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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
Agriculture University, Jodhpur was established on 14th September, 2013 by Government of Rajasthan under Agriculture University, Jodhpur Act 21 of 2013 to focus on holistic development of arid and semi-arid regions of the state covering 6 districts (Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi), constituting 28% of total geographical area which is sustaining 20.8% human and 28.4% animal population of the state. The districts under jurisdiction of the university cover 3 agro-ecological zones of the state. These are Arid Western Plain Zone Ia (Jodhpur and Barmer districts), Transitional plain of Luni Basin Zone IIb (Jalore, Pali, and Sirohi districts) and part of Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage Zone IIa (Nagaur district). The university has 1 institute of diploma and 3 colleges to produce highly competent educated human resources in agriculture and allied sciences besides 2 agricultural research stations, one each in zone Ia & IIb and 3 agricultural research sub stations, one in each zone to prepare, plan and perform highly need based research in this acute water scarce but naturally rich bio-diversified zone of the country. The third most important part in tri-pillar (Teaching, Research & Extension) of agricultural development, the extension for transfer of technologies are reached to doorsteps of the farming community by 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (K-V-Ks), 2 in Nagaur district and 1 each in Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore & Sirohi districts under the umbrella of the university. The different units of teaching, research and extension are coordinating to systematically run by the headquarter situated at Mandor, Jodhpur.
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ThesisItem Open Access Population Dynamics of Major Insect Pests and Their Management in Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forst.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-11-05) Ola, Rajveer Singh; Kumawat, M.M.The investigation on “population dynamics of major insect pests and their management in isabgol (Plantago ovata Forst.)” under semi-arid condition was carried out in Rabi, 2021-22 at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur. The aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover was found the major pest of isabgol in the semi arid region of the Rajasthan. The infestation of A. gossypii was appeared on 2nd SMW and its peak activity was observed in 4th week of February (8th SMW). The activity of three coccinelids viz. Brumoides suturalis Fabricius, Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius and Coccinella septempunctata Fabricius were also studied, and their peak population was of noticed from 8th to 10th SMW. C. septempunctata lead the population among coccinelids and might be played the major role in reduction of aphids. The significant positive correlation of aphids was found with bright sunshine. The correlation between the population of aphids and natural enemies was significantly positive. The significant positive correlation in population of B. suturalis, C. septempunctata and C. sexmaculata was found with bright sunshine and maximum temperature. A total of 20 genotypes of isabgol were screened against aphid, A. gossypii. The population of aphids was recorded highest at 72 DAS (12th February) which was varied from 54.51 to 40.27 aphids/plant in different genotypes, where maximum number of aphids was observed on HI 2 (54.51 aphids/plant) followed by HI 1 (54.04) and the subsequent decreasing order in aphid population was found on RI 3025 > RI 1 > RI 158 > RI 153 > RI 147 > RI 150 > RI 151 > RI 136 > GI 2 > GI 2-800-15 > RI 167 > RI 166 > RI 148 > RI 154 > RI 168 > DM 9 > RI 89- 800-4 > RI 156. The maximum reduction of aphids was recorded in treatment flonicamid 50 WG @ 75 g a.i./ha and minimum with azadirachtin 10,000 PPM. The maximum yield (1,013 kg/ha) was recorded in the treatment of flonicamid 50 WG and minimum was obtained in the untreated control (440 kg/ha) followed by azadirachtin 10,000 PPM (560 kg/ha). The highest benefit-cost ratio (2.78:1) was computed in flonicamid 50 WG and minimum B: C ratio was obtained in azadirachtin 10000 PPM (1.09:1).ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of Herbicides in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-11-26) Meena, Vikash; Mehriya, M.L.The field experiment entitled “Efficacy of Herbicides in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was conducted at experimental field of the Agricultural Research Station Mandor, Jodhpur during Rabi season of 2021-22. The treatments consisting of ten treatments of herbicides viz. Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha, PE (T1), Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE (T2), Diclosulam 20 g/ha, PE (T3), Flumioxazin 100 g/ha, PE (T4), Imazethapyr 50 g/ha (20 DAS) (T5), Sodium aciflurofan + Clodinafop propargyl (Ready mix) 210 g/ha (20 DAS) (T6), Fomesafen + Fluazifop p-butyl 220 g/ha 20 DAS (Ready mix) (T7), Fluazifop p-butyl, 250 g/ha (20 DAS) (T8), weed free (T9) and weedy check (T10) were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The fenugreek var. RMT-305 was used for experimentation. Results showed that the weed observations, growth parameters, yield attributes and yield, nutrient content and uptake, quality and economics of fenugreek were significantly influenced due to application of different treatment of weed management. Application of Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE (T2) gave significantly lowest density of different weeds viz., Chenopodium murale L., Chenopodium album L., Rumex dentatus L., other minor weeds and total weeds, total dry weight of weeds, lowest weed index and maximum weed control efficiency at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest stages. Further, significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches/plant, number of seeds/pod, length of pod, test weight, number of nodules/plant, fresh and dry weight of nodules, seed, straw and biological yields (1652 kg/ha, 4041 kg/ ha and 5693 kg/ha, respectively), nitrogen content and uptake by seed and straw, protein content in seed, net returns (Rs 79162/ha) and B: C ratio (4.32) of fenugreek were also obtained with Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE (T2). Thus, the application of Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE was found economically viable method of weed control in fenugreek having highest (75.12%) weed control efficiency along with highest seed yield, higher monetary returns and B: C ratio.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of Herbicides on Growth and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Kumar, Anuj; Ram, MoolaThe field experiment entitled “Efficacy of herbicides on growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of ARS, Mandor, Jodhpur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during Rabi season of 2021-22. The treatments consisting of ten treatments of weed management viz. bentazon 48% SL 500 g/ha at 30 DAS (T1), bentazon 48% SL 750 g/ha at 30 DAS (T2), fluazifop–p butyl 11.1% SL 100 g/ha at 30 DAS (T3), fluazifop–p-butyl 11.1% SL 200 g/ha at 30 DAS (T4), sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 50 g/ha as pre-emergence (T5), sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 75 g/ha as pre-emergence (T6), pendimethalin 38.7% CS 200 g/ha pre-emergence (T7), pendimethalin 38.7% CS 400 g/ha pre-emergence (T8), weed free (T9) and weedy check (T10) were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that post-emergence application of bentazon 48% SL 750 g/ha recorded significantly lower density of total weeds, total dry weight of weeds, weed index and higher weed control efficiency, growth attributes, yield attributes, yield, net returns and BC ratio as compared to weedy check. Among pre-emergence applied herbicides, sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 75 g/ha (T6) and pendimethalin 38.7% CS 400 g/ha (T8) were statistically at par and recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes and lower total dry weight of weeds, weed index and higher weed control efficiency. Therefore, bentazon 48% SL 750 g/ha as post-emergence (30 DAS) herbicide and sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 75 g/ha or pendimethalin 38.7% CS 400 g/ha as pre-emergence can be used for weed control in chia crop.