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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
Agriculture University, Jodhpur was established on 14th September, 2013 by Government of Rajasthan under Agriculture University, Jodhpur Act 21 of 2013 to focus on holistic development of arid and semi-arid regions of the state covering 6 districts (Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi), constituting 28% of total geographical area which is sustaining 20.8% human and 28.4% animal population of the state. The districts under jurisdiction of the university cover 3 agro-ecological zones of the state. These are Arid Western Plain Zone Ia (Jodhpur and Barmer districts), Transitional plain of Luni Basin Zone IIb (Jalore, Pali, and Sirohi districts) and part of Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage Zone IIa (Nagaur district). The university has 1 institute of diploma and 3 colleges to produce highly competent educated human resources in agriculture and allied sciences besides 2 agricultural research stations, one each in zone Ia & IIb and 3 agricultural research sub stations, one in each zone to prepare, plan and perform highly need based research in this acute water scarce but naturally rich bio-diversified zone of the country. The third most important part in tri-pillar (Teaching, Research & Extension) of agricultural development, the extension for transfer of technologies are reached to doorsteps of the farming community by 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (K-V-Ks), 2 in Nagaur district and 1 each in Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore & Sirohi districts under the umbrella of the university. The different units of teaching, research and extension are coordinating to systematically run by the headquarter situated at Mandor, Jodhpur.
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ThesisItem Open Access Diversity of Pentatomid Bug Fauna in Western Rajasthan(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-08-01) Choudhary, Pushpa; Sundria, M.M.The studies on “Diversity of pentatomid bug fauna in western Rajasthan” was carried out at Jodhpur during Kharif, 2022. During this period, 614 specimens of Heteropteran bugs were collected from Agricultural Research Station, Mandor and College of Agriculture, Jodhpur. Examined specimens belongs to eight families, viz., Alydidae, Coreidae, Dinidoridae, Lygaeidae, Miridae, Pentatomidae, Pyrrhocoridae and Reduviidae. The family Pentatomidae was represented by 2 sub-families viz., Asopinae and Pentatominae. This study revealed the occurrence of a total of 15 species grouped into 13 genera of which 13 species grouped under 11 genera and 8 tribes were in the sub-family Pentatominae, which was dominant; while, 2 species grouped under 2 genera and 1 tribe in the sub-family Asopinae. The Heteropteran sub-order was represented by 32 species belonging to 29 genera under 8 families collected from ARS, Mandor and CoA, Jodhpur. The relative abundance of different families under Heteropteran sub-order was observed maximum for Pentatomidae family (29.48%) followed by Coreidae (28.66%) and minimum relative abundance for Dinidoridae (1.63%) from Jodhpur. The relative abundance of pentatomid fauna was observed maximum for Eysarcoris ventralis followed by Piezodorus hybneri. The minimum relative abundance was observed for Carbula biguttata, Carbula socia, Eysarcoris sp., Erthesina acuminata, and Placosternum taurus. On the basis of Shannon-Weiner (H’) (1.53) and Simpson Index (D) (3.53), maximum diversity of bugs was observed in Pearl millet ecosystem at ARS, Mandor. The pentatomid bugs showed non-significant correlation with abiotic factors. Coreid bugs showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and mean temperature whereas, significant negative correlation with morning relative humidity and mean relative humidity. Lygaeid bugs showed positive significant correlation with maximum temperature and mean temperature. Mirid bugs had positive significant correlation with morning relative humidity and mean relative humidity. Alydid bugs showed significant positive correlation with mean temperature. Heteropteran bugs recorded no significant correlation with minimum temperature and evening relative humidity.ThesisItem Open Access Seasonal Incidence and Management of Major Insect Pests of Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-08-01) Kumari, Pooja; Pandey, ShaliniThe present investigation on “Seasonal incidence and management of major insect pests of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]” was carried out during Kharif 2022 at Research Farm, Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur. The incidence of shoot fly, Atherigona approximata Malloch; leaf roller, Marasmia trapezalis Guen.; grey weevil, Myllocerus discolor F. and ear head