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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry × Author: B. JAYASREE × Start date: 2019 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF SOILS OF PALAMANER DIVISION IN CHITTOOR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND USE PLANNING
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-05-23) B. JAYASREE; Dr. M.V.S. NAIDU
    The present investigation entitled "Characterization, classification, and evaluation of soils of Palamaner division in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh for sustainable land use planning," involved 18 master profiles in three transects with 6 pedons each. The morphological, physical, physico-chemical, chemical, elemental composition, and available and total macro and micronutrients of these pedons were examined. The study area had a semi-arid monsoonic environment with distinct summer, winter, and rainy seasons. The three transects that make up the Palamaner division's research area are transect-I, transect-II and transect-III. Pedons 1 and 2 were situated on top slopes (3-5%), pedons 3 and 4 on middle slopes (1-3%), and pedons 5 and 6 on lower slopes (0-1%) in transect-I. In a similar fashion, in transect -II, pedons 7 and 8 were found on upper slopes (3-5%), pedons 9 and 10 on middle slopes (1-3%), and pedons 11 and 12 on lower slopes (0-1%). In contrast, pedons 13 and 14 in transect III were situated on higher slopes (5–10%), pedons 15 and 16 in the centre of the slope range (3-5%), and pedons 17 and 18 in the lower slope range (1-3%). According to 30 years of meteorological data, the distribution of rainfall was essentially symmetric. Rainfall has strong abnormalities, which symbolises the dry land agriculture in the research region, according to the precipitation concentration index (PCI), which was determined. The seasonality index was above 1.2 in some years, indicating that the study area's rainfall was cyclical with brief dry seasons. The research region comes under the isohyperthermic soil temperature regime and ustic soil moisture regime based on mean air and soil temperatures, with a growing season of 90 to 150 days, supporting a single crop. xxiii The morphological characteristics of the soils (Transect-I) revealed that the upper slopes (Kanalillu, P1 and Kummaragunta, P2) had Ap-Bw and Ap-Bt horizons, while the middle slopes (Chellargunta, P3 and Settipalle, P4) include Ap-AC and Ap-Bt horizon sequences, and the lower slopes' soils display Ap-Bt and Ap-B/A-BA-Bt horizon sequences (Gorreladoddi P5, Chinnapuram P6). These soils have a matrix that ranges from extremely light brown (2.5 YR 8/3) to dark reddish brown (2.5 YR 3/4), however they were sandy loam to clay loam texture. Transect-II soils were made up of Atukurallapalle (P7) and Samalagadda (P8) on the upper slopes, Gangavaram (P9) and Kongavaripalli (P10) on the middle slopes, Maredupalli (P11) and Jidimakulapalli (P12) on the lower slopes. The soils on the upper slopes have horizon sequences of Ap-BA-Bt and Ap-A/B-B/A-Bw1- Bss1, respectively, while the soils on the lower slopes have horizon sequences of Ap-AB-Bw and Ap-Bw1-Bw2-Bw3-Bw4, and the soils on the middle slopes have Ap-Bt1-C1-2Bt1 and Ap-Bt1-C1-Bt2. The soils are fairly deep to deep, sandy loam to clay loam in texture, and dark reddish brown (2.5 YR 3/4) to light grey (10YR 7/2) in colour. Transect-III soils included Zararipalli (P13), Kilapatla (P14), Gandhinagar (P15), Mogili (P16), Gourishankarapuram (P17), and Mittur (P18), and the pedons showed Ap-Bt horizon sequences. These soils were loamy sand to clay texture with a dark reddish brown (2.5 YR 3/4) to light brown (7.5 YR 6/4) matrix. All of the pedons in transect-I have more sand in the top soil, whereas the deeper layers have more silt and clay. Subsoil layers that had a sand to silt ratio of less than 1 showed discontinuities that were similar to those found in field descriptions as well as abrupt shifts like those seen in P1, P4, and P5. P9 and P10, which have comparable horizon sequences in the soils of transect-II and referred to as the C1 horizon features abrupt sandy loam horizons interspersed with sandy clay loam horizons. Sand, silt and clay were present in nearly equal amounts on the upper and lower slopes of the soils of transect-III. In transects I, II, and III, the mean bulk densities of the soils were 1.43 Mg m-3 , 1.45 Mg m-3 , and 1.48 Mg m-3 , respectively. The soils' clay content and water holding capacity tended