Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Open Access
STUDIES ON THE IDENTIFICATION AND INFLUENCE OF SOIL RELATED CONSTRAINTS ON THE LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) GROWING ORCHARDS IN ANDHRA PRADESH
(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) YASMIN, C; VENKAIAH, KEERTHI
t concentration, yield and fruit quality of sweet orange orchards and irrigation water quality in different villages of various mandals in Anantapur, Nalgonda and Prakasam districts of Andhra Pradesh. For this purpose 60 low (less than 10 t ha-1 fruit yield), 60 medium (10-15 t ha-1 fruit yield) and 60 high (more than 15 t ha-1 fruit yield) yielding orchards aged between 10 and 14 years were selected and soil samples were collected from these orchards at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth. Further, 180 index leaf samples, fruit samples and irrigation water were also collected from these orchards. The soil samples were analysed for physical properties like texture, bulk density, particle density, percent pore space and maximum water holding capacity, physicochemical characteristics viz., pH, EC, OC, CEC and free CaCO3 and chemical characteristics viz., available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Similarly, leaf samples were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu and fruit samples were analysed for TSS, acidity, vitamin-C, juice content, reducing, non-reducing and total sugars. In irrigation water pH, EC, cations viz., Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and anions viz., Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- and CO32- were analysed. The various textural classes observed in three districts in low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchard soils were loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay and clay. Soils of low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards were medium acidic to strongly alkaline in reaction in Anantapur, Nalgonda and Prakasam districts. All the soils in different yielding orchards of three districts were non-saline in nature as the EC of these soils was far below 4 dSm-1. In the subsurface soils, EC was low. In general, CaCO3 content was higher in the soils of low yielding orchards of three districts followed by soils of medium yielding orchards whereas lower values were recorded in the soils of high yielding orchards. All the soils studied were found to be calcareous in nature. The CEC values of surface and subsurface soils showed wide variations in the low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards of three districts. The surface and subsurface nitrogen status of all the orchards of three districts was low except a few. The phosphorus accumulation was also higher in all the soils of the orchards studied except a few. The similar trend of observations was also recorded with respect to available K. In the surface and subsurface soils, sufficient amount of available Ca and Mg was present in all the orchards studied in three districts. Considerable amount of available S was present both in the surface and subsurface soils of high yielding orchards of three districts, but S was deficient in the sizeable soils of low yielding and medium yielding orchards. The higher accumulation of micronutrients viz., Fe, Mn and Cu was recorded in the soils of low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards of three districts. Whereas the Zn was deficient in sizeable soil samples of all the orchards studied. Foliar concentration of N was found to be sufficient in the high yielding orchards of three districts but nearly 30 % and 25 % of leaf samples in medium yielding and low yielding orchards, in leaf N respectively. With respect to foliar concentration of P, nearly 50 % and 30 % of leaf samples were deficient in low and medium yielding orchards respectively but P deficiency was not noticed in leaf samples of high yielding orchards. In general, the concentration of K was deficient in 50 %, 40 % and 15 % of leaf samples collected from low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards of three districts respectively. The Ca and S concentration of index leaf of sweet orange was deficient except in few leaf samples. The leaf Mg concentration was sufficient in low yielding and medium yielding orchards except in few samples. The leaf micronutrients viz., Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn was found to be sufficient in high yielding orchards, whereas the same was medium to low in medium yielding and low yielding orchards of three districts. The highest fruit yield was recorded in high yielding orchards followed by medium yielding and low yielding orchards. The TSS of sweet orange fruits of all the orchards in three districts was higher when compared with values of 6.40 % prescribed for sweet orange. The acidity of sweet orange fruits was more in all the orchards studied as per the standards (0.4 to 0.7 %) given by Satyanarayana and Ramasubba Reddy (1994). The juice percentage of sweet orange observed from all the orchards was lower when compared with standards (> 42 % juice). The ascorbic acid content of sweet orange fruit was higher in the high yielding orchards of all the districts as compared to that of low yielding and medium yielding orchards. Total sugars of sweet orange fruits were affected by high pH and high clay in the low yielding orchards of Nalgonda district. But these were influenced by soil N in low yielding orchards of Prakasam district. The reducing sugars were significantly influenced by soil N in low yielding orchards and leaf K in high yielding orchards of Prakasam district respectively but it was affected by CaCO3 in high yielding orchards of Nalgonda district. The pH of irrigation water was ranged from neutral (7.00) to alkaline (8.60) in the districts of Anantapur, Nalgonda and Prakasam. The EC of all the ground water was below the safe limit of 2.25 dSm-1 prescribed by Gupta et al. (1994). The concentration of major cations in low yielding orchards of Anantapur and Nalgonda districts was in the order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. In Prakasam district of low yielding and high yielding orchards, the concentration of major cations was in the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+. The concentration of major anions of ground water collected from all the orchards was in the order of Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- > CO32- in