worm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner were recorded in pearl millet during crop season. The infestation of shoot fly and leaf roller were started in 30th SMW while infestation of grey weevil and ear head worm were started in 29th and 35th SMW, respectively. The infestation of shoot fly and leaf roller reached to peak in 33rd SMW while infestation of grey weevil and ear head worm reached to peak in the 32th and 36th SMW, respectively. The shoot fly infestation showed non-significant correlation with all the weather parameters. Leaf roller and grey weevil infestation at maximum temperature showed negative significant correlation (r = -0.649 and r = -0.764, repectively). The larval population of ear head worm showed non-significant correlation with all the weather parameters. Among the thirty one hybrids/varieties were evaluated for resistance to shoot fly, the hybrids viz., GHB-744 and HHB-67 Imp. were recorded as resistant hybrid and six hybrids/varieties viz., MPMH-21, GHB-732, GHB-905, Kaveri Super Boss, AHB-1200 and Raj-171 were recorded moderately resistant at vegetative stage. Three hybrids viz., GHB-732, GHB-905 and AHB-1200 were found moderately resistant to larval population of ear head worm, H. armigera. Among the four different treatments, the minimum infestation (3.75% ) was recorded in treatment T1 (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 8.75 ml/kg + spray of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.5 ml/l at vegetative stage + emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 3 g/10 l at ear head stage) at vegetative stage however, it was statistically on par with treatment T2 (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 8.75 ml/kg + spray of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.5 ml/l at vegetative stage + chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 3 ml/10 l at ear head stage) and T3 (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 8.75 ml/kg + spray of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.5 ml/l at vegetative stage + indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/l at ear head stage) with 5.00 per cent infestation against shoot fly, A. approximata. At ear head stage the treatment T1 was found most effective against larval population of ear head worm, H. armigera (2.75 larvae/20 ear heads) after seven days of spray followed by treatment T2 and T3 (4.25 and 7.75 larvae/20 ear heads) whereas the treatment T4 was found least effective among all the treatments. The maximum grain and fodder yield was obtained in plots treated with treatment T1 (3042 and 3906 kg/ha, respectively) followed by treatments T2 and T3 (3000 and 3854 kg/ha; 2937 and 3802 kg/ha, respectively). The highest benefit cost ratio (B:C ratio) was obtained in plots treated with treatment T1 (3.77:1) followed by T3 and T2 (3.58:1 and 3.43:1, respectively).ThesisItem Open Access Diversity of insect pollinators on major Kharif crops of western Rajasthan(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-07-25) Singh, Amar; Kumawat, M.M.The investigation on “Diversity of Insect Pollinators on Kharif Crops of Western Rajasthan” was carried out in Kharif, 2022 at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur and College of Agriculture, Jodhpur. Insect visitors/pollinators on major kharif crops viz., pearl millet, mungbean and sesame were observed. Hymenopterans were found to be the most abundant among the visitors/pollinators. In pearl millet, total six insect visitors/pollinators belonging to order hymenoptera and diptera were recorded. Among them Apis dorsata was the most abundant species, contributed 40.90 per cent followed by A. florea (37.39%), Lipotriches spp. (11.01%) and Megachile albifrons (9.23%). The relative abundance of lepidoptera alone constituted 82.25 per cent of the total population of the insect visitors followed by hymenoptera (17.48%) in mungbean. Catopsilia spp. and Lampides boeticus were the predominant species in mungbean. In sesame, five insect species from hymenoptera and lepidoptera were recorded. The floral visitors of hymenopterans were the dominant which constituted 97.92 per cent. The correlation between weather parameters and relative abundance of insect foragers were observed on pearl millet, mung bean and sesame. A. dorsata, A. florea, Xylocopa pubescens, X. fenestrata, Papilio demoleus, Vespa orientalis, Sphex argentatus and Ropalidia spp. showed non-significant association with temperature, sunshine, relative humidity and rainfall in sesame and mungbean. Lipotriches spp. and blow fly showed non-significant association with temperature, sunshine, relative humidity and rainfall in pearlmillet. Physiphora spp. showed positive significant association with temperature and sunshine while non-significant correlation with rainfall and relative humidity in