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Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur (AP)

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × Author: SAI SUCHARITHA, Y × Start date: 2014 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A CIRCULAR FLUME FOR IRRIGATION WATER MEASUREMENT USING CRITICAL FLOW CONCEPT
    (2021-09-07) SAI SUCHARITHA, Y; KRUPAVATHI, K.
    In the water scarce situation, measurement of flow in open channel reduce the pressure on water resources and promotes the better utilization of water. The present study aimed at developing critical flow circular flume with rectangular centre contraction. The use of concept of critical flow in weirs and flumes is a common method of measuring flow in open channel. Creating critical flow makes it possible to measure the depth and calculate the flow rate, thus simplifying the monitoring of flow rate. Many measuring and regulating devices have been developed by earlier researchers. All of them do not satisfy the concomitant requirements of simplicity, sturdiness, reasonable accuracy, adoptability to any cross-sectional shape of channels and low head loss leaving enough scope for further research and development in the field of small measuring structures. The analysis of difficult in the rectangular/curvilinear flow, the complication in fabrication, the errors in installation, the economy and the sensitivity towards submergence have limited the use of these flumes. Hence, a need arises to lay emphasis on development of simple critical flow flumes by creating contraction at the middle of the section and not from the bottom so that obstructions to any debris and deposition of silt/any debris on upstream side is avoided. The formation of critical flow condition in the throat section is important characteristic which should be study. The present study is planned to design and develop a rectangular contracted flume in U channel. The flume is tested for its occurrence of critical flow conditions and flow characteristics in developed flumes. The circular flume was designed by placing rectangular block in a U- shaped channel. Six flumes were fabricated with different contractions (30%, 40% and 50% contractions) and throat lengths (15 cm and 30 cm). Water surface profiles were collected for four discharges (6, 9, 12 and 15 Lps). Critical depths were computed and located on the water surface profiles. During the experimentation, the six circular critical flow flumes were prepared as explained in the above section are installed one after the other Name of the Author : Y. SAI SUCHARITHA Title of the thesis : “DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A CIRCULAR FLUME FOR IRRIGATION WATER MEASUREMENT USING CRITICAL FLOW CONCEPT” Degree to which it is submitted : MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty : AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Major field of study : SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERING Major Advisor : Dr. K. KRUPAVATHI University : ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of Submission : 2020 xv in hydraulic flume at 2m away from the tailgate of the hydraulic flume. Once the experiment with all four discharges on installed circular flume has been completed, it was replaced with another flume model. Care has been taken during installation of the circular flume, to ensure that rectangular throat and semi-circular bottom channels are perfectly aligned at the center of the hydraulic flume’s horizontal axis. The study revealed that the critical flow conditions occurred at 15, 12 Lps in all six flumes. Critical flow conditions occurred for all four discharges for Flume -1 and Flume -2. Whereas for Flume-4 and Flume -5, the critical flow conditions occurred at 15 to 9Lps discharges. For flume-3 and Flume-6 the critical flow conditions occurred at 15, 12Lps only. The critical depth found at only one location in the flume throat, but it neither occurred at any fixed location for all discharges for a single contraction nor for all contractions with a single discharge. The location of critical section was nearer to the upstream section for higher discharges and nearer to brink for low discharges and low contractions. For a particular discharge, the critical depth was found to increase with increase in contraction. For a particular contraction, critical section moved towards brink with decrease in discharge. The flumes with 30 cm throat length gave a constant brink- critical depth ratio in flumes for the discharge range selected. It was clear from the observations that a fairly constant brink depth to critical depth ratio for each flume tested. For the flumes with 15 cm throat length the brink – critical depth ratios were near to each other. The constant brink depth – critical depth ratio of the circular flume reveals that the discharge can be computed with a single measurement of brink depth at the end of the flume for the flumes under free flow conditions for the flumes with 30 cm throat length. The small throat length (15 cm) is sufficient to measure the flows more than 9Lps with the proposed design. For low flow (6Lps), no critical section formed in the throat section. The contractions more than 30% are best suitable for flow measurement with the proposed design. Hence, for low flows, it is better to adopt long throat lengths and more contraction. The R2 values of Eq.4.1 for the developed flumes varied from 0.9124 to 0.999. For Eq.4.2,the R2 values in between 0.928 to 0.9952. Similarly, for Eq.4.3 the range of R2is in between 0.928 to 0.995for the developed flumes. In case of Eq. (4.1), the highest deviation in discharge was observed with Flume -2 (-10.38%). In case of Eq. (4.2) the highest deviation was observed with Flume -5 (-10.458%) followed by Flume -2 (-9.064%). In case of Eq. (4.3) the highest deviations are – 2.93 % and -8.106 %. The highest deviation in discharge was observed in case of Flume -1 (-8.344%).All the non-dimensional parameters performed well in prediction of discharges. The deviations in discharges are less than ± 10% in most of the cases for all equations. Any equation can be conveniently used based on the data availability of the user provided critical flow conditions in the throat. ___________________________________________________________________________ Key words: Circular Flume, Critical flow condition, Flow characteristics of circular flume, open channels, discharge measurement, critical depth, location of critical depth.
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