low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards of Anantapur, Nalgonda and Prakasam districts, whereas the order Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > CO32- was observed in low yielding and high yielding orchards of Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh. SAR of ground water of all the orchards was in the safe limit except in few gardens, whereas RSC of ground water was below the critical limit. In multiple regression studies, yield of low yielding orchards of Nalgonda district was significantly influenced by soil N. In case of the high yielding orchards, yield was influenced by soil CaCO3, N, Ca, Mn and Zn whereas in medium yielding orchards of Prakasam district, yield was influenced by soil S. In the high yielding orchards of Nalgonda district leaf K, Zn and Cu had significantly influenced the yield and leaf N had significantly influenced the yield of medium yielding orchards of Prakasam district. In low yielding orchards of Prakasam district, leaf S and Zn had significantly influenced the yield. In high yielding orchards of Prakasam district, yield was significantly influenced by leaf Ca and leaf P. The detailed study of the sweet orange crop revealed that the yield and quality of sweet orange grown under adverse soil environment would be reduced drastically due to the poor management practices. The unfavourable soil environment will not be suitable for growing sweet orange. For achieving the maximum yield and good quality, sweet orange crops can be grown in sandy clay loam soils free from CaCO3 coupled with good management practices.
Open Access
SOIL RESOURCE INVENTORY AND NUTRIENT MAPPING IN NANDYAL DIVISION OF ANDHRA PRADESH USING RS AND GIS
(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) VENKATARAM MUNI REDDY, P; KEERTHI VENKAIAH
A study was undertaken to assess the soil fertility status, delineate the spatial variability of soil fertility status in order to suggest fertilizer recommendation maps, customized fertilizer formulation, crop suitability analysis and soil quality assessment of Nandyal revenue division in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh state using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Georeferenced samples were collected from the study area following spatially balanced sampling technique. The soil samples were analysed for various soil fertility parameters by adopting standard procedures. Ground truth analysis indicated that soils of the study area are moderately to highly alkaline and with low EC ranges. The Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur content showed much variation with high coefficient of variation. Soils vary across fields and within the fields. Hence to prove this fact, studies were done at village level taking Thimmapuram village of Mahanandi Mandal where much variability was observed. The data revealed that CV was high for phosphorus content (45%), all other nutrients also observed high values of CV confirming the existence of spatial variability within field. It can be inferred that when average content of micronutrients is analysed, soils exhibit sufficient status of micronutrients but the coefficient of variation for available Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn is 13, 24, 26 and 21 per cent respectively. The larger CV depicts that within a village there is much variation in the micronutrient status, proving that soil fertility is not homogeneous. xvii Spatial variability of soil properties was studied and maps were generated using geo-statistics. In the present study the variability is observed in case of all the nutrients under study with more variation in sulphur followed by phosphorus, iron, nitrogen, zinc, manganese, potassium and copper. Soil Quality Index (SQI) was computed using the Geometric mean of the five quality indicators and SQI maps were generated using GIS, through which the percentage area in each mandal under different soil quality type is assessed. Soil quality index maps show that 89.96, 60.91 and 70.68 per cent areas are having high soil quality, whereas 3.02, 24.70 and 20.64 per cent areas of Mahanandi, Nandyal and Panyam, respectively are having low soil quality type, where farmers should be careful in selecting land use management and cropping patterns. The soil site suitability maps for rice, sorghum, cotton and bengal gram delineate the areas in to suitable and not suitable which could be utilized for selecting the proper cropping pattern at local level. Site specific fertilizer recommendations for rice in Nandyal division and for rice and banana in Thimmapuram are made utilizing the thematic maps of spatial variability of N, P and K status. It shows that nitrogen and potassium are being excessively applied whereas in case of phosphorus, in some parcels, less application of nutrient is observed. The study on the economics of STCR based fertilization for paddy in Nandyal division shows that the difference in blanket recommendations of N, P and K from that of the site specific fertilizer recommendations of nutrients saves ` 782 lakh for N, ` 1531 lakh for P and ` 850 lakh for K for paddy growing farmers if SSNM is followed. Customized fertilizer formulations are prepared for paddy crop in different fertility zones. Recommended doses of N-P-K are calculated for each fertility zone and later customized fertilizer formulation is designed only for basal application as nitrogen is applied in three equal split doses for paddy crop and entire dose of P and K are applied basally. Hence, customized fertilizers are specific to each zone and each stage of the crop thereby increasing fertilizer use efficiency and reducing input costs. In conclusion, it can be summarized that application of remote sensing, GIS and GPS have opened a new era in generating natural resource database to integrate and assess their potential on spatial basis. Integration of GIS with various models in the present study was highly useful in generating the soil suitability assessment, fertilizer recommendation maps, soil quality assessment and preparation of customized fertilizer formulations. These studies can be made up to village level for micro level management of crop fields which help in attaining sustainability by catering the actual requirement of soil and crop within spatially variable fields. Further, the results provide actual estimates of fertilizer requirement for the study area for the important crops grown, thereby saving budget on nutrients at both planning and farmers level.