pearl millet. M. albifrons showed non-significant correlation with temperature, rainfall and sunshine but negative significant association with relative humidity in pearl millet. Polistes wattii, Catopsilia spp., and Hypolimnas bolina also showed non-significant relationship with rainfall and humidity while significantly positive correlated with temperature and sunshine in mungbean. Maximum foraging activity of A. dorsata, A. florea, X. fenestrata and X. pubescens was found between 10.00-13.00 hrs and minimum between 16.00-18.00 hrs in pearl millet, mungbean and sesame while wasp foraging activity was maximum found between 11.00- 15.00 hrs. The activity of Lipotriches spp. and M. albifrons was found maximum between 7.00- 8.00 hrs and 17.00- 18.00 hrs, respectively. Dipteran visitors were highly active during morning between 9.00-11.00 hrs., while lepidopteran insects had shown highest foraging activity during 10.00-13.00 hrs except Papilio demoleus which were highly active during evening between 18.00-19.00 hrs. In pearl millet and sesame, the higher foraging speed was exhibited by A. dorsata followed by A. florea. Blow fly and Papilio demoleus spent least time on pearl millet and sesame. In mungbean, the higher foraging speed was exhibited by A. dorsata followed by Catopsilia spp. The common insect pollinators of pearl millet, mungbean and sesame were morphologically characterized and identified. The pictorial field diagnosis key with taxonomic characters was prepared which is provided in the thesis.ThesisItem Open Access Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and Management of Aphid in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-25) Mishra, Shreya; Pandey, ShaliniThe study on ‘Population dynamics of insect pests and management of aphid in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)’ under semi-arid conditions was carried out in Rabi, 2021-22 at Research Farm, ARS, Mandor, Jodhpur. The infestation of aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch and leaf miner, Liriomyza congesta (Becker) commenced in 1st SMW whereas infestation of weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) commenced in 5th SMW on fenugreek crop and subsequently the population of leaf miner, weevil and aphid increased gradually and reached to its peak in the 6th, 9th and 5 th SMW, respectively, thereafter it declined gradually. The correlation coefficient between larval population of leaf miner showed non-significant correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall, maximum relative humidity, minimum relative humidity and recorded sunshine hours (r = -0.216, r = -0.349, r = -0.093, r = 0.205, r = 0.197 and r = 0.375, respectively) with the larval population of leaf miner. The grub population of the weevil had negative significant correlation with rainfall and recorded sunshine hours (r = -0.612 and r = -0.676, respectively). The minimum temperature had negative significant correlation (r = -0.553) whereas maximum relative humidity had positive significant correlation (r = 0.534) with aphid population. Out of eleven genotypes screened against the aphid, A. craccivora in fenugreek, the genotypes RMt-351 and RMt-354 were categorized as less susceptible against aphid. The highly susceptible genotypes against aphid were AFg-3, RMt-303, while AFg-1, AFg-2, AFg-4, AFg-5, RMt-1, RMt-143, RMt-305 were categorized as moderately susceptible for aphids. The plant attributes such as plant height, pod length, number of branches/plant, number of seeds/pod, number of pods/plant showed non-significant correlation with mean aphid population. Out of nine insecticides tested, flonicamid 50 WG was found most effective against population of aphid, A. craccivora in fenugreek. After two sprays, flonicamid 50 WG was found most effective with no aphid population recorded followed by cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.67 aphids/5 cm central shoot) and thiamethoxam 25 WG (1.00 aphids/5 cm central shoot). While the treatments with azadirachtin 10,000 ppm was least effective against aphid population. The maximum yield (1722 kg/ha) and net returns (Rs. 74450 per ha) of fenugreek was obtained from the plots treated with flonicamid 50 WG. The highest benefit-cost ratio was observed in plots treated with thiamethoxam 25 WG (3.79:1) followed by flonicamid 50 WG (3.57:1).ThesisItem Open Access Bionomics and Management of Predominant Species of Aphid in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-08-17) Dadhich, Sarita; Pandey, ShaliniThe study was carried out on “Bionomics and Management of Predominant Species of Aphid in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)” at Research Farm and Entomology Laboratory, ARS, Mandor, Jodhpur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during the year 2021-22. Aphis gossypii Glover was Predominant