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Planting Methods, Mulches and Drip Irrigation Scheduling on Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2024-01-30) Kumar, Sunil; Mehriya, M. L.; Mehriya, M. L.A field investigation was undertaken to study the effect of planting methods, mulches and drip irrigation scheduling on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) at Instructional Farm of College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during the Rabi seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22. The field experiment was comprised of four levels of drip irrigation (1.0, 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 PEF) in main plots, two planting methods (Direct sowing and Transplanting) in sub plots and three mulches (No mulch, Straw mulch and Plastic mulch) in sub-sub plots. The trial was laid out in split plot design with three replications and 24 treatment combinations. The results revealed that progressive increase in levels of drip irrigation from 0.4 to 1.0 PEF significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes and yield, N, P and K absorption by the crop. Plant height, dry matter accumulation, total chlorophyll content and relative water content at 70, 105 DAS and at harvest, number of branches/plant at 70 DAS and at harvest were significantly higher with drip irrigation at 1.0 PEF on pooled basis. However, significantly higher root growth parameters viz. root length, root volume and root dry matter were recorded with drip irrigation at 0.6 PEF in both the seasons as well as on pooled basis. Drip irrigation applied at 1.0 PEF produced seed yield of 2482 kg/ha, which was significantly higher by 13.23, 32.09 and 79.85 percent over 0.8 (2192 kg/ha), 0.6 (1879 kg/ha) and 0.4 PEF (1380 kg/ha), respectively. The volatile oil yield (34.84 kg/ha) and protein yield (252.23 kg/ha) were significantly higher at this level of drip irrigation compared to its lower levels. The gross monetary returns (2,62,013 ₹/ha), net monetary returns (1,96,058 ₹/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.99) were also highest under this treatment. The maximum consumptive use of water (590.1 mm) was computed with highest drip irrigation volume (1.0 PEF), whereas water use efficiency (5.24 kg/m3 ) and water productivity (557.32 ₹/m3 ) was maximum with lowest level of drip irrigation (0.4 PEF). Further, transplanting method consistently outperformed direct sowing resulting to enhanced growth parameters viz. plant height, dry matter accumulation, total chlorophyll content, root volume and root dry matter at 35, 70, 105 DAS and number of branches/plant at 70 DAS and at harvest and yield attributes viz. number of umbels/plant (16.0), number of umbellets/umbel (14.1), number of seeds/umbellet (18.3), number of seeds/plant (4177), test weight (7.20 g), seed yield/plant (26.15 g/plant) and seed yield (2141 kg/ha), stalk yield (4954 kg/ha) and biological yield (7095 kg/ha) on pooled basis. Additionally, N, P and K absorption as well as their uptakes by crops, volatile oil content (1.60 percent) and its yield (33.62 kg/ha), protein content (9.34 percent) and respective yield (204.58 kg/ha) were also significantly higher with transplanting method compared to direct sowing. In terms of economic returns, transplanting gave maximum gross monetary returns (2,25,778 ₹/ha), net monetary returns (1,58,294 ₹/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.35). Moreover, consumptive use of water was not significantly varied due to planting methods. However, maximum water use efficiency (5.00 kg/m3 ) and water productivity (529.89 ₹/ha) were highest under transplanting method. Among mulches, straw and plastic mulches recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes over no mulch in both the seasons. However, the use of straw mulch recorded significantly improved growth attributes, yield attributes and yield, NPK content and their uptake by fennel, volatile oil yield and protein yield compared to plastic mulch and no mulch in both the seasons of experimentation. The significantly higher seed yield (2233 kg/ha), stalk yield (5216 kg/ha), biological yield (7449 kg/ha), volatile oil content (1.59 percent) and yield (34.98 kg/ha), protein content (9.35 percent) and protein yield (213.01 kg/ha) were recorded with the application of straw mulch. The maximum consumptive use of water was computed under no mulch (451.5 mm). Whereas, maximum water use efficiency (5.16 kg/m3 ) and water productivity (542.70 ₹/m3 ) were calculated with the use of straw mulch. Further, the highest gross monetary returns (2,35,790 ₹/ha), net monetary returns (2,07,060 ₹/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.65) were recorded with straw mulch. The interaction effect between levels of drip irrigation and planting methods, levels of drip irrigation and mulches, planting methods and mulches were found significant in both the seasons as well as on pooled basis. Drip irrigation at 1.0 PEF superimposed with transplanting recorded significantly higher plant height and dry matter accumulation at 105 DAS and harvest, yield attributes viz. number of umbels/plant (19.7), number of umbellets/umbel (17.0), number of