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Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur (AP)

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2015 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON HOST PLANT RESISTANCE IN GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES AGAINST GELECHIIDAE INSECT PESTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEAF BUD BORER, Anarsia ephippias (Meyrick)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2015) PEERU SAHEB, Y; Dr. K.V.HARI PRASAD
    The present investigations on “Studies on host plant resistance in groundnut genotypes against gelechiidae insect pests with special reference to leaf bud borer, Anarsia ephippias (Meyrick)” was carried out at dryland farm, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. Seasonal incidence of gelechiidae insect pests (groundnut leaf miner and leaf bud borer), was studied on three popular genotypes of groundnut viz., K-6, Narayani and Dharani. Correlation study was done by taking into consideration the means of weather parameters of 2 weeks preceding the SMW and correlated with weekly observations of incidence of gelechiidae insect pest complex. The results indicated that leaf bud borer incidence on popular genotypes of groundnut (Dharani+K6+ Narayani) was negatively correlated with Max T, Min T, SS hours and rainfall, positively correlated with RH-I, RH-II, Mean RH and W. V. Kmph. The correlation studies with groundnut leaf miner indicated that GLM infestation was negatively correlated with Max T, Min T, W. V. Kmph, rainfall and positively correlated with RH-I, RH-II, Mean RH and SS hours. From the results of screening experiment the genotypes ASK-2013-1, K-1563 and TCGS-894 were ranked as highly resistant, TCGS-1156 and K-1628 were ranked as moderately resistant and Narayani and K-6 were ranked as susceptible towards their reaction leaf bud borer. Genotypes TCGS-894 and TCGS-1097 were ranked as highly resistant, ASK-2013-1 was ranked as moderately resistant and Narayani, K-1563, K-4 and Dharani were ranked as susceptible towards their reaction to groundnut leaf miner. Results from the studies on biology of leaf bud borer indicated that except for the incubation period, no significant differences were observed in the biological characters of leaf bud borer, also the results of investigation on the ovipositional and larval preference infer that no significant differences were observed among the test genotypes in terms of number of eggs laid and larval orientation. Correlation with physical characters of groundnut genotypes tested for their reaction to leaf bud borer revealed that the trichomes and leaf thickness had shown significant negative correlation with fifth instar duration and chlorophyll content was significantly positively correlated with total life span. Correlation with biochemical constituents revealed that proteins had significant negative correlation with incubation period and fifth instar duration; phenols showed a significant positive correlation with fifth instar duration; reducing sugars showed positive correlation with incubation period, fifth instar duration, and a negative significant correlation with post-oviposition period. Results from the studies on the biology of groundnut leaf miner showed significant difference with the biological parameters fourth instar duration, fifth instar duration, total larval duration and total life span; results of investigation of the ovipositional and larval preference shows a significant difference among the genotypes in terms of number of eggs laid and larval orientation. Correlation with physical characters of groundnut genotypes tested for their reaction to leaf miner revealed that the trichomes had shown negative correlation with incubation period, third instar duration, fourth instar duration, total larval duration and total life span; thickness had shown negative correlation with incubation period, fourth instar duration, total larval duration and total life span; chlorophyll had not shown any significant correlation with any characters. Correlation with biochemical constituents of groundnut genotypes tested for their reaction to leaf miner revealed that the proteins had shown significant negative correlation with incubation period, fourth instar duration, fifth instar duration, and total larval duration and total life span; phenols showed significant positive correlation with third instar duration, fourth instar duration, fifth instar duration, total larval duration and total life span; reducing sugars showed significant positive correlation with incubation period and total life span.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SPECIES DIVERSITY AND MANAGEMENT OF ROOT GRUBS IN GROUNDNUT CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RAYALASEEMA REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) SUNIL KUMAR, KORRAPATI; MURALI KRISHNA, T
