Thumbnail Image

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

Permanent URI for this community

http://localhost:4000/handle/1/79579
The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

News

https://angrau.ac.in/ANGRU/Library_Resources.aspx

Browse

 Reset filters

Settings

Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding ×

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 236
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF LANDRACES IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2023-12-07) YECHURI PRAVALLIKA; B. N. V. S. R. RAVI KUMAR
    The present investigation “Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Landraces in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out during Kharif, 2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, Andhra Pradesh consisting of 100 landraces along with one resistant, one susceptible and two high yielding checks of rice to know the extent of variability and diversity among the landraces. Heritability and genetic advance for yield and its attributing traits were assessed along with the association among yield, yield components with their direct and indirect effects on grain yield/plant. Further the genotypes were screened for BPH resistance under field and laboratory conditions and characterised using markers linked to BPH resistant genes. The analysis of variance using augmented design revealed significant differences among 100 landraces for all the characters under study indicating the presence of sufficient genetic variation in the experimental material for exploitation. Moderate PCV, GCV and high heritability coupled with high GAM were observed for plant height, panicle length, test weight and grain yield/plant indicating the presence of additive and non-additive gene actions. The characters governed by additive gene action can be fixable in the early generation itself. Whereas, for those traits which are governed by non-additive gene action, the selection may be postponed to later generations. Results on correlation and path analysis between yield and its attributing traits revealed significant and positive association of grain yield/plant with number of ear bearing tillers/m2, panicle length and test weight in addition with positive direct effect on grain yield indicating simultaneous improvement of grain yield with the improvement of these traits. xvi Principal component analysis revealed that, first three of eight principal components recorded eigen value greater than one having cumulative frequency of 73.05%. The landraces LRP 276, LRP 458, Sri Dhruthi, LRP 118, LRP 257, LRP 373, LRP 300, LRP 248, LRP 350, LRP 453, LRP 116 and Chandra were found to be highly divergent, and can be exploited in the hybridization programmes. The results of phenotypic screening for BPH resistance revealed that, six landraces viz., LRP 58, LRP 60, LRP 84, LRP 177, LRP 220 and LRP 226 showed resistance in both the screening methods indicating their utilization in the breeding programmes of rice. The molecular diversity studies revealed that 33 of 50 markers were polymorphic, distributed across 12 chromosomes. Among 33 polymorphic markers, the marker RM260 exhibited the highest PIC value (0.82), maximum number of effective alleles, high Shannon’s information index and high genetic diversity index. The marker, RM8213, produced maximum of five alleles whereas, the marker, RM5953, showed high major allele frequency value of 0.99. The results of cluster analysis by using UPGMA method revealed that all the 100 landraces along with four checks were grouped into three major clusters. Cluster I was divided into 2 sub clusters consisting of 37 and 31 genotypes. Cluster II was divided into 2 sub clusters consisting of 15 and 9 genotypes. Cluster Ⅲ was divided into 2 sub clusters consisting of 10 and 2 genotypes respectively. The landraces LRP 84, 177 and 220, exhibited phenotypic resistance in both field and green house screening and are associated with 2 resistant genes (Bph4 and Bph12) which confer BPH resistance. The landraces viz., LRP 58, LRP 177, LRP 220 and LRP 226 are high yielding genotypes on par with yield check, Sri Dhruthi and exhibited BPH resistance in both the methods. These landraces can be used as donors in the hybridization program to develop new rice cultivars with high yielding ability coupled with BPH tolerance.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF YIELD, YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (ACHARYA NG RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2023-07-12) SREEVANI, NALLAGONDLA; PRASANNA RAJESH, A.
