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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: KAU × End date: 1989 × Start date: 1987 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence and pathology of necrosis of extremities in cattle
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Xavier, C J; KAU; Maryamma, K I
    A study on the prevalence and pathology of necrosis of extremities in cattle was conducted. It was found that the disease was more prevalent in buffaloes than in white cattle. The chief clinical manifestation was necrosis of tail. A close association between mouldy paddy straw and the disease syndrome was observed. Animals observed during the study were found to be free from systemic disturbances.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence and pathology of hypothyroidism in cattle
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Ratnakumar, J N; KAU; Rajan, A
    A random survey study conducted employing serum T4 as a marker, in Cannanore, Trichur, Ernakulam and Idukki districts of Kerala indicated that hypothyroidism was one of the major aetiological factors responsible for non – infectious reproductive disorders in cattle. The mean value of T4 observed in clinically healthy cattle was 4.8727 + 0.1209 µg/dl. In conditions like infantile genitalia, the mean T4 value was 3.5617 + 0.1089 µg/dl and in anoestrum cases, the mean T4 level was 3.6913 + 0.1136 µg/dl. These observations emphasized the need to estimate the serum thyroxine level of cattle, in non – infectious reproductive disorders to exclude hypothyroidism as a causative factor. The goitrogenic effect of cassava was assessed employing broiler rabbit as the experimental model. The experimental design included three groups of twelve rabbits each. One group (T2) was fed cassava flour at the rate of 25% in the diet for six months. Another group (T3) was administered propyl thiouracil at the rate of 1 mg/day/animal for a period of six months. A group (T1) of twelve rabbits was kept as control. Body weight of rabbits at fortnightly interval was recorded. Four rabbits in each group were sacrificed at the second, fourth and sixth month. At the time of slaughter, fur weight, serum T3, T4 levels, serum cholesterol, blood sugar, haemoglobin, ESR, total leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count, erythrocyte count, were estimated. Also relative weight of the thyroid, adrenal, testes and ovaries were recorded. Detailed autopsy was performed after the slaughter of the rabbits. Appropriate samples of tissues from liver, kidney, spleen, testis, ovary, heart, thyroid and adrenal were collected for histopathological examination. Rabbits fed cassava showed changes only after a period of four months. They registered an increase in the body weight and reduction in fur weight, by the end of six months. Normocytic hypochromic anaemia, hyperchloesteraemia, low T3, T4, increase in the relative weight of the thyroid gland were also observed by the end of six months. Histologically the thyroid gland showed hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the follicular epithelial cells and depletion of colloid at the end of six months. Rabbits fed cassava did not show any changes in the testis and ovary. However, the changes in the rabbits fed cassava were minimal when compared to the propyl thiouracil fed rabbits. In the propyl thiouracil fed rabbits, there was progressive reduction in body weight and fur weight from the second month onwards. Bilateral alopecia on the ventral side of the belly, base of the ear and around the eyes were observed in them. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia, hypercholesteraemia, low T4, T3 levels, and low blood sugar were very much significant in propyl thiouracil fed rabbits. The thyroid glands were very much enlarged and conspicuous. Histologically, the thyroid follicular epithelial cells exhibited predominant hyperplastic changes and varying degrees of degeneration along with significant depletion of colloid. Microscopic picture of the testes in propyl thiouracil fed rabbits showed degenerative changes, with no evidence of spermeogenesis. Also the ovaries showed degenerative changes in the propyl thiouracil fed rabbits. From the study it was concluded that cassava flour, although, a mild goitrogen can be advantageously fed to broiler rabbits at the level of 25% in the ration without causing undesirable effects.