Open Access
EFFECT OF NANOSCALE ZINC OXIDE PARTICLES ON THE YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE
(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) VENKATA SUBBAIAH, L; PRASAD, T. N. V. K. V.
Revealing biological effects of nanoscale materials, especially in plants, is an important research area in bio-nanotechnology. Evaluation of the effects of nanoscale materials on agricultural crops is currently under exploitation. The present investigation was initiated considering the micronutrient deficiencies in the food crops especially the zinc. From the human health point of view, the enrichment of cereal grains with zinc is a desired outcome and in recent days there is an increasing interest in making the cereal grains with optimum zinc concentration. In the present study maize was selected as a test crop. Nano ZnO particles were prepared using modified oxalate decomposition method. As prepared ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using the techniques viz., UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and zeta potential analyzer. The mean size of the particles was found to be 25nm. A series of concentrations (50,100,200,400,600,800,1000,1500,2000ppm) of nano ZnO particles were examined to know the effect of nano zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and development, yield and yield attributes of maize along with the bulk ZnSO4 and control. The highest germination percentage (80%) and seedling vigor index (1923.20) were observed at the 1500 ppm of nano ZnO particles whereas at the field level the physiological parameters such as plant height, leaf area, number of leaves and dry weight were significantly influenced by 400 ppm of nano ZnO particles. The yield (42% more when compared to the control and 15% higher compared to the ZnSO4 @ 2000 ppm) and yield attributes like cob length, number of rows cob-1, number of grains row-1 and test weight of maize grains were also highly influenced by the foliar application of nano ZnO particles (400 ppm). ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrophotometer) analysis revealed the higher accumulation of zinc in the grains (35.96 mg kg-1; 37% and 29% higher than control and bulk ZnSO4 @ 2000 ppm respectively) with the application of 100 ppm followed by 400 ppm (31.05 mg kg-1) of nano ZnO particles due to the net remobilization of zinc from the leaves to the grains during grain filling period; whereas at higher concentrations the zinc accumulation in the grains was low because of membrane saturation with Zn at higher concentrations. These results indicate that the nano ZnO particles have significant effects on the growth, development, yield enhancement of agricultural crops, maize in particular, and also enhances the zinc content of grains which is an utmost important feature in terms of human health perspective.
Open Access
GENESIS, CLASSIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF SOILS IN CHENNUR MANDAL OF KADAPA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) SREEDHAR REDDY, K; NAIDU, M.V.S.
The present investigation involves study of genesis, classification and evaluation of soils in Chennur mandal of Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. For this, eight representative pedons were selected in eight different locations of the study area covering all types of soils. All the eight pedons were described for their morphological features in the field and horizonwise samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties. The study area was characterized by semi-arid monsoonic climate with distinct summer, winter and rainy seasons. The pedons selected were located on plains, very gently sloping and gently sloping topography. Pedon 1was developed from limestone whereas remaining pedons were developed from weathered gneiss. The morphological features indicated the presence of AC or AR (Pedons 1, 2 and 6) and ABC (Pedons 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8) profiles. The soils were shallow to very deep in depth, very dark grayish brown to dark brown in colour, sandy clay loam to clay in texture and had sub-angular blocky, angular blocky and crumb structure. The clay content decreased with depth in pedons1and 7. Pedons 3, 4, 6 and 7 showed no specific trend with depth. Physical constants like water holding capacity, loss on ignition and xv volume expansion followed the trend of clay content. All pedons exhibited an irregular trend of bulk density with depth, corresponding to decreasing organic carbon content with depth. The pedons were slightly alkaline to alkaline in reaction, non-saline and low to medium in organic carbon. All the pedons registered medium to high CaCO3 status. CEC values were low to medium and exchange complex was dominated by Ca+2 followed by Mg+2, Na+ and K+. Chemical composition of soils revealed that all the pedons had high silica content indicating siliceous nature. Regarding nutrient status, the soils were low to medium in available nitrogen, medium to high in available phosphorus, low to high in available potassium and high in available sulphur. However, soils were deficient in available iron and sufficient in available zinc (except in pedon 4 and subsurface horizons of pedon 3), copper and manganese. Based on morphological, physical, physico-chemical, mineralogical and meteorological data, the soils of Chennur mandal were classified as: Pedon 1: Fine, siliceous, isohyperthermic Lithic Ustorthent Pedon 2: Fine-loamy, siliceous, isohyperthermic Typic Ustorthent Pedon 3: Fine-loamy,smectitic, isohyperthermic Typic Haplustept Pedon 4: Fine,smectitic, isohyperthermicVertic Haplustept Pedon 5: Fine-loamy, smectitic, isohyperthermic Typic Haplustept Pedon 6: Fine-loamy,siliceous,isohyperthermic Typic Ustifluvent