    The present investigation was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Kadiri, during Rabi, 2021-22 to assess the genetic variability, genetic divergence, character association and path analysis among 43 groundnut genotypes under irrigated conditions. Analysis of variance carried out among 24 yield and yield contributing traits and physiological traits revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied indicating the presence of ample amount of variability among the genotypes. Based on per se performance of genotypes, wide range of variation was observed for important yield components. K 2238 recorded significantly superior SPAD chlorophyll meter reading both at 30 and 60 DAS than the superior check Kadiri 9. Four genotypes K 1774, K 2314, K1687 and K1454 consistently recorded desirable specific leaf area i.e. significantly lower than the check Kadiri 9 at 30 and 60 DAS. The genotypes K 1628, K 1774, K 2314, K 1687, and K 2341 exhibited significantly superior performance for both pod yield plant-1 and kernel yield plant-1 than the better checks Kadiri lepakshi and Kadiri 6, respectively. Among 43 genotypes tested, 15 genotypes recorded greater than 60 g. The characters, number of branches plant-1 exhibited high GCV and PCV indicating ample amount of variation among the genotypes and the simple selection would be sufficient for this character to bring genetic improvement in desired direction, due to preponderance of fixable additive gene action. xiv High heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for characters viz., specific leaf area at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, hundred kernel weight, plant height and dry haulm yield plant-1 indicating the preponderance of additive gene action in expression of these characters and selection would be effective for improvement of these characters. D2 analysis revealed the presence of considerable diversity among forty three advanced breeding lines of groundnut, which were grouped into twelve clusters. Cluster I is the largest cluster with twenty two genotypes, cluster II contain eight genotypes and cluster IV contain four genotypes, cluster III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII are monogenotypic clusters. Based on inter cluster distances, the clusters IX (K 2075) and XII (Kadiri lepakshi), III (K 1774) and VI (Kadiri 6), III (K 1774) and XI (K 2075) were found to be more divergent. Hence the genotypes from these clusters can be utilized as potential parents and crossing among them would be suggested to generate a wide range of variability for effective selection for improvement of various characters. Based on the divergence analysis, the cross combinations K 2075 × Kadiri lepakshi, K 1774 × Kadiri 6 and K 1774 × K 1909 could be recommended. Combining genetic divergence, and per se performance of genotypes, K 2075 (IX), K 1924 (VII), K 1774 (III) can be recommended for the development of improved cultivars for yield, yield contributing traits and physiological traits in groundnut. A persual of the results on character association displayed that highly significant and positive association was observed between kernel yield plant-1 followed by number of pods plant-1, dry haulms yield plant-1, days to 50% flowering, plant height, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading at 60 DAS, hundred kernel weight and days to maturity at both phenotypic and genotypic levels and significant with pod yield plant-1 and also among themselves, indicating an increase in the magnitude of any of these characters leads to subsequent increase in the magnitude of pod yield. Hence, these characters could be used in the further selection programme for the improvement of pod yield plant-1. Path analysis gives a more realistic relationship of characters and helps to identify the effective components of pod yield in groundnut. Among the characters, positive correlation with pod yield revealed that kernel yield plant-1 exhibited positive direct effect on pod yield per plant followed by number of pods per plant, harvest index, dry haulm yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of mature pods per plant, days to maturity and hundred kernel weight at both phenotypic and genotypic levels Thus, kernel yield per plant, dry haulms yield per plant, hundred kernel weight, plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and number of pods plant-1 and harvest index were found to have significant influence on pod xv yield plant-1. Hence these traits should be considered as important selection criteria in all groundnut improvement programmes and direct selection for these traits is recommended for pod yield improvement. Critical analysis of results obtained from character association and path analysis indicated that kernel yield plant-1 followed by number of pods plant-1, dry haulm yield plant-1, hundred kernel weight, plant height, days to 50% flowering and day to maturity had strong positive association with pod yield plant-1, along with high magnitude of positive direct effect on pod yield plant-1. This reveals the importance of above characters in selection of superior genotypes for higher yield in groundnut.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE, FIBRE QUALITY AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS IN DESI COTTON (Gossypium arboreum L.)
    (ACHARYA NG RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2023-07-11) NIKHIL SAGAR, U; RAMA REDDY, Y.
    The present investigation was undertaken in desi cotton during kharif, 2021-22 at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Nandyal to study the genetic variability and character association for fibre quality, yield and drought tolerance related traits. The field experiment was conducted at the main field and the data related to yield and fibre quality traits was recorded from the plants of all genotypes grown in the field. The pot culture experiment was carried out at polyhouse to identify the desi cotton genotypes for drought tolerance related traits. The analysis of variance for fibre and yield related traits showed significant differences among all the genotypes for the studied traits. Both high PCV and GCV were observed in case of seed cotton yield and lint yield. The estimates of heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean were high for the characters viz., lint index, seed index, seed cotton yield and lint yield indicating the presence of broader variability for these traits in the studied genotypes. The results of Mahalanobis D2 analysis indicated the presence of xi v considerable genetic divergence among the 48 desi cotton genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters. The crosses made between the genotypes of cluster V (NDLA-3066) with cluster VII (NDLA 3128-2) followed by cluster IX (NDLA 3147-2) with cluster VII (NDLA 3128-2) and cluster VI (NDLA-2974) with cluster VII (NDLA 3128-2) are expected to give desirable segregants. Of the 15 characters studied, elongation percentage, seed cotton yield, halo length, bundle strength and lint yield contributed maximum towards divergence. Correlation study showed significant positive association of boll weight and lint yield with seed cotton yield per plant at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. So, increase in seed cotton yield per plant can be attained by improvement of boll weight and lint yield in breeding programme. The analysis of variance for the drought tolerance related traits revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes (G), drought (D) and genotype × drought (G × D) interaction were significant for all the genotypes indicating presence of sufficient amount of variability among the genotypes and also the evaluated genotypes significantly effected by the imposed stress. Correlation analysis for drought tolerance related traits indicated that root dry weight, shoot dry weight, total dry weight and root to shoot ratio were found to have significant positive association with each other under both control and stress conditions. These characters may be considered in selection programmes for improving drought tolerance ability in desi cotton. The performance of 48 genotypes of desi cotton in pot culture experiment revealed that the genotypes NDLA-2965, NDLA-2963, NDLA- 2958, NDLA-3028, NDLA-3091 and NDLA-3109 were found to record highest values under stress and control conditions based on root dry weight, shoot dry weight, total dry weight and root to shoot ratio. These genotypes can be used in future crop improvement programmes to develop drought tolerant desi cotton varieties.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
    (ACHARYA NG RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2023-07-11) PREETHI SUNEELA, DAYAM; PRASANNA RAJESH, A.