    The present studies on “Species diversity and management of root grubs in groundnut cropping systems in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh” were carried out at laboratory and experimental farm, Agricultural Research Station, Utukur, Kadapa during kharif, 2014 and 2015. Survey and exploration of root grub species, biology, taxonomic identification of species collected, estimation of damage caused by predominant root grub and management of predominant root grub with different insecticides as seed treatment and soil application were studied. Scarabaeidae beetles collected from the light traps installed in major groundnut growing tracts of Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2014 and 2015 consisted of seventeen species under nine genera of three subfamilies viz., Melolonthinae, Rutelinae and Dynastinae. Out of 1557 adult beetles collected 67.22 per cent belonged to subfamily Melolonthinae followed by Dynastinae (17.72%) and Rutelinae (15.06%). Holotrichia reynaudi (34.19%) was the predominant species followed by Phyllognathus dionysius (17.53%), Holotrichia serrata (16.34%), Brahmina mysoorensis (9.05%) and Anomola dorsalis (8.83%) associated with groundnut in Rayalaseema region. The studies on species diversity and relative abundance of Pleurosticti scarabaeidae revealed higher species diversity, richness and evenness in Melolonthinae followed by Rutelinae and Dynastinae. The alpha diversity and species richness were high in Chittoor district followed by YSR Kadapa, Kurnool and Ananthapuramu. The species evenness was high in Kurnool followed by Chittoor, YSR Kadapa and Ananthapuramu. All the grubs collected during roving surveys in groundnut fields were reared to adults. The highest number of H. reynaudi (45.61%) adults emerged from the grub collection followed by P. dionysius (16.89%), B. mysorensis (11.49%), H. serrata (7.77%) and A. dorsalis (1.35%). xviii H. reynaudi and H. serrata were the most predominant species in YSR Kadapa and Kurnool districts whereas in Chittoor, Brahmina mysorensis and H. reynaudi were abundant. Phyllognathus dionysius is reported for the first time as major species in Ananthapuramu district of Andhra Pradesh. Schizonycha impressa, Anomola ruficapilla, Adoretus flavus, Adoretus fusiceps and Allisonotum piceum are also reported for the first time in groundnut ecosystem of Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. Seasonal incidence of root grub beetle catches in light trap installed at Agricultural Research Station, Utukur during kharif, 2015 revealed that, emergence started during third week of May (20th Standard Week) with pre-monsoon shower. Peak emergence of H. reynaudi was reported in fourth week of June (25th Standard Week) and peak emergence of H. serrata was observed in last week of August (34th Standard Week). Light trap catches of adult beetles of H. reynaudi and H. serrata showed significant positive relationship with evening relative humidity and rainy days whereas maximum temperature and minimum temperature exhibited negative influence. Influence of all weather parameters on adult population of H. reynaudi and H. serrata trapped in the light trap was 65.0 and 71.2 per cent respectively. Studies on the biology of the root grub, H. reynaudi revealed that each female laid 18.68 ± 3.77 eggs with 76.95 ± 10.55 per cent of hatchability. The duration of I, II and II instars were 15.40 ± 0.52, 17.36 ± 0.36 and 33.84 ± 0.55 days respectively. Total grub period was 66.62 ± 0.48 days. The total life cycle from egg to adult lasted for 114.81 ± 1.16 days under laboratory conditions. The average mating period was recorded as 48 minutes and the average sex ratio of male to female was 1:1.30. Morphological and taxonomic traits for identification of major root grub species H. reynaudi, H. serrata, B. mysoorensis, P. dionysius were studied and described. Diagnostic keys were developed for identification of white grub species associated with groundnut ecosystem in Rayalaseema region, Andhra Pradesh. Estimation of damage caused by root grub, H. reynaudi in groundnut sown on three different dates revealed that, in June II FN sown crop, the average