 to study the “Optimization of Zinc in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Varieties”. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design where in, four varieties of mungbean (‘GM 4, GAM 5, GM 6 and IPM 02-3’) and seven levels of zinc (control, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 kg/ha) were undertaken and replicated thrice. Among mungbean varieties, ‘GM 6’ recorded substantially taller plants (48.88 cm), greater dry matter accumulation (20.15 g/plant), more number of primary (7.67/plant) and secondary branches (3.92/plant) at harvest stage of the crop. Further, the variety ‘GM 6’ also recorded significant improvement in number of nodules/plant (21.15 and 26.48) and nodule dry weight (47.59 and 73.19 mg/plant) at 25 and 50 DAS of growth stages over rest of the varieties. Likewise, crop growth rate at 25-50 DAS (17.60 g/m2 /day) and 50 DAS-at harvest (6.21 g/m2 /day) interval was also noticed significantly higher by the variety ‘GM 6’ over other varieties. Recording of SCMR and LAI at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest stage were also improved significantly by the variety ‘GM 6’ over other varieties and the values fetched were 43.08, 52.44 and 36.88 for SCMR and 0.67, 3.33 and 3.17 for LAI, respectively. Interaction effect of varieties and zinc levels on LAI in mungbean was found significant at 50 DAS growth stage, zinc application at 5 kg/ha with ‘GM 4’, GAM 5’, ‘GM 6’ and ‘IPM 02-3’ varieties were found significant interaction. Significant improvement in yield attributes of mungbean viz., pod length (10.42 cm), number of pods/plant (32.52), number of grains/pod (11.46) and 1,000- grains weight (50.63 g) were attained by the variety ‘GM 6’ over rest of the varieties undertaken in the experimentation. Similarly, significantly higher grain (1,313.72 kg/ha) and stover (3,016.63 kg/ha) yield were also recorded by the variety ‘GM 6’ over other varieties. Markedly higher zinc content at harvest stage in root (34.25 mg/kg) and leaf (38.40 mg/kg) were recorded by ‘IPM 02-3’, however, in stem (36.97 mg/kg) it was recorded by ‘GAM 5’. Further, substantially higher zinc content in grain (46.60 mg/kg) and stover (35.96 mg/kg) were recorded by the variety ‘GM 4’ over rest of the varieties. The same variety ‘GM 4’ also recorded statistically higher uptake of zinc by grains (52.07 g/ha) and stover (99.57 g/ha) over other varieties Economic evaluation of treatment (varieties) fetched highest gross return (`98,650/ha), net return (`77,176/ha) and B: C ratio (4.59) by ‘GM 6’ followed by ‘GM 4’ variety of mungbean. Among varying levels of zinc applied to mungbean, application of zinc at 5 kg/ha substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., plant height (15.00, 43.85 and 48.16 cm), dry matter accumulation (3.09, 15.58 and 19.41 g/plant), SCMR (42.70, 51.93 and 36.70), leaf area index (0.64, 3.45 and 3.28) at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest, respectively. Furthermore, crop growth rate (16.66 and 6.38 g/m2 /day), number of nodules/plant (21.81 and 26.65), nodules dry weight (48.23 and 73.82 mg/plant) at 25 and 50 DAS and number of primary and secondary branches (6.96 and 3.63/plant) at harvest stage were also recorded substantially higher over preceding levels of zinc. Moreover, significant improvement in yield attributing characters viz., pod length (9.97 cm), number of pods/plant (30.06), number of grains/pod (10.49), 1,000-grains weight (51.08 g), grain yield (1196.81 kg/ha) and stover yield (2861.93 kg/ha) were recorded with the application of zinc at 5 kg/ha over control and lower levels of zinc. Significantly higher zinc content in root (35.99, 16.91 and 26.49 mg/kg), stem (35.90, 23.18 and 27.73 mg/kg) and leaf (50.65, 56.87 and 35.50 mg/kg) at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest stage, respectively, were recorded with application of zinc at 6 kg/ha, the highest level of treatment. Additionally, significant improvement in zinc content in pod wall (21.18 mg/kg), grain (39.64 mg/kg) and stover (29.24 mg/kg) and N content in pod wall (0.82%), grain (3.92 %), stover (2.52%) and protein content (24.55%) in grain were also recorded with the highest dose of zinc applied at 6 kg/ha. Marked improvement in zinc uptake by grain (45.85 g/ha) and stover (82.72 g/ha) was recorded at 5 and 6 kg Zn/ha over preceded levels. All these