    The present investigation was carried out during rabi 2021-22 at Agricultural Research Station, Peddapuram. This study was undertaken with an objective of testing twenty seven inbred lines of maize for their combining ability and to know the nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of major characters viz,. days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50 % silking, plant height, ear placement height, ear girth, ear length, kernel rows cob -1 , no of kernels row -1 , 100 kernel weight, protein content and grain yield per plant. The magnitude of heterosis was studied among 108 crosses resulted through line x tester mating design wherein 27 lines were crossed with four testers. The inbred lines along with hybrids and checks were evaluated in 2 replications by using simple lattice design at Agricultural Research Station, Peddapuram. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among 144 genotypes for all the characters indicating the presence of higher degree of variability in the material studied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for combining ability revealed significant differences for all the twelve characters indicating the presence of variability among genotypes. Out of 27 lines, 2 lines viz., PI 333, PI 36 recorded significant gca effects for plant height, ear placement height, number of kernels row -1 and grain yield per plant. 8 lines PI 31, PI 33, PI 35, PI 40, PI 42, PI 47, PI 48, PI 50 recorded significant gca effects for maturity traits viz., days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50 % silking and days to maturity. Four lines PI 331, PI 333, PI 36, PI 49 were found to be recorded significant gca effects for yield attributing traits viz., plant height, ear placement height, ear length, number of kernels row-1 and 13 lines recorded significant gca effects for quality trait viz., protein content. xii Out of 108 cross combinations, 3 crosses PI 331/BML7, PI 55/LM14, PI 60/LM14 recorded significant sca effects for maturity traits viz., days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50 % silking and days to maturity. 5 crosses PI 330/LM13, PI 31/LM14, PI 33/BML7, PI 35/LM14, PI 48/LM14 recorded significant sca effects for yield and yield attributing traits viz., ear length, number of kernels row-1, , grain yield per plant. Whereas, 4 crosses PI 31/LM13, PI 60/LM14, PI 330/LM14, PI 51/BML6 recorded significant sca effects for quality trait viz., protein content. The crosses with high sca effects resulted due to high × low, high × high, low × high and low × low gca combinations. So, in hybridization programmes along with good combiners one can afford to include low general combiners. Variance due to gca and sca were significant for all the traits except plant height and ear girth thereby indicating role of both additive and non-additive gene action. However, the ratio of gca variance to total genetic variance was less than unity for majority of the traits which indicates the predominance of non-additive gene action and the ratio of gca variance to total genetic variance was more than unity for plant height, ear girth and kernel rows cob-1 indicating the predominance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Heterosis studies revealed that out of 108 crosses, 5 crosses viz., PI 31/LM13, PI 40/LM13, PI 42/BML6, PI 50/LM13, PI 55/LM14 recorded significant positive heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check for maturity traits viz., days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50 % silking, days to maturity. The cross PI 330/LM13 recorded significant positive heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check for grain yield and yield attributing traits viz., ear placement height, ear length, number of kernels row-1 and is identified as best hybrid. One cross PI 47/LM13 recorded significant positive heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check for ear length and number of kernels row-1. The cross PI 331/LM13 recorded significant positive heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check for ear placement height and number of kernels row-1 and the cross PI 49/LM13 recorded significant positive heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check for ear placement height and ear length. Whereas, twelve crosses (PI 332/LM14), (PI 31/BML7), (PI 31/LM13), (PI 36/BML7), (PI 42/LM14), (PI 44/LM14), (PI 48/BML7), (PI 51/BML7), (PI 53/BML7), (PI 55/BML6), (PI 55/LM13), (PI 60/LM14) recorded significant positive heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check for quality trait viz., protein content. Based on overall performance per se performance of lines, testers and crosses, high sca effects and over better standard check (P3546), the best heterotic combination identified for days to 50 % tasseling are PI 55/LM14, PI 31/LM13; days to 50 % silking and days to maturity are PI 55/LM14; for ear placement height it is PI 328/BML6, PI 33/LM13, PI 44/BML6; for ear length it is PI 330/LM13, PI 328/LM14, PI 31/LM14; for No of kernels row-1 it is PI 330/LM13, PI 331/LM13; for 100 kernel weight it is PI 48/BML6; for protein content it is PI 53/BML7, PI 48/BML7, PI 31/BML7; and for grain yield per plant it is PI 330/LM13. Thus, the results revealed the superiority of crosses over xiii standard check (P3546) for majority of the traits except for plant height, ear girth and kernel rows cob-1.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERSITY IN FOXTAIL MILLET FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS
    (ACHARYA NG RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2023-07-11) SUCHARITHA, GATTU; RAMA REDDY, Y.