per cent plant mortality m-2, number of grubs m-2 in unprotected and protected plots were 23.36%, 2.23 grubs m-2 and 6.20%, 0.39 grubs m-2 respectively. In July FN sown they were 21.20%, 2.08 grubs m-2 and 5.41%, 0.37 grubs m-2 and in July II FN sown crop they were 20.46%, 1.95 grubs m-2 and 5.14%, 0.34 grubs m-2. The pod yield in June II FN sown unprotected and protected plot was 1063.50 kg ha-1 and 1680.50 kg ha-1, in July I FN sown, it was 1148.50 kg ha-1 and 1745 kg ha-1 and in July II FN sown, it was 1175 kg ha-1 and 1771 kg ha-1. In June II FN sown crop, the per cent loss in yield was higher (36.74%) followed by July I FN sown plot (34.19%) and July II FN sown plot (33.65%). Evaluation of different insecticides as seed treatment and soil application against root grub, H. reynaudi in groundnut conducted in microplots revealed that all the insecticides were statistically superior over untreated check (36.31% cumulative plant mortality and 65 kg ha-1 pod yield). Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 2 ml + 2 ml water per kg seed was found to be best treatment with lowest cumulative per cent plant mortality per plot of 3.26%, highest per cent protection over control 91.03%, with highest costbenefit ratio of 1:1.61 and highest pod yield of 1613 kg ha-1.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF VARIETIES AND ECOFRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF BRINJAL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER, Leucinodes orbonalis, GUENEE
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) UMAMAHESH, S; MANJULA, K
    The different experiments on “Evaluation of varieties and eco-friendly management of insect pests of brinjal with special reference to shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis, Guenee were carried out during late kharif 2015-16 in insectary premises, department of entomology, S.V. agricultural college, Tirupati. Among tested varieties and hybrids of brinjal for insect pests, the shoot damage by Leucinodes orbonalis ranged from 4.06 to 15. 37 per cent. The lower shoot damage was recorded in Arka Neelakanth (4.06%), CVK (4.66%), Shyamala (5.30%), PHB909 (6.06%) and Arka Keshav (6.46%). Name of the Author : S.UMAMAHESH Title of thesis : “EVALUATION OF VARIETIES AND ECOFRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF BRINJAL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER, Leucinodes orbonalis, GUENEE.” Degree to which it is submitted : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE Faculty : AGRICULTURE Major field : ENTOMOLOGY Chairperson : Dr. K. MANJULA University : ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2016 The mean fruit damage comparatively was less in hybrid Shyamala, Arka Neelakanth. In these two lines, on number basis, the mean per cent damaged fruits were 23 to 26 per cent. On weight basis also, similar results were obtained (22 to 23 % mean fruit damage). The highest mean fruit damage was recorded in CVK variety (65.83% on number basis and 59.55% on weight basis) followed by Ranjitha hybrid and Arka Kusumakar variety (58 to 59% and 53 to 57% on number and weight basis respectively) at 100 days after transplanting. In remaining lines also, above 35 per cent fruit damage was recorded. Plant height, number of branches, leaves and leaf area did not show any impact on the damage by L. orbonalis. Density of trichomes was found to have negative impact on L. orbonalis. The highest number of trichomes (201 per cm2 leaf area) was recorded on Shyamala. The lowest were in Arka Kusumakar which was highly susceptible one. However, in many of the tested lines, above 150 trichomes/cm2 leaf area were noted. Moderate level of incidence of epilachna beetle, leafhoppers, aphids and mealy bugs was recorded. L. orbonalis incidence was negatively correlated with minimum temperature, Relative humidity, sunshine hours and wind velocity. L. orbonalis incidence was positively correlated with maximum temperature. Among the ten ecofriendly approaches tested against L. orbonalis on CVK variety, application of FYM or vermicompost or neemcake + removal of infested shoots and fruits at regular intervals + one spray of spinosad recorded lower shoot and fruit infestation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRICS OF CIGARETTE BEETLE, Lasioderma serricorne (FABRICIUS) ON FENNEL AND CORIANDER AND ITS MANAGEMENT USING MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE WITH CO2 AND TEMPERATURE
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) SUNEETHAMMA, K; HARI PRASAD, K.V.