seeds/umbellet (20.8), number of seeds/plant (5429), seed yield/plant (31.20 g/plant) and seed yield (2685 kg/ha), stalk yield (5776 kg/ha), biological yield (8461 kg/ha), volatile oil yield (38.29 kg/ha), protein yield (278.31 kg/ha) over rest of the combination. NPK uptakes by seed (44.59, 14.24 and 8.92 kg/ha) and stalk (47.02, 12.12 and 86.45 kg/ha) of fennel, respectively were also significantly enhanced with this combination. Among the interaction between the combination of levels of drip irrigation and mulches, drip irrigation at 1.0 PEF and straw mulch recorded significantly higher yield attributes viz. number of umbels/plant (19.0), number of umbellets/umbel (16.8), number of seeds/umbellet (19.7), number of seeds/plant (5133), seed yield/plant (33.22 g/plant) and seed yield (2796 kg/ha), stalk yield (6123 kg/ha) and biological yield (8919 kg/ha). This combination also enhanced volatile oil yield (40.18 kg/ha) and protein yield (290.41 kg/ha) as well as NPK uptake by seed (46.47, 15.06 and 9.29 kg/ha) and stalk (50.42, 13.09 and 91.79 kg/ha) of fennel, respectively. Likewise, when transplanting combined with straw mulch, it also significantly improved seed yield (2348 kg/ha), stalk yield (5338 kg/ha), biological yield (7687kg/ha). Moreover, volatile oil yield (37.34 kg/ha), protein yield (228.11 kg/ha) and uptake of NPK by crop were also significantly higher with this combination over rest of the treatment combinations.ThesisItem Open Access Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and Management of Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in Mustard(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-25) PRATIHAR, AKSHAY KUMAR SINGH; Sundria, M. M.; Pandey, Shalini; Bhardwaj, RahulThe investigation on “Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and Management of Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in Mustard” under semi-arid condition was carried out in Rabi, 2021-22 at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur. The aphid infestation was initiated from 51st SMW and the peak activity (126.20 aphid/10 cm terminal shoot) on 4th SMW. After that progressive decline was observed. The painted bug infestation was observed two times, where it was initiated early on 45th SMW and no infestation during from 2nd SMW to 7th SMW. Its infestation was occurred again at 8th SMW and reached to peak level (5.13 bugs/plant) at 10th SMW. The flea beetle infestation was initiated from 1st SMW and continued till 8th SMW. Peak activity on 4th SMW (0.93 beetles/plant) and then gradually declined. The leaf webber infestation was initiated from 48th SMW and reached to peak activity (2.87 larvae/plant) on 6th SMW. Natural enemy i.e., Coccinella septempunctata appeared in 1st SMW and peak activity was noticed on 8th SMW. Mustard aphid, flea beetle and leaf webber were significantly negative correlated with minimum temp. While, ladybird beetle was significantly positive with minimum temp. and sunshine, also. Painted bug and ladybird beetle both were significantly positive with maximum temp. and average temperature whereas, aphid had significantly negative with average temperature. Morning RH correlated significant positive with aphid. While, significant negative relation of ladybird beetle with morning and avg. RH. Painted bug was significant negative correlation with evening RH and avg. temperature. There was no significant relation with rainfall. Ten genotypes/varieties of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) were screened against mustard aphid, the results revealed that TM 108-1, Kranti and Bio 902 were found as resistant, TM 267-3, TM 316, TM 304-1, RH 749, PM 31 and GDM 4 were identified as the moderately resistant while LS-FF-57 was found as tolerant.Ten genotypes/varieties of Yellow sarson (Brassica rapa) were screened against mustard aphid, the results revealed that MYS-152, YSH-401 and NRCYS 05- 02 were found as resistant, RMYS-1, RMYS-2, RMYS-3, MYS-180, MYS-183, Jhumka and Pitambari were identified as moderately resistant. Ten genotypes/varieties of five different Brassica species were screened against mustard aphid, the results revealed that none of the genotypes/varieties were found as resistant. Tapeshwari, Bhawani, Pusa Swarna, Pusa Aaditya, MBT-27, MBT-4 and GP 115-1 were identified as the moderately resistant whereas, varieties MN-1, Karantara and RTM-1351 were found as tolerant. The treatment of imidacloprid 17.8 SL was found most effective followed by thiamethoxam 25 WG and dimethoate 30 EC while, treatments of diafenthiuron 50 WP and chlorpyriphos 20 EC as least effective. The maximum yield of 3861 kg/ha was recorded in the plot treated with imidacloprid 17.8 SL followed by thiamethoxam 25 WG (3444 kg/ha) and dimethoate 30 EC (3194 kg/ha). Maximum net profit of Rs. 2,00,290 ha-1 was obtained from imidacloprid 17.8 SL. The highest B: C ratio of computed in imidacloprid 17.8 SL (6.38:1) followed by 5.60:1 in thiamethoxam 25 WG and 4.99:1 in dimethoate 30 EC while, minimum (2.71:1) was obtained in chlorpyriphos 20 EC.ThesisItem Open Access Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-20) KIKRALIYA, DEVI LAL; Shukla, U.N.; Mehriya, M.L.; Raiger, P.R.Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Devi Lal Kikraliya* (Scholar) Dr. U.N. Shukla** (Major advisor) ABSTRACT A field experiment entitled “Bio-efficacy of sorghum extract and herbicide on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-22. Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with eleven treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were W1-sorghum extract (1:1), W2- Sorghum extract (1:2), W3- Sorghum extract (1:3), W4-Sorghum extract (1:4), W5-Ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W6-Sorghum extract (1:1) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W7- Sorghum extract (1:2) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W8- Sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W9- Sorghum extract (1:4) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W10- Weed free and W11- Weedy check. According to treatments, different ratio of sorghum extract applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide. Results indicated that post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) significantly reduced weed density and dry weight of C. murale L., C. album L., Rumex dentatus L., Asphodelus tenuifolius L. and Cyperus rotundus L. results in obtaining higher weed control efficiency at all the growth stages of crop that improved weed index and also lesser nutrient removals (N, P, K) recorded at 60 DAS and at harvest. Owing to reduction in weed infestation which improved growth attributes viz. final plant population including tillers (442/m2 ) at harvest, plant height (51.69, 83.72 and 90.49 cm), number of tillers (464, 453 and 442/m2 ), dry matter accumulation (374.24, 781.46 and 964.44 g/m2 ) at 60, 90 and at harvest, respectively, while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (51.23 and 50.09) was significantly recorded at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively due to application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to their higher concentration of sorghum extracts applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide including weedy check (W11) during field experimentation at all growth stages except 30 DAS, where none of the treatments showed significant effects. Similarly, significantly higher number of effective tillers (414/m2 ), length of spike (17.50 cm), number of grains/spike (43.33) and 1000-grain weight (44.45 g) were recorded under post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) resulted in production of higher grain yield (4543 kg/ha.), straw yield (5103 kg/ha.) and biomass yield (9646 kg/ha.) and also showed their efficacy in recording higher protein yield (438 kg/ha) and contents of N, P and K in grains and straw as well as their uptakes by wheat. Improved in grain yield that resulted in higher monetary advantages in terms of gross return (`1,20,351/ha), net return (` 87,830/ha) and B: C ratio (3.70) by the application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to weedy check (W11). Among alone application of sorghum extracts, application of sorghum extracts (1:3) significantly reduces weeds and recorded higher growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrients uptakes and economics as well as higher microbial population as compared weedy check (W11).ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Different Species and Substrates for Cultivation of Oyster (Pleurotus spp.) Mushroom(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-11) Khan, Ajjad; Ram, Dama; Verma, Jeeva Ram; Singh, L. NetajitMushroom is a large macroscopic fruiting body of fleshy, spore-bearing, multi-cellular edible fungi belong to division Basidiomycota. It is widely used in both food and medicine, it is a rich source of protein, vitamins and minerals. The effect of different media on the growth of Pleurotus spp. In vitro, different media (PDA, MEA, REA, and OMA) were evaluated to find out optimum medium for growth of Pleurotus species. The study on the effect of four media on