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on Genetic Diversity in Foxtail millet for Yield and Quality Traits’’ was carried out in order to study the mean, genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, character association and the magnitude of direct effects of yield components on yield and genetic divergence were studied for 17 characters in 84 genotypes including four checks in Augmented Randomized Complete Block Design, at ANGRAU- Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Nandyal. Andhra Pradesh, during Kharif, 2021. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confessed significant difference for all traits among different germplasm source, signifying the presence of the genetic variability. Based on mean values, plant height recorded more in genotype SiA 3748 compared to checks, suggesting that this can be used for fodder purpose. Similarly mean values for yield and yield contributing traits like panicle length, flag leaf length, grain yield per plant, panicle weight, test weight and seed zinc content was recorded more in SiA 3758 compared to checks suggesting that these genotypes can be exploited for the development of heterotic hybrids in foxtail millet improvement programme. xv The values of PCV were marginally higher than GCV values for all the traits which are denoted that the traits were less triggered by the environment and there by offering adequate opportunity for improvement of the characters by simple phenotypic selection. High PCV and GCV were recorded for panicle length, peduncle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, panicle weight per plant, seed calcium content and seed phosphorous content reflecting the existence of variation among the genotypes. Moderate PCV and GCV was catalogued for plant height, fodder yield, grain yield per plant, test weight, harvest index, seed iron content and seed protein content specifying moderate variability among the genotypes. Low GCV and PCV were recorded for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and seed zinc content designate the presence of less variability among the genotypes. The estimates of high heritability combined with high genetic advance as percent of mean were registered for panicle length, peduncle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, panicle weight per plant, test weight, fodder yield, harvest index, seed calcium content, seed iron content, seed phosphorous content, seed protein content and grain yield per plant specifying the predominance of additive gene action in maintaining the inheritance of these characters. Therefore, direct phenotypic selection will be helpful in these characters. High heritability with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean were noted in plant height and seed zinc content denoting the influence of both additive and non-additive gene action in inheritance of these traits. High heritability coupled with low genetic advance as percent of mean is seen in days to 50% flowering, and days to maturity, proposing the effect of both additive and non-additive gene action for transfer of these traits. Peduncle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, panicle weight per plant, seed calcium content and seed phosphorous content are the specific traits with higher values of PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance percent of mean exhibit that these traits were under the control of additive gene action and genetic improvement can be done by simple selection for these traits. Diversity among the genotypes was estimated by D2 analysis, PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis. D2 analysis by Tochers method has provided eight distinct clusters with maximum number in cluster I (44), followed by cluster II (22), cluster IV (11), cluster VI (three) genotypes. Further, the cluster III, cluster V, cluster VII and cluster VIII were the monogenetic clusters with presence of individual genotype. The maximum inter-cluster distance was noticed between cluster IV and VI, followed by cluster VI and VII indicating that the genotypes present in these clusters were possessing high genetic diversity and thus can be used for transgressive segregation for getting the superior type of germplasm lines. Cluster V (SiA 3785), Cluster VII (SiA 3856) and Cluster VIII (SiA 3758) are solitary clusters with single genotypes indicating that these genotypes are with high diversity. xvi Principal component analysis is attributed for 69.152% of total cumulative variances by five principal components. 2D and 3D plots indicated that genotypes SiA 3222, SiA 3920, SiA 3882, SiA 3760 and SiA 3761 were divergent for yield and quality traits, thus they can be used as prospective parents and hybridization between these diverse genotypes can put forward. The study of correlation analysis for grain yield, yield attributes and quality characters disclosed consistent positive correlation with characters like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, flag leaf width, test weight, fodder yield, harvest index, seed zinc content, seed protein content and negative correlation with flag leaf length, seed calcium content, seed iron content, seed phosphorous content, panicle weight, panicle length and peduncle length. Therefore, it was observed that simultaneous selection for yield and all quality characters may not be possible and balanced selection criteria should be followed. Path analysis revealed that due weightage should be given for the characters viz., plant height, harvest index and seed protein content as these characters not only showed high significant positive correlations but also recorded high positive direct effect with grain yield per plant. Thus, the present investigation concludes that, the genotypes viz., SiA 3748 and SiA 3758 can be utilized as prominent parents for foxtail millet improvement. Traits like Panicle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, grain yield per plant, panicle weight per plant, test weight and quality trait like seed zinc content were having high values of variability and can be developed through simple selection. From correlation and path analysis, it is inferred that traits like plant height, harvest index and seed protein content had significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant and also positive direct effect on grain yield. Diversity was estimated by cluster and PCA method, it specified that genotypes like SiA 3222, SiA 3920, SiA 3882, SiA 3760, and SiA 3761 were shown higher diversity. Therefore, these genotypes can be used as parents in future improvement programmes to get superior varieties or hybrids.