    Investigations were carried out on “Biology and morphometrics of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) on fennel and coriander and its management using modified atmosphere with CO2 and temperature” during 2015-16 at Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati; Institute of Frontier Technology, RARS, Tirupati and Agricultural Research Station, Rekulakunta, Anantapuram. The durations of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars were 8.42, 6.90, 7.60, 7.73 days and 6.31, 6.60, 6.90, 7.93 days when insects reared on coriander and fennel, respectively. The total larval duration, pupal duration and adult longevity were shorter (27.83, 12.26 and 12.93) when insects reared on coriander than that of fennel (28.90, 12.63 and 13.19 days). The oviposition potential of the female insects reared on coriander was 62 eggs and on fennel it was 56 eggs per female. Between the two food materials tested, coriander provided the highest percent survival (73.33%) of L. serricorne, from 1st instar to pupa whereas it was 66.66 per cent on fennel. The male to female ratio was worked out to be 1:1.44 on coriander whereas on fennel it was 1:1.33. The head capsule of both 1st and 2nd instar grubs were not significantly different (0.109, 0.153 mm and 0.109, 0.157 mm) when they were reared on coriander and fennel, respectively. However, for 3rd and 4th instar grubs, the head capsule width was more (0.239 and 0.434 mm) on coriander as against the head capsule width of grubs when reared on fennel (0.227 and 0.331 mm) were statistically significant. xv The mortality response of various life stages of cigarette beetle, L. serricorne to graded CO2 concentrations revealed that among the all life stages tested, pupal stage was found to be the most tolerant followed by late instar, egg, adult, middle instar and early instar grubs. The LC50 values for egg, early instars, middle instars, late instars, pupa and adult were 32.855, 29.029, 31.842, 37.388, 41.768 and 32.526 concentrations of CO2, respectively after 24 h of exposure period. The LT50 and LT99 values at LC50 were 19.165, 18.015, 18.410, 17.977, 16.748, 19.097 h and 51.431, 39.564, 45.223, 45.637, 41.431, 43.923 h for egg, early instars, middle instars, late instars, pupa and adult, respectively. The results obtained from mortality response of various life stages of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne exposed to various temperature levels indicated that all the life stages viz., egg, early instar, middle instar, late instar, pupa and adult were susceptible to low temperature at -5°C. Among all the life stages tested, eggs and early instars were susceptible to temperatures of 0°C and 5°C. Middle instars, late instars, pupa and adult were not susceptible to these temperatures. There was no effect on various life stages of cigarette beetle, at 15°C, 25°C and 35°C temperatures. At LTemp99 (5°C) of eggs stage of L. serricorne, LT50 and LT99 was 12.43 h and 28.54 h, respectively. At LTemp99 (5°C) of early instar grubs of L. serricorne, LT50 and LT99 was 12.09 h and 29.41 h, respectively. The LT50 and LT99 for middle instars of L. serricorne at -5°C were 45.78 and 102.54 h, respectively. The LT50 and LT99 for late instars of L. serricorne at -5°C were 66.22 and 121.54 h, respectively. The LT50 and LT99 for pupa of L. serricorne at -5°C were 85.23 and 152.60 h, respectively. At LTemp99 (-5°C) of adult L. serricorne, LT50 and LT99 was 13.56 h and 32.47 h, respectively. The results of the present investigations indicate the tolerance of various life stages of L. serricorne as; pupae > late instars > middle instars > adult > early instars > egg (most tolerant to least tolerant) to low temperatures.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPATIBILITY OF NEWER INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES AND THEIR EFFECT ON MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES OF RICE
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) PULLAM RAJU, K; RAJASEKHAR, P
    The present studies were carried out in the laboratory of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nellore and field studies at Agricultural Research Station, Nellore during rabi, 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 with an objective to evaluate physical compatibility, phytotoxic incompatibility and bio-efficacy of pesticides combinations against pests and diseases of rice. The physical compatibility of five insecticides viz., flubendiamide, rynaxypyr, cartap hydrochloride, buprofezin and profenophos and three fungicides viz., tricyclazole, hexaconazole and propiconazole along with pH were evaluated with jar compatibility test. Out of the 15 combinations of insecticides and fungicides tested, neither foaming nor sedimentation occurred indicating that all the 15 combinations were physically compatible. The pH of pesticide combinations slightly varied with some combinations, showing slightly alkaline reaction, some showing slightly acidic reaction, while remaining neutral in reaction. The phytotoxic incompatibility due to combination of insecticides and fungicides on rice showed no phytotoxic symptoms