the growth of oyster mushrooms indicated that the mycelial growth of P. eryngii was significantly more on oat meal agar (86.00 mm). However, minimum mycelial growth (40.00 mm) was observed on rice extract agar media. In case of P. sajor-caju the maximum mycelial growth was observed on oat meal agar (90.00 mm) and malt extract agar (90.00 mm) media, which was at par with each other, while minimum mycelial growth (65.00 mm) was observed on rice extract agar medium, and in case of P. sapidus the maximum mycelial growth was recorded on oat meal agar media (90.00 mm) and potato dextrose agar media (90.00) was at par with each other after 8 days of inoculation, while minimum mycelial growth (35.00 mm) was observed on rice extract agar media. The effect of the different substrates viz., wheat straw, sorghum straw, mustard straw, pearl millet straw and wheat + sorghum straw were evaluated for cultivation of oyster mushroom in the present study. In all three species namely P. eryngi, P. sajor-caju and P. sapidus, wheat straw showed the fastest spawn run, pin head formation, fruiting bodies formation, and minimum days required for first, second and third harvesting of mushroom followed by mustard straw, while maximum days for mycelium formation was observed on pearl millet straw. The total yield and biological efficiency, in case of P. eryngii the maximum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on wheat straw (698.33g and 69.83 per cent), while minimum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on pearl millet straw (576.69g and 57.69 per cent). In case of P. sajor-caju the maximum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on wheat straw (787.12.g and 78.71 per cent), while minimum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on pearl millet straw (590.45g and 59.04 per cent). In case of P. sapidus the maximum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on wheat straw (546.99g and 54.69 per cent), while minimum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on sorghum straw (398.45g and 39.84 per cent). The benefit: cost ratio, the maximum benefit: cost ratiofor P. sajor-caju was observed on mustard straw (5.96:1) followed by pearl millet straw (4.47:1) and wheat straw (3.56:1) while minimum benefit: cost ratio was observed on wheat + sorghum straw (3.25:1). In P. eryngii, maximum benefit: cost ratio was reported on mustard straw (5.86:1) followed by pearl millet straw (4.38:1) and wheat straw (3.55:1) while minimum benefit: cost ratio was observed on wheat + sorghum straw (3.25:1). In P. sapidus, maximum benefit: cost ratio was found on mustard straw (5.80:1) followed by pearl millet straw (4.29:1) and wheat straw (3.35:1) while minimum benefit: cost ratio was observed on wheat + sorghum straw (3.10:1).ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and Attitude of Farmers towards Crop Based Module under Farmer FIRST Programme in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-08-06) Serawat, Rajesh Kumar; Kumar, Mahendra; Bhimawat, B. S.; Bairwa, K. C.Research study entitled “Knowledge and Attitude of Farmers towards Crop Based Module under Farmer FIRST Programme in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan” was undertaken to study the profile characteristics, knowledge, attitude level and relationship between independent variables and attitude of respondents towards crop based module under FFP. Aims to elucidate the constraints faced by the farmers and finally to formulate the strategies for effective implementation of FFP. The study was conducted in three villages of two tehsil of Jodhpur district with 107 respondents. The farmers were interviewed personally by a well-structured interview schedule. The data was coded, tabulated and analyzed by using suitable statistical tools. The profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the farmers were from middle age group, belongs to other backward class, joint family and had agriculture as main occupation. Most of them were educated up to middle level of education, categorized under medium category of land holding, were from medium annual income category and associated with one organization of social participation. The study also revealed that majority of respondents had medium level of knowledge about crop-based module under FFP. Practice wise maximum knowledge was about “High yielding varieties” and “Spacing” while minimum knowledge was reported in “Plant protection measures” and “Storage”. The results shows that majority of the farmers were found to have favourable attitude towards crop-based module. Farmer