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STABILITY OF PHENOLOGICAL TRAITS, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN ADVANCE BREEDING LINES OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (guntur, 2022-11-11) PRASANTHI, GOLLA.; JAYALAKSHMI, V.
    The present investigation entitled “Stability of phenological traits, seed yield and quality traits in advance breeding lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was carried at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, during rabi 2020-21 to study the nature and extent of genotype by environment interaction on phenological traits, seed yield and quality traits in chickpea and to investigate the stability and adaptability of the advance breeding lines of chickpea to various sowing windows of Andhra Pradesh. The study was taken up with 10 advance chickpea breeding lines and four released varieties planted in Randomized Block Design with three replications sown during October (E1), November (E2) and December (E3) representing various sowing windows adopted by farmers in Andhra Pradesh. The analysis of variance for nineteen characters viz., phenological traits like days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, duration of vegetative phase, duration of flowering, duration of reproductive phase, days to maturity, leaf area index; yield attributing traits namely plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, harvest index, seed yield; and quality traits like hydration capacity, swelling capacity, cooking time, protein content, zinc content and iron content recorded in three days of planting revealed significant variation among genotypes for all these traits, except for harvest index and protein content in E1 and days to first flowering and duration of vegetative phase in E3. Across various environments, advance breeding lines NBeG 690, NBeG 776 and NBeG 699 and released variety NBeG 119 exhibited high per se performance for phenological traits. Desi genotypes, NBeG 776, NBeG 779 and NBeG 690 were identified as promising for seed yield while in Kabuli genotypes, NBeG 789 is promising for harvest index, 100 seed weight and zinc content. NBeG 833 is a large seeded Kabuli with desirable quality traits like high protein content, hydration capacity and swelling capacity. Stability analysis as per Eberhart and Russel (1966) revealed highly significant genotype × environment interaction for days to 50% flowering, duration of flowering, leaf area index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index, seed yield, hydration capacity, swelling capacity and iron content indicating a variable response of the genotypes to different dates of planting studied. Environments + (genotype x environments) were significant for all characters except for leaf area index, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, iron content and zinc content. The higher magnitude of mean sum of squares for environment (linear), compared to genotype × environment (linear) indicated that linear response of environment accounted for major part of the total variation for all the traits studied and might be responsible for high adaptation of the genotypes in relation to yield and other traits. Except for days to first flowering, cooking time, protein content and zinc content, the mean squares for pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant indicating the importance of both linear and non-linear components in genotype × environment interaction observed for the traits in the present investigation. The E1 environment (October) was favourable for phenological traits, yield attributing traits and quality characters and E2 environment (November) was congenial for yield attributing traits. NBeG 47, NBeG 798 and NBeG 690 were stable genotypes with respect to the seed yield and considered to be promising genotypes for achieving high yields under variable environments. Genotypes NBeG 699, NBeG 440, NBeG 789, NBeG 833, NBeG 119 and KAK 2 were recommended for December planting (late planting) where as NBeG 779, NBeG 776, NBeG 452, NBeG 857 and NBeG 810 could be suggested for rich environment (October) for realizing enhanced yield. With respect quality traits, Kabuli genotypes NBeG 833, NBeG 789 and NBeG 440 had stable performance in all three sowing windows. The studies on variability revealed that there is sufficient genetic variability for leaf area index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, plant height, harvest index, seed yield, 100 seed weight, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, cooking time and iron content in the genotypes and the traits exhibited high heritability and high to moderate genetic advance. Breeders can exploit the additive gene effects of these traits and transgressive segregation in breeding programmes would be fruitful for further genetic improvement in chickpea to develop high yielding chickpeas with matching phenology to various environments and with faster cooking time and high iron content. Seed yield exhibited positive and significant association with phenological traits viz., duration of flowering and duration of reproductive phase in all the three sowing windows. These key traits were influencing seed yield indirectly via other contributing characters like days to first flowering, duration of vegetative phase, leaf area index and days to maturity in October