Species of Aphid and its incidence started from first week of January (1st SMW) and continued till second week of March (10th SMW) having peak during second week of February (6th SMW) in cumin crop. Likewise, highest population of coccinellids was observed during second week of February (6th SMW) and showed highly significant positive correlation with aphid population. The aphid, A. gossypii nymphs were moulted four times before attaining the adult stage. The mean body length, width, antennal length and cornicle length of first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs were 0.50 ± 0.04, 0.28 ± 0.03, 0.28 ± 0.02 and 0.036 ± 0.01 mm; 0.90 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.04, 0.40 ± 0.03 and 0.065 ± 0.01 mm; 1.11 ± 0.05, 0.49 ± 0.04, 0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.095 ± 0.01 mm and 1.31 ± 0.06, 0.65 ± 0.05, 0.64 ± 0.04 and 0.175 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The mean body length, width, antennal length and cornicle length of adult aphid were 1.68 ± 0.06, 0.71 ± 1.53, 0.88 ± 0.02 and 0.266 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The mean duration period of first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs were 1.30 ± 0.42, 2.05 ± 0.62, 2.40 ± 0.52 and 1.45 ± 0.45 days, respectively. The total nymphal duration was 7.75 ± 1.61 days. The mean longevity of adult aphid was 9.65 ± 1.75 days with an entire life span of 17.75 ± 2.91 days. The pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive periods were 1.35 ± 0.56, 7.20 ± 1.47 and 1.75 ± 0.71 days, respectively. The fecundity of the adult female was 24.45 ± 6.21 nymphs per female and the intrinsic rate of single female per day was an average of 4.80 ± 2.01 nymphs/day. Out of nine insecticides tested, flonicamid 50 WG (0.07 aphids/umbel) was followed by sulfoxaflor 22.9 EC (0.40 aphids/umbel) and cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.67 aphids/umbel) found most effective against aphid, A. gossypii in cumin. Azadirachtin 10,000 ppm (3.27 aphids/umbel) was found least effective against aphid, A. gossypii in cumin. The maximum net return (Rs. 23,230 per ha) was computed in the treatment of flonicamid 50 WG followed by sulfoxaflor 22.9 EC (Rs. 15,450 per ha). The highest benefit cost ratio (B:C ratio) was recorded in plots treated with flonicamid 50 WG (1.52:1) followed by sulfoxaflor 22.9 EC (1.34:1).ThesisItem Open Access Population Dynamics of Major Insect Pests and Their Management in Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forst.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-11-05) Ola, Rajveer Singh; Kumawat, M.M.The investigation on “population dynamics of major insect pests and their management in isabgol (Plantago ovata Forst.)” under semi-arid condition was carried out in Rabi, 2021-22 at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur. The aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover was found the major pest of isabgol in the semi arid region of the Rajasthan. The infestation of A. gossypii was appeared on 2nd SMW and its peak activity was observed in 4th week of February (8th SMW). The activity of three coccinelids viz. Brumoides suturalis Fabricius, Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius and Coccinella septempunctata Fabricius were also studied, and their peak population was of noticed from 8th to 10th SMW. C. septempunctata lead the population among coccinelids and might be played the major role in reduction of aphids. The significant positive correlation of aphids was found with bright sunshine. The correlation between the population of aphids and natural enemies was significantly positive. The significant positive correlation in population of B. suturalis, C. septempunctata and C. sexmaculata was found with bright sunshine and maximum temperature. A total of 20 genotypes of isabgol were screened against aphid, A. gossypii. The population of aphids was recorded highest at 72 DAS (12th February) which was varied from 54.51 to 40.27 aphids/plant in different genotypes, where maximum number of aphids was observed on HI 2 (54.51 aphids/plant) followed by HI 1 (54.04) and the subsequent decreasing order in aphid population was found on RI 3025 > RI 1 > RI 158 > RI 153 > RI 147 > RI 150 > RI 151 > RI 136 > GI 2 > GI 2-800-15 > RI 167 > RI 166 > RI 148 > RI 154 > RI 168 > DM 9 > RI 89- 800-4 > RI 156. The maximum reduction of aphids was recorded in treatment flonicamid 50 WG @ 75 g a.i./ha and minimum with azadirachtin 10,000 PPM. The maximum yield (1,013 kg/ha) was recorded in the treatment of flonicamid 50 WG and minimum was obtained in the untreated control (440 kg/ha) followed by azadirachtin 10,000 PPM (560 kg/ha). The highest benefit-cost ratio (2.78:1) was computed in flonicamid 50 WG and minimum B: C ratio was obtained in azadirachtin 10000 PPM (1.09:1).