such as injury to leaf tip, yellowing, wilting, necrosis, vein clearing, epinasty and hyponasty of leaves. Name of the author K. PULLAM RAJU Title of the thesis “Compatibility of newer insecticides and fungicides and their effect on major insect pests and diseases of rice” Degree to which it is submitted Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture Faculty Agriculture Department Entomology Chairperson Dr. P. RAJASEKHAR University Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Year of submission 2015 The bio-efficacy of insecticide and fungicide combinations against leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas revealed that the insecticides flubendiamide and rynaxypyr were highly effective against these pests and their combinations with fungicides in no way undermined the efficacy when mixed indicating their compatibility. The per cent disease index (PDI) of leaf and neck blast was effectively reduced by tricyclazole, while sheath blight and stem rot were effectively controlled by hexaconazole and propiconazole. Even the combination with insecticides does not reduce the effectiveness indicating compatible reaction. The detrimental effects of insecticides, fungicides and their combinations were tested by observing most occurring predators like spiders and coccinellid beetles, which revealed that straight and combination treatments had no effect on natural enemies population. The most effective treatments of insecticide and fungicide namely, flubendiamide, rynaxypyr, flubendiamide + tricyclazole, flubendiamide + hexaconazole, flubendiamide + propiconazole, rynaxypyr + tricyclazole, rynaxypyr + hexaconazole and rynaxypyr + propiconazole along with herbicide, cyhalofop-Butyl were tested for physical compatibility, phytotoxic incompatibility and bio-efficacy under field conditions, which revealed that they were highly compatible with no phytotoxic effects.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INSECT PEST COMPLEX OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EMERGING PEST, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) DURING rabi SEASON
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) NARESH, T; RAMAKRISHNA RAO, A
    The present investigation on “Studies on insect pest complex of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with special reference to emerging pest, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) during rabi season” was carried out in Department of Entomology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. The Experiment was conducted during rabi, 2015-2016. Afield experiment was laid out to study insect pest incidence in groundnut varieties (Dharani and K-6) with special reference to M. vitrata at 4 dates of sowing Nov II FN, Dec I FN, Dec II FN and Jan I FN during rabi 2015-16. Result indicated that M. vitrata incidence was high in D1 and D2scown crop where as it was totally absent in D3 and D4 sown groundnut. Between the two varieties i.e. infestation observed in Dharani and K-6 was ranged from 0.89 to 17.25 and 0.66 to 13.78 per cent respectively. The damage was comparatively high on Dharani as it was ranged from 7.60 to 17.25 per cent during 3rd to 9th standard weeks. Similarly incidence of S. litura recorded more infestation in D1 and D2 sown crop and it was ranged from 0.32 to 20.22 and 0.2 to 28.14 per cent in Dharani and K-6. Comparatively infestation was more in K-6 and it was ranged from 12.82 to 28.14 during the 50th standard week of 2015 to 6th standard week of 2016. Incidence of leaf miner was more in D3 and D4 sown crop compared with D1 and D2 sown crop and it was ranged from 15.54 to 38.46 and 15.48 to 41.59 in Dharani ad K-6 varieties respectively. Thrips damage was more in all the dates of sowings and the infestation ranged from 0.34 to 29.47 and 0.63 to 28.45 in Dharani and K-6 respectively, infestation was high during the 4th to 15th standard week. There is no much difference between two varieties with respect to thrips damage. Survey on M. vitrata incidence in groundnut was conducted during rabi 2015-16 in eastern parts of Chittoor and Nellore districts. The result revealed that there was not much variation in M. vitrata incidence levels in the surveyed areas of both Chittoor and Nellore districts i.e. 11.12 ± 1.56 and 11.82 ± 1.49 respectively. Four groundnut cultivars were majorly grown in the two districts Chittoor and Nellore districts i.e.. mainly Dharani, K-6, TAG-24 and JL- 24. Out of these Dharani occupied 40-55 per cent , K-6 30-35 per cent, TAG-24 5-20 per cent and JL-24 5 to 10 per cent in Chittoor and Nellore districts. From the survey data it was found that majority of the farmers preferred insecticide chlorpyriphos which ranged from 40 to 45 per cent followed by novaluron + indoxacarb from 15 to 20 per cent, emamectin benzoate 10 to 15 per cent, novaluron 10 to 15 per cent and quinalphos 5 to 10 per cent for spraying against M. vitrata infestation in Chittoor and Nellore districts, respectively. A screening trial was laid out with twenty one genotypes and four checks of groundnut for their reaction against the spotted pod borer (M.vitrata) in the dryland farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during rabi, 2015-2016. The results revealed that the genotypes viz., ICGV-86368, K-9, TAGS-1426 and CS-19 have showed less infestation of M. vitrata. The genotypes viz., Dharani, Kadiri-6 (K-6), Narayani and TCGS-1543 have recorded high per cent of infestation. Infestation of M. vitrata on groundnut positively correlated with (r = 0.43) with specific leaf area and negatively correlated (r = -0.48) with SPAD Chlorophyll meter readings at 60 DAS.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATES AND FORMULATION MEDIA ON VIABILITY AND VIRULENCE OF Nomuraea rileyi (FARLOW) SAMSON
