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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20221
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Subject: Plant Biotechnology × Author: KAU × Author: Karthika Nair, A S × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic diversity analysis of gladiolus genotypes (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) using molecular markers
    (Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2022) Karthika Nair, A S; KAU; Beena, Thomas
    Characterization of plant genotypes based on crop genetic diversity is important for effective usage and conservation. This is generally achieved by either morphological tools or molecular tools or by using both. This study entitled “Genetic diversity analysis of gladiolus genotypes (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) using molecular markers” was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during 2020-2021 with an objective to analyse genetic diversity in the gladiolus genotypes using ISSR as well as morphological markers. Gladiolus (Gladiolus sp.) is a genus of perennial herbaceous cormous flowering plants in the family Iridaceae which is of high economic importance. Fifteen varieties of gladiolus including twelve varieties from IIHR, Bangalore and three varieties from NBRI, Lucknow were selected for this study. The study was divided into two parts- morphological characterization and molecular characterization. Morphological characterization was done by analysing both vegetative and floral characters. Different tools such as analysis of variance, co-variance, correlations, PCA and dendrogram were used for statistically analysing the recorded data. The dendrogram divided the genotypes into two principal clusters at a distance of 0.10. The major variables that contributed to the clustering of gladiolus genotypes were plant height, number of leaves per shoot, length of leaf, width of leaf, internode length, number of florets open at one time and number of florets per spike as revealed by PCA analysis. For molecular characterization using ISSR markers the genomic DNA was isolated using CTAB method of DNA isolation with little modifications. Ten ISSR primers were used for screening fifteen gladiolus genotypes. After the final PCR with selected primers, the amplicons were resolved in 2% agarose gel and polymorphic bands were obtained. Primers showed 94.56% polymorphism and the number of bands obtained ranged from 3(UBC 857) to 14 (UBC 890) with a mean value of 8.7 polymorphic bands per primer. A total of 87 polymorphic bands were obtained. The data analysed using NTSYS PC 2.02 program created a dendrogram, which grouped 113 the genotypes based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient in which the fifteen genotypes were separated into two principal clusters. The first principal cluster consisted of most of the genotypes (12 genotypes). The second principal cluster comprised of ‘Arka Naveen’, ‘Archana’ and ‘Arka Gold’ with ‘Archana’ as an outlier. In molecular characterization, least similarity of 34% was observed between G3 (Arka Sapna) and G9 (Archana) whereas, maximum genetic similarity of 82% was observed between G6 (Arka Amar) and G10 (Arka Kumkum). The highest morphological similarity was also observed between G6 (Arka Amar) and G10 (Arka Kumkum) at a distance of 0.83 in UPGMA dendrogram based on Jaccard’s coefficient. Though some similarity in results existed between the morphological and molecular tools used for identifying the genetic relationships among selected gladiolus varieties in this study, it also revealed that the varieties were grouped as separate clusters based on morphological dendrogram. This may be due to the dependence of morphological expression on the physiological state of the individual plant along with environmental influence. Self-incompatibility, along with the outcrossing nature together might have contributed to the high variation observed among the gladiolus genotypes. Being a commercial cut flower crop, based on different floral parameters considered ‘Arka Sapna’, ‘Arka Nazrana’, Arka Darshan’, ‘Arka Amar’ and ‘Arka Poonam’ are recommended as the gladiolus genotypes that showed best performance in Kerala conditions. Tags from this library: No tags from this library for this title.