Pedon 7: Fine,smectitic,isohyperthermic Typic Haplustept Pedon 8: Fine,smectitic, isohyperthermic Vertic Haplustept Based on the soil properties, the soils of the Chennur mandal have been classified into land capability classes and sub-classes viz., IIw (Pedon 5), IIs (Pedon 8), IIIs (Pedon 1), IIIse (Pedons 2, 4 and 6), IIIwe (Pedon 3), IVew (Pedons 7). The soil-site suitability evaluation of study area revealed that pedons1, 2 and 6 were marginally suitable (S3) for rice and temporarily not suitable (N1) for groundnut and bajra, pedons 3 and 7 were marginally suitable (S3) for rice and bajra and temporarily not suitable (N1) for groundnut, pedons 4 and 8 were marginally suitable (S3) for rice, groundnut andbajra, pedon 5 was temporarily not suitable (N1) for rice, groundnut and bajra and pedon 6 was marginally suitable (S3) for rice and temporarily not suitable (N1) for groundnut and bajra.
Open Access
EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PEARL MILLET
(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) BHANU PRASAD REDDY, S; NAGA MADHURI, K.V.
An experiment was conducted on sandy loam soils of S.V. Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati (A.P.) during kharif, 2013 in a randomized block design with eight treatments (nutrient management practices) viz., Control (no fertilizers) (T1), 60 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1 (RDF) (T2), 80 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1 (T3), 100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1 (T4), 60 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1 (T5), 80 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1 (T6), 100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1 (T7) and Application of N, P2O5 and K2O based on Soil Test Values (78 kg N ha-1 + 21 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 14 kg K2O ha-1) (T8). These treatments were replicated thrice. The pearl millet hybrid PHB-3 was tested with an inter and intra row spacing of 45 cm x 15 cm to find out its nutrient requirement. The recommended dose of fertilizer (100 % RDF) was 60 N + 30 P2O5 + 20 K2O kg ha-1. The entire quantity of P and K and half of N were applied at the time of planting while the remaining half of N was applied at 30 Days after transplanting (DAT). Nutrient management practices significantly influenced the growth characters (plant height and dry matter production at different stages of crop growth), yield (grain and straw), grain quality parameters (total protein, total amino acid and total carbohydrate content), nutrient content and uptake (N, P and K) by straw and grain at different stages of crop growth and soil fertility status after harvest. The growth parameters viz., plant height was maximum with T4 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1) and dry matter production, was maximum with T7 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1).While lowest values were observed with T1 (control) for plant height and dry matter production. Significantly highest grain and straw yields were obtained with T7 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1) which was on par with T4 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1). The lowest grain and straw yields were obtained with control (T1). The maximum value of harvest index was noticed with T4 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1), while minimum was observed with T1 (control). In case of grain quality parameters, the highest contents of total protein, total amino acid and total carbohydrate were recorded with T7 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1) which was followed by T4 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1). The lowest content was obtained with T1 (control). With respect to the content and uptake of nutrients by the crop, the highest content and uptake of N, P and K were recorded with T7 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1). The least content and uptake of N, P and K was recorded with T1 (control). In grain, the highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake was recorded with T7 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1) and the least was recorded with T1 (control). After harvest, at 0-15 cm soil depth, maximum values of available N was noticed with T7 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1) and highest available P was observed with T5 (60 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1) while the highest available K content was with T4 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1). Whereas at 15-30 cm soil depth, maximum values of available N and P were noticed with T7 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1) while the highest available K content was with T4 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1). The highest B : C ratio was recorded with T4 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1) which was on par with T7 (100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1). The lowest B : C ratio was noticed with T1 (control). Based on the above results, it may be concluded that for higher production with good grain quality, pearl millet crop has to be supplied with 100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 40 kg K2O ha-1. However, for optimum and economic production, application of 100 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 20 kg K2O ha-1 can be recommended. Based on results, application of fertilizers based on Soil Test Values also resulted good yields with compared B : C ratio but lower than T4 and T7. This shows that the present RDF has to be changed for optimizing the yields.

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

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