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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Surgery × Author: Senthil Kumar, S × End date: 2001 × Start date: 2000 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Processed oesophageal allografts for hernioplasty in pigs
    (Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2000) Senthil Kumar, S; KAU; Muraleedharan, K N
    The present study was conducted with the objectives of: 1. Evaluating the suitability of processed collagen based oesophageal allografts as a biological tissue substitute for hernioplasty in pigs and ii. Comparing the healing in herniorrhaphy and hernioplasty, in pigs. Twelve clinical cases of umbilical hernia in pigs of either sex, aged two to three months were used in the study. The animals were divided into two groups (Group I and Group Il) of six animals each based on the size of hernial ring. Group I animals were subjected to herniorrhaphy and Group Il animals were subjected to hernioplasty. Fresh pieces of oesophagus collected from slaughtered pigs were processed and cross-linked with gl u taraldehyde to prepare the graft. Triflupromazine hydrochloride was administered at the rate of 1.5 mgjkg body weight IjM to all the animals and local infiltration anaesthesia using lignocaine ii hydrochloride at the site was employed for the surgical procedures. In five animals of Group I where the hernial contents were reducible, simple reduction and overlapping mattress sutures with silk were employed for closing the hernial ring. In one animal where it was irreducible, enterotomy was performed to remove the intestinal contents before reduction and herniorrhaphy. In all the six animals of Group II, the hernial ring was large, and the contents were reducible. After reduction, the edges of hernial ring were sutured using silk by simple interrupted sutures, to reduce the size of hernial ring. Processed oesophageal allografts were placed as an only graft over the suture line and fixed using silk sutures. All the animals became active and alert within 24 hours postoperatively except the one, which underwent enterotomy and herniorrhaphy. The surgical site was dressed daily and skin sutures were removed on the seventh postoperative day. In one animal of Group I wound infection resulted in skin wound disruption, which was surgically treated as open wound. Recurrence of hernia was noticed in one animal of Group I, 24 days after herniorrhaphy. Marginal increase in rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate were observed during early Hi postoperative period in all the animals and it became normal within seven days after surgery. Marginal decrease in haemoglobin concentration was noticed during postoperative period in all the animals but it reached near normal level by 21 st postoperative day. Marginal increase in packed cell volume and total leucocyte count was observed up to third postoperative day. Neutrophilia and lymphopenia was noticed during early postsurgical period but reached near normal level by 14th postoperative day. Marginal decrease in total serum protein was noticed during postoperative period but was normal by 21 st postoperative day. Serum sodium and potassium level did not show any significant variation and the changes were within the normal range. Tissue samples were collected from surgical site from three animals each of Group I and Group II on 180 and 195 days respectively for biomechanical studies, gross and histomorphological changes. The tensile strength was greater . in Group II animals than Group I and normal animals. There was no adhesion of viscera at the surgical site. Remnants of silk suture could be identified in all the animals. The histomorphological study indicated complete healing and replacement of the graft material without any untoward effect.