had most favourable attitude towards the statements like “I prefer HYVs to local variety as it gives high production than local variety” and “Recommended cultivation practices require regular contact with extension Workers” and less favourable attitude towards statements such as “Soil testing is not necessary for application of recommended quantity of chemical fertilizers” and “Technology advocated is not according to farmers‟ resources and their needs”. The occupation, education, size of land holding, income and social participation were found to be positive and significant and age was found to have negative significant association with the attitude level of farmers about crop-based module. While, the variables like, caste and family type were found to be positively non-significantly associated with the attitude level of farmers about crop-based module. Among the five constraints, the constraint related to “Storage constraints” was the major constraint perceived by the farmers followed by financial, marketing and general constraints. Least perceived constraints were “technical constraints”. The constraints “Unavailability of latest technology at village level” and “Lack of technical guidance” were perceived as the most and least severe technical constraints, respectively. The constraints “High labour charges” and “High cost of high yielding varieties (seed)” were perceived as most and least severe financiaconstraints, respectively. The constraints “Distress sale due to immediate need of money” and “Biasness by mandi supervisor” were perceived most and least severe marketing constraints, respectively. The constraints “Unavailability of proper storage place” and “Unavailability of gunny bags” were perceived as most and least severe storage constraints, respectively. The constraints “Natural calamities” and “Fragmented and undulated land” were perceived as most and least severe general constraints, respectivelThesisItem Open Access Studies on Anthracnose [Colletotrichum capsici (Sydow) Butler and Bisby] of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and its Management(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2020-10-08) Vijay Pal; Verma, J.R.; Ram, Dama; Singh, L.N.Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), belonging to the family Solanaceae is an important spice and vegetable crop because of its massive consumption worldwide. Chilli is native of Tropical America (Brazil) and has been cultivated throughout the world including the tropics, subtropics and temperate regions. Chilli production is continuously attacked by several diseases which drastically reduces the quality and yield of fruit resulting in low returns to farmers. Among all, Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici (Sydow) Butler and Bisby is one of the most important diseases, causing considerable damage, inflicting severe quantitative and qualitative losses. The disease starting from the field may be continuing even after the fruits have been harvested and kept for drying and storage. The disease is prevalent in almost all major chilli growing areas and it is reported to cause 25–48 % loss in different parts of India. The detailed studies on various aspects were carried out in the present study. A survey conducted for anthracnose disease incidence in different tehsils of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan showed that Tiwari recorded highest anthracnose disease incidence (22.02 %) followed by Bhopalgarh (19.33 %), Bawari (17.26 %), Osian (15.04 %) and least anthracnose incidence was recorded in Bilara (12.94 %). The freshly infected chilli plants showing typical anthracnose symptoms were collected from the farmer’s field and were subjected to isolation by following standard tissue isolation method and revealed the association of Colletotrichum sp. after studying the cultural and morphological characters of the fungus and the pathogenicity was proved by following Koch’s Postulates. The pure culture obtained was sent for identification to Indian Type Culture Collection (I.T.C.C.), I.A.R.I., New Delhi – 110 012 and was identified as Colletotrichum capsici (I.D. No. 11,342.20). Ten chilli cultivars were screened and none of the cultivars showed immune, resistant and highly resistant reaction under field condition. Among the fungicides screened in vitro, complete mycelial growth inhibition of C. capsici was observed in Tebuconazole 50 % + Trifloxystrobin 25 %. The lowest anthracnose severity was observed in spray with Trifloxystrobin 25 % + Tebuconazole 50 % at 1.5 ml/lit (11.55 %) under field conditions.