sowing and traits like plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and also harvest index in late planting situation where crop is exposed to high temperature. Number of pods per plant though exhibited highly significant correlation with seed yield but had negative direct effect in October planting and high positive direct effect in December planting. Its significant correlation during October planting was established indirectly through duration of vegetative phase, days to maturity and leaf area index. Plant height with significant positive correlation with seed yield in December planting had high positive direct effect and also high indirect effect via duration of vegetative phase, duration of flowering, number of branches per plant. Swelling capacity, hydration capacity and cooking time are positively associated with 100 seed weight, but cooking time increased with the increase in seed weight. Strong correlations have been established between seed size and cooking time especially in Kabulis and therefore, special emphasis may be given for improving the seed size with less cooking time in extra-large seeded Kabulis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STABILITY OF PHENOLOGICAL TRAITS, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN ADVANCE BREEDING LINES OF CHICKPEA
    (guntur, 2022-09-12) PRASANTHI, GOLLA.; JAYALAKSHMI, V.
    The present investigation entitled “Stability of phenological traits, seed yield and quality traits in advance breeding lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was carried at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, during rabi 2020-21 to study the nature and extent of genotype by environment interaction on phenological traits, seed yield and quality traits in chickpea and to investigate the stability and adaptability of the advance breeding lines of chickpea to various sowing windows of Andhra Pradesh. The study was taken up with 10 advance chickpea breeding lines and four released varieties planted in Randomized Block Design with three replications sown during October (E1), November (E2) and December (E3) representing various sowing windows adopted by farmers in Andhra Pradesh. The analysis of variance for nineteen characters viz., phenological traits like days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, duration of vegetative phase, duration of flowering, duration of reproductive phase, days to maturity, leaf area index; yield attributing traits namely plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, harvest index, seed yield; and quality traits like hydration capacity, swelling capacity, cooking time, protein content, zinc content and iron content recorded in three days of planting revealed significant variation among genotypes for all these traits, except for harvest index and protein content in E1 and days to first flowering and duration of vegetative phase in E3. Across various environments, advance breeding lines NBeG 690, NBeG 776 and NBeG 699 and released variety NBeG 119 exhibited high per se performance for phenological traits. Desi genotypes, NBeG 776, NBeG 779 and NBeG 690 were identified as promising for seed yield while in Kabuli genotypes, NBeG 789 is promising for harvest index, 100 seed weight and zinc content. NBeG 833 is a large seeded Kabuli with desirable quality traits like high protein content, hydration capacity and swelling capacity. Stability analysis as per Eberhart and Russel (1966) revealed highly significant genotype × environment interaction for days to 50% flowering, duration of flowering, leaf area index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index, seed yield, hydration capacity, swelling capacity and iron content indicating a variable response of the genotypes to different dates of planting studied. Environments + (genotype x environments) were significant for all characters except for leaf area index, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, iron content and zinc content. The higher magnitude of mean sum of squares for environment (linear), compared to genotype × environment (linear) indicated that linear response of environment accounted for major part of the total variation for all the traits studied and might be responsible for high adaptation of the genotypes in relation to yield and other traits. Except for days to first flowering, cooking time, protein content and zinc content, the mean squares for pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant indicating the importance of both linear and non-linear components in genotype × environment interaction observed for the traits in the present investigation. The E1 environment (October) was favourable for phenological traits, yield attributing traits and quality characters and E2 environment (November) was congenial for yield attributing traits. NBeG 47, NBeG 798 and NBeG 690 were stable genotypes with respect to the seed yield and considered to be promising genotypes for achieving high yields under variable environments. Genotypes NBeG 699, NBeG 440, NBeG 789, NBeG 833, NBeG 119 and KAK 2 were recommended for December planting (late planting) where as NBeG 779, NBeG 776, NBeG 452, NBeG 857 and NBeG 810 could be suggested for rich environment (October) for realizing enhanced yield. With respect quality traits, Kabuli genotypes NBeG 833, NBeG 789 and NBeG 440 had stable performance in all three sowing windows. The studies on variability revealed that there is sufficient genetic variability for leaf area index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, plant height, harvest index, seed yield, 100 seed weight, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, cooking time and iron content in the genotypes and the traits exhibited high heritability and high to moderate genetic advance. Breeders can exploit the additive gene effects of these traits and transgressive segregation in breeding programmes would be fruitful for further genetic improvement in chickpea to develop high yielding chickpeas with