to expand in comparable ways. The soils of transects I, II and III were low to medium in organic carbon, non-saline, and mildly acidic to neutral. The soils had a C:N ratio that ranged from 4.21 to 11.29 and a CEC of 5.23 to 46.23 cmol (p+) kg-1 . The soils were predominately composed of exchangeable Ca and exchangeable bases were in the order of Ca > Mg > K > Na. Regardless of the slopes and transects, the overall nitrogen content was less than 1 per cent. The total phosphorus concentration ranged from 184 to 745 mg kg-1 , the total potassium ranged from 2000 to 5167 mg kg-1 , and the total sulphur ranged from 200 to 960 mg kg-1 in the soils. The total zinc level in the soils ranged from 18.24 to 60.22 mg kg-1 , whereas the total copper content ranged from 17.06 to 52.75 mg kg-1 , the total manganese content from 112.64 to 386.26 mg kg-1 , and the total iron from 0.87 to 6.47 mg kg-1 . However, the soils of transects-I, II and III have low to medium levels of accessible N, high to medium levels of available P and low to medium/high levels of available K and deficient to sufficient in available S. DTPA extractable Cu and Mn were sufficient whereas, the DTPA extractable iron and zinc were deficient to sufficient irrespective of slopes and transects. xxiv Molar ratios and weathering indices were developed from the bulk geochemical data to comprehend the weathering patterns of these soils. All of the transects' predominant elemental compositions were SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. P2O5, K2O, and Na2O concentrations in all of the soils were less than 1 per cent. The concentrations of CaO and MgO ranged from 0.82 to 2.67 and 0.22 to 1.62, respectively. Clayeness (mAl2O3 / mSiO2) and calcification index (CaO + MgO / Al2O3) were found as two prominent pedogenic processes using molar ratios. The research area's soils were moderately to extremely worn, according to the CIA index of soils, which ranged from 74.95 to 87.70 per cent. The soils' Index-A and B values ranged from 0.82 to 0.91 and 0.11 to 0.21, respectively, while the CIA-K and WI (weathering index) values ranged from 76.58 to 89.31 and 2.35 to 4.05, respectively. The A-CN-K diagram revealed that granite-gneiss samples were situated above the K-feldspar join, in the centre of the A-K and A-CN lines. This tendency might be brought on by the removal of Ca and Na through plagioclase degradation. Illite formation is further aided by the transition of K-feldspar and illite when kaolinite has not yet formed. The retention of Fe(t) and Mg as weathering continues is likewise depicted in the A-CNK-FM graphic. Pedon 3 : Coarse – loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Ustorthents Pedons 1, 8 and 11 : Fine – loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Haplustepts Pedon 12 : Fine, mixed, isohyperthermic, Vertic Haplustepts Pedons 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 : Fine – loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Haplustalfs Pedon 7 : Fine – loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Rhodustalfs Pedon 18 : Fine – loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Ultic Haplustalfs The soils of the study area were divided into land capability subclasses viz., IIIs (pedon 6), IIIes (pedon 3, 15 and 18), IVs (pedons 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 and 12), IVes (pedons 1, 2, 7, 8, 13, 14 and 16), and VIes (pedon 17). The study area's soils have been divided into four land irrigability sub-classes such as, 2s (pedon 18), 3s (pedons 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 and 15), 4s (pedons 1, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 16), and 6s (pedon 17). According to the evaluation of the soil-site suitability in the research region, pedons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 were not appropriate (N) for rice, marginally suitable (S3) for groundnut and moderately suitable (S2) for maize and finger millet. While pedons 7, 8, 9, and 11 were only moderately suitable (S2) for maize and finger millet, pedons 7, 8 and 12 were only marginally acceptable (S3) for groundnut. Pedon 12 was also only moderately suitable (S2) for rice, groundnut and finger millet. The potential productivity of soils was good to exceptional for most pedons, while actual soil productivity ranged from ordinary to good. The crop improvement factor varied from 1.43 to 1.58, demonstrating the use of wise soil and water management techniques to maintain soil productivity