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) MENAKA KANNAIYAN; MANJULA, K
    Eight agricultural substrates were evaluated for the growth and sporulation of Nomuraea rileyi in the Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during 2015-16. Sorghum and bajra substrates recorded comparatively higher sporulation of 2.4 × 109 spores gm-1 and 2.1 × 109 spores gm-1and they were selected as the best substrates for the preparation of formulations. Radish, cluster beans and minipotato bits yielded 1.5 × 109 spores gm-1, 0.7 × 109 spores gm-1 and 0.9 × 109 spores gm-1 respectively. Citrus peel powder, groundnut shell powder and maize straw bits recorded nil sporulation of N.rileyi. Dry formulations with carriers such as talc, charcoal, corn flour, soybean flour and oil formulations with sunflower oil, groundnut oil, mustard oil, liquid paraffin, baby oil and heavy grade mineral oil were prepared with the sorghum and bajra substrate- spore mix. The formulations were stored at 22ºC for the evaluation at intervals. xiii Among the dry and oil formulations prepared from sorghum substrate- spore mix at the concentration of 105 spores ml-1, talc and liquid paraffin recorded highest viability after 180 days of storage from 55-58 per cent followed by heavy grade mineral oil formulation and baby oil formulation (53-57 per cent). Charcoal, corn flour, soybean flour, sunflower oil, groundnut oil and mustard oil formulations retained the viability of spores from 40-50 per cent. When the formulations were tested for the virulence of N.rileyi against the third instar S.litura larvae at ten days interval upto 6 months, talc and liquid paraffin formulations resulted in giving higher mortalities at 1× 108 spores ml-1 concentration (60 -75 per cent of larval mortalities). The mortalities gradually reduced with the duration of the storage. At six months after storage, 17-26 per cent larval mortalities were obtained in the above two formulations with the concentration ranging from 1× 108 to 1× 105 spores ml-1. The next best formulation was heavy grade mineral oil. Comparatively low mortalities were obtained with mustard oil and groundnut oil. Among the dry formulations, talc was superior in maintaining the viability and virulence of N.rileyi. Mineral oils i.e. liquid paraffin, heavy grade mineral oil and baby oil were found suitable and selected for N.rileyi storage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON POPULATION DENSITY AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDNUT LEAF MINER, Aproaerema modicella Deventer WITH NANO SCALE NSKE FORMULATIONS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) LAKSHMINARAYANA, U; VENKATESWARLU, N.C.
    The present investigations on “Studies on population density and management of groundnut leaf miner, Aproaerema modicella Deventer with nano scale NSKE formulations” were carried out at dryland farm, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati and IFT, RARS, Tirupati. Seasonal incidence of groundnut leaf miner was studied with four dates of sowing and pheromone traps. The results indicated that incidence of leaf miner was high when the crop was sown in August compared to June and July months. Correlation studies were done by taking into consideration the standard week-wise weather parameters with two weeks lag and correlated with weekly observations of incidence of groundnut leaf miner in terms of mining and webbed leaves as well as number of larvae. Results indicated that the incidence of leaf miner and webbed leaves were negatively correlated with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine hours and rainfall, while positively correlated with morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity. The correlation studies with groundnut leaf miner indicated that groundnut leaf miner infestation was positively correlated with maximum temperature, minimum temperature and negatively correlated with morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity, rainfall and sunshine hours. The studies on pheromone trap catches of groundnut leaf miner indicated that positive correlation with maximum temperature, morning relative humidity, rainfall, rainy days, sunshine hours while negative xiv correlation with minimum temperature and evening relative humidity. Among the seven weather parameters, minimum temperature (-0.573), evening relative humidity (-0.477) showed significant negative influence on moth catches but morning relative humidity (0.493) showed significant positive influence on moth