matching phenology to various environments and with faster cooking time and high iron content. Seed yield exhibited positive and significant association with phenological traits viz., duration of flowering and duration of reproductive phase in all the three sowing windows. These key traits were influencing seed yield indirectly via other contributing characters like days to first flowering, duration of vegetative phase, leaf area index and days to maturity in October sowing and traits like plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and also harvest index in late planting situation where crop is exposed to high temperature. Number of pods per plant though exhibited highly significant correlation with seed yield but had negative direct effect in October planting and high positive direct effect in December planting. Its significant correlation during October planting was established indirectly through duration of vegetative phase, days to maturity and leaf area index. Plant height with significant positive correlation with seed yield in December planting had high positive direct effect and also high indirect effect via duration of vegetative phase, duration of flowering, number of branches per plant. Swelling capacity, hydration capacity and cooking time are positively associated with 100 seed weight, but cooking time increased with the increase in seed weight. Strong correlations have been established between seed size and cooking time especially in Kabulis and therefore, special emphasis may be given for improving the seed size with less cooking time in extra-large seeded Kabulis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF ELITE PARENTAL LINES USEFUL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RICE HYBRIDS AND STUDY OF HETEROSIS OF SOME RESULTANT HYBRIDS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (guntur, 2022-08-17) ANAND VARDHAN, C.; SUBBA RAO, M.
    The present investigation was undertaken in rice during kharif 2020- 21 to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic divergence, character association, path analysis, identification of maintainer / restorer reaction of parental lines, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis of hybrids for yield and yield components of promising hybrids. The present investigation was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research station (RARS), Nandyal with 8 CMS lines, 27 male parental lines and 38 hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elicit information on the nature and extent of variability, heritability, genetic advance, character association, the magnitude of direct and indirect effects of yield components on yield and genetic divergence based on 10 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), productive tillers plant-1, panicle length (cm), total grains panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1, spikelet fertility (%), test weight (g) and grain yield plant-1 (g). High PCV, high GCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for grain yield plant-1 (g), filled grains panicle-1 and spikelet fertility per cent indicating the presence of broader variability for these traits in the genotypes studied. xv The results of Mahalanobios D2 analysis indicated the presence of considerable genetic divergence among 37 genotypes studied. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Of the 10 characters studied, grain yield plant-1, total grains panicle-1, days to 50% flowering, test weight and plant height contributed maximum towards divergence. Correlation study indicated positive significant association of days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, days to maturity, productive tillers plant-1, panicle length, total grains panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1, and test weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with grain yield plant-1. So, increase in grain yield plant-1 can be attained by improvement of the above-mentioned characters in breeding programme. The path analysis indicated positive significant association and high positive direct effect for days to 50% flowering, plant height, productive tillers plant-1, total grains panicle-1, spikelet fertility per cent and test weight on the grain yield plant-1 at genotypic and phenotypic level and filled grains panicle-1 at phenotypic level. Floral studies indicated maximum out crossing per cent in CMS line APMS 6A followed by IR 58025A. This is attributed to floral traits viz. panicle exertion per cent and angle of floret opening. Eight superior WA based CMS lines viz., CMS 16A, CMS 23A, APMS 10A, IR 68888A, IR 68897A, IR 58025A, IR79156A and APMS 6A were crossed with 27 elite male lines during kharif, 2020-21. Pollen and spikelet sterility / fertility for 38 specific crosses were studied and of all 38 crosses studied and 14 hybrids showed maintainer reaction (75% spikelet fertility) and they are they are designated as partial restorers, 5 (50 – 75% spikelet fertility) showed partial fertility and 7 hybrids displayed partial fertility (< 45% spikelet fertility) and they are designated as partial maintainers. The male parents which showed maintainers reaction can be further studied for floral traits and best lines can be backcrossed for development of new CMS lines. The male parents which have showed fertility restoration can be further used for crossing with different CMS lines for development of new heterotic hybrid combinations. The hybrids NDLRH 244, NDLRH 304 and NDLRH 293 exhibited significant standard heterosis over the two check varieties BPT 5204 and MTU 1010 with desirable traits like days to 50% flowering, day to maturity, productive tillers plant-1, total grains panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1 and grain yield plant-1. These hybrids may be thoroughly tested over large number of locations for further confirmation before they are exploited commercially.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN BARNYARD MILLET (Echinochloa frumentacea L.)