improvements in terms of content, uptake and quality parameters were significantly higher over preceded levels of zinc. Interaction effect of varieties and zinc levels on N per cent in grain of mungbean was found significant. Zinc application at 6 kg/ha with ‘GAM 5’ and ‘IPM 02-3’ varieties were found significant interaction. Application of zinc at 5 kg/ha fetched gross return (`90,099/ha), net return (`68,174/ha) and B: C ratio (4.11) to the tune of 19.38, 24.31 and 0.45 per cent higher over control, respectively. Quadratic response function suggested highest response at optimum economic dose by the variety ‘IPM 02-3’ (220.99 kg/ha) followed by ‘GM 6’ (215.21 kg/ha), ‘GM 4’ (204.72 kg/ha) and ‘GAM 5’ (203.83 kg/ha).ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of Herbicides in Kharif Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2020-07-15) ., Priyanka; Mehriya, M.L.; Shukla, U.N.; Singh, L. N.A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research station, Mandor, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during kharif, 2019 to study the “Efficacy of herbicides in kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”. The Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with thirteen treatments of replicated thrice. The treatments comprises of W1- Pendimethalin 30 EC at 1.0 kg/ha (PE), W2- Pendimethalin 38.7 CS at 1.0 kg/ha (PE), W3- Pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 EC at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) (ready-mix), W4- Imazethapyr 10 SL at 75 g/ha 20 DAS (PoE),W5- Imazethapyr + imazamox (pre-mix) at 70 g/ha 20 DAS, W6- Pendimethalin 30 EC at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + imazethapyr at 75 g/ha 20 DAS, W7- Pendimethalin 30 EC at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + quizalofop-p-ethyl at 50 g/ha 20 DAS W8- Sodium aciflourfen 16.5 % + clodinafop propargyl 8 % (ready-mix) at 200 g/ha 20 DAS, W9- Pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 EC at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) (ready-mix) + quizalofop p-ethyl at 50 g/ha 20 DAS, W10- Pendimethalin 30 EC at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + manual weeding at 30 DAS, W11- Pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 EC at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) (ready-mix) + manual weeding at 30 DAS, W12- Weed free, W13- Weedy check. According to treatments, pendimethalin and its ready-mix with imazethapyr was applied as pre-emergence, while imazethapyr and its ready-mix with imazamox, quizalofop-p-ethyl and Sodium aciflourfen + clodinafop propargyl (ready-mix) were applied as post-emergence (20 DAS). Among treatments, application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + one manual weeding at 30 DAS and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + imazethapyr at 75 g/ha at 20 DAS significantly reduced weed density of broad leaved, grassy and sedge weeds and total weed dry matter at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest. Similarly, higher weed control efficiency was also obtained under these treatments which resulted in reduction of weed index as well. The plant height and crop dry matter accumulation as well as yield attributing characters viz., number of pods/plant, pod yield/plant, number of kernels/pod and seed index of groundnut were enhanced significantly under application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + one manual weeding and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + imazethapyr at 75 g/ha at 20 DAS. Due to better growth and yield attributes and less weed index, these treatments resulted in higher pod, haulm, kernel and biological yields which were found statistically at par with weed free condition. Pre emergent application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 1.0 kg/ha + one manual weeding at 30 DAS and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + imazethapyr at 75 g/ha 20 DAS caused to increase the total nitrogen uptake by crop, protein content in kernel and oil out-turn compared to other treatments, but was found at par with weed free plot. These treatments also led to the lowest amount of nitrogen removal by weeds. The highest net returns (` 1,47,438/ha) and B: C ratio (3.44) were obtained under pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + imazethapyr at 75 g/ha 20 DAS followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + one manual weeding at 30 DAS (net returns ` 1,47,285/ha and B: C ratio 3.36 ).ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of Herbicides on Growth and Yield of Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-07-08) Kumar, Virender; Mehriya, M.L.; Shukla, U.N.; Raiger, P.R.A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research station, Mandor, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during rabi, 2019-2020 to study the “Efficacy of Herbicides on Growth and Yield of Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.)”. The Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments of replicated thrice. The treatment comprises of T1- Weedy check, T2- Weed free, T3- oxadiargyl at 40 g/ha (PoE), T4- oxadiargyl at 50 g/ha (PoE), T5- oxadiargyl at 70 g/ha (PoE), T6- oxyfluorfen at 40 g/ha (PoE), T7- oxyfluorfen at 50 g/ha (PoE), T8- oxyfluorfen at 70 g/ha (PoE), T9- sulfosulfuron at 20 g/ha (PoE) and T10- sulfosulfuron at 25 g/ha (PoE). Among treatments, application of postemergence herbicides i.e. oxadiargyl at 70 g/ha and oxyfluorfen at 70 g/ha significantly reduced weed density and total weed dry matter at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest which was at par on 50 g/ha doses of these herbicides. Similarly, higher weed control efficiency was also obtained under these treatments which resulted in reduction of weed index as well. The plant height and crop dry matter accumulation as well as yield attributing characters viz., spikes/plant, length of spikes, and seeds/spikes of isabgol were enhanced significantly under PoE application of oxadiargyl and oxyfluorfen each at 50 g/ha over their lower dose (40 g/ha) and both doses of sulfosulfuron but found on par to oxyfluorfen and oxadiargyl each at 70 g/ha. Due to better growth and yield attributes and less weed index, these treatments resulted in higher seed, husk, straw and biological yields which were found statistically at par with weed free condition. PoE application of oxadiargyl and oxyfluorfen each at 50 g/ha caused to increase the total nitrogen uptake by crop compared to other treatments, but found at par with their higher dose (70 g/ha) and weed free environment. These treatments also led to the lowest amount of nitrogen removal by weeds. Oxadiargyl and oxyfluorfen each at 50 g/ha at 20 DAScomputed comparatively higher net returns 62663 and 62026 ₹/ha, and B: C ratio 3.05 and 3.10.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Jiwamrita on Growth and Yield of Organic Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-09-04) Swami, Anil; Ram, Moola; Mehriya, M. L.; Meena, R. C.A field experiment “Effect of Jiwamrita on Growth and Yield of Organic Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mandor during Kharif 2020 in loamy sand soil, low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium content with pH 8.2. Treatments in main plots were mode of application, M1: Soil application, M2: Foliar application and M3: Soil and foliar application and in sub plots were doses of Jiwamrita: S1: Control, S2: 50 ml/l, S3: 100 ml/l and S4: 150 ml/l which were replicated thrice in split plot design. Results revealed that Jiwamrita as combined soil and foliar application (M3) significantly increased the plant height, number of pods/plant and number of grains/pod of organic mungbean over soil application alone (M1) whereas number of branches/plant and grain yield were recorded significantly higher under combined soil and foliar application (M3) as compared to soil application alone (M1) and foliar application alone (M2). The maximum growth and yield attributes were recorded with the dose of Jiwamrita @ 150 ml/l of solution (S4) which was found statistically at par with the dose of Jiwamrita @ 100 ml/1 of solution (S3). However, the maximum benefit cost ratio (3.2) was recorded with the dose of Jiwamrita @ 100 ml/1 of solution (S3). From the study, it was concluded that Jiwamrita was found effective in organic mungbean under combined soil and foliar mode of application and a dose of Jiwamrita @ 100 ml/l of solution was found beneficial in terms of increasing growth attributes, yield attributes and economic return of organic munbean. These results are based on one year experiment hence requires validation through further experiments to formulate recommendation.