    (guntur, 2022-08-17) NEHRU, G.; TRIVIKRAMA REDDY, A.
    The present research investigation on “Morphological Characterization and Divergence Studies in Barnyard Millet [Echinochloa Frumentacea (L.)]” was conducted during kharif, 2020 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, with sixty four germplasm accessions in lattice square design with two replications. Morphological characterization of germplasm accessions revealed the existence of wide range of variation among 22 DUS traits studied. For plant growth habit, it was dominant for erectness, for basal tillers all the germplasm are low (<4), medium duration for days to 50% flowering, medium type was dominant for flag leaf blade length and width, medium was dominant for peduncle length, non-pigmented was dominant for pigmentation at internode, pyramidal was dominant for inflorescence shape, green color was dominant for inflorescence color, open was dominant for panicle compactness, for spikelet arrangements one side was dominant, straight was dominant for lower raceme shape, slender was predominant for lower raceme thickness, absent of branching was predominant for lower raceme branching, culm branching, all the germplasm accessions were branched, medium was dominant for lower raceme length, for panicle length medium was dominant, for plant height tall was dominant, grey white was dominant for grain color, medium was dominant for 1000 seed weight, lodging was absent for all the germplasm accessions. The results of ANOVA indicated the existence of highly significant differences among the germplasm accessions indicating ample genetic variability in the germplasm for all the 18 quantitative traits studied. Based on per se performance, promising germplasm accessions viz., TNEf-216, TNEf-215, TNEf-218 and TNEf-202 that recorded higher values for majority of the traits viz., days to 50% flowering and days to maturity (earliness), basal tillers, peduncle length, flag leaf blade length, flag leaf blade width, plant height, panicle weight / plant, 1000 seed weight, lower raceme length, grain yield / plant, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, phosphorus were identified. A perusal to the analysis of various genetic parameters viz., genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean revealed higher values of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean for the traits basal tillers and lower raceme length implying their amenability for improvement through simple selection strategies. Moderate GCV and PCV values coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean was registered for the traits, days to 50% flowering, peduncle length, panicle length, 1000 seed weight, panicle weight per plant, grain yield per plant, zinc and protein indicating the prevalence of both additive and non-additive gene actions and hence genetic improvement can be achieved by intercrossing among the accessions followed by selection for this trait. Diversity in the germplasm accessions was assessed through D2 analysis and canonical root analysis. The results of D2 analysis showed formation of eight non-overlapping distinct clusters with maximum number of accessions in cluster I (57) and cluster II, III, IV, V, VI. VII and VIII were mono genotypic clusters with single accession per cluster. Minimum inter-cluster distance was reported between clusters IV and VI. Maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster VI and VII, IV and VI in the decreasing order of magnitude indicating the presence of diversity in the material which can be utilized for future hybridization programme. About 75.9 per cent of total genetic divergence was accounted through canonical root analysis. Based on the results of divergence studies and per se performance together, the promising accessions TNEf-216, TNEf-215, TNEf-218 and TNEf-202 were identified which can be used as ‘potential parents’ in future hybridization programmes. The correlation studies between grain yield and its attributes in sixtyfour accessions of barnyard millet revealed positively significant association of grain yield / plant with most of the traits viz., basal tillers, 1000 seed weight, panicle weight per plant and peduncle length implying that these traits may be employed as selection criterion for developing high yielding cultivars. The path coefficient analysis revealed that traits viz., panicle weight / plant, iron, calcium, panicle length and 1000 seed weight established true relationship with grain yield per plant by exhibiting positive associations and positive direct selection for these traits. Thus as a whole, the studies conclude that the germplasm accessions viz., TNEf-216, TNEf-215, TNEf-218 and TNEf-202 were promising for majority of the traits and might serve as ‘potential parents’ in future hybridization programmes. The traits, basal tillers and lower raceme length with higher estimates of variability parameters can be improved through simple selection strategies. Association studies through correlation and path analysis revealed that the traits panicle weight per plant and 1000 seed weight showed high positive direct effects on grain yield implying the scope of direct selection for these traits in genetic improvement of barnyard millet.