catches of A. modicella. Synthesized zinc and silver nanoparticles containing were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Particle size and Zeta potential analyzer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). Among all the nano treated NSKE (neem seed kernel extract) formulations the zinc oxide and silver nitrate solution treated with different concentrations of NSKE showed the spectrum absorbance peak of zinc oxide nanoparticles at 265 nm for 5 g of neem seed kernel extract, 272 nm for 10 g, 278 nm for 20 g, 280 nm for 30 g and 284 nm for 50 g of neem seed kernel extract and silver recorded maximum absorbance peak at 400 nm. The studies on management of groundnut leaf miner was conducted during kharif, 2015 with nano scale Zn coated NSKE formulations. Different concentrations of nano scale Zn coated NSKE treatments were used i.e. nano scale (Zn) coated NSKE formulations @ 5 g/l, nano scale (Zn) NSKE formulations @ 10 g/l, nano scale (Zn) NSKE formulations @ 20 g/l, nano scale (Zn) NSKE formulations @ 30 g/l, and nano scale NSKE formulations @ 50 g/l, without nano scale NSKE formulations @ 50 g/l, quinalphos @ 2.0 ml/l, only silver nano particles @ 100 ppm. The efficacy of all treatments were evaluated at different stages. Results revealed that nano scale (Zn) coated NSKE formulation @ 30 g/l was found to be most effective treatment followed by nano scale NSKE formulations @ 50 g/l, quinalphos @ 2.0 ml/l, only silver nanoparticles @ 50 g/l, nano scale (Zn) NSKE formulations @ 20 g/l for management of groundnut leaf miner damage and also reduction of A. modicella larval population.
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    STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL, TAXONOMIC AND MOLECULAR VARIATIONS AND MANAGEMENT OF CITRUS BUTTERFLY, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) IN ACID LIME.
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) JAHNAVI, M; RAMAKRISHNA RAO, A
    The study entitled “Studies on morphological, taxonomic and molecular variations and management of citrus butterfly, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in acid lime" with field experiments was conducted during April 2015-March 2016 at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Fruits (Citrus), Tirupati to document the seasonal incidence of citrus butterfly and their management. Laboratory studies pertaining to molecular characterization of citrus butterfly and morphological, taxonomical characters were undertaken at Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The studies on seasonal incidence of citrus butterfly, Papilio demoleus L. on acid lime revealed that maximum temperature (-0.385) showed negative significant association and evening relative humidity (0.497) showed positive significant association with butterfly larval population in citrus during 2015-16. Regression analysis of the citrus butterfly incidence during April 2015-March 2016 indicated that all the weather parameters i.e., maximum temperature, minimum temperature, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity, rainfall, rainy days, sunshine hours and wind speed together influenced citrus butterfly incidence to the extent of 48.5 per cent (R2=0.485) and regression equation models developed were Y = -41.152 -(1.068) Max Temp -(0.688) Min Temp + (0.002) Mor RH + (0.381) Eve RH + (0.030) Rf + (1.227) Rd - (0.347) Ssh + (0.585) Ws respectively. Morphological and taxonomic studies of citrus butterfly, Papilio demoleus L. were carried out on acid lime. The mean duration of the different stages viz., the egg period of 2.87 days, larval period of 17.53 days, pre-pupal period of 1.04 days, pupal period of 9.01 days, female adult longevity period of 6.75 days and male longevity period of 3.81 days respectively. Fertilised adult female laid single eggs which were creamy yellow, flattened at the base, smooth and spherical in outline. During the period of larval development, five instars were observed. The newly hatched caterpillars were less spiny, cylindrical in shape, light brown to brownish black with dirty white marking on the dorsal side of the abdomen and resembled the bird droppings in appearance. At fourth instar larvae, it had two red coloured sacs or osmeteria opening in the first thoracic segment dorsally at the anterior position. The pupa was initially green in colour and at the time of adult emergence it turned to brown colour. The adult fore wings were black. At the outer edge there was a chain of yellow spots. Next to the body there were four chains of little yellow spots. There were some other yellow spots at the rest of the wing. The underside of P. demoleus was very similar to the upperside. Next to the body there were four yellow lines. The hind wings of P. demoleus were black. The edge was wavy. Next to the body the wing was spotted by yellow scales. The wing was dominated by a broad, yellow band. This band contained a big eye. At the outer edge there were five yellow spots. At the inner edge there was a red eye-spot. The underside is similar to the upside. Tail on hind wing vein M3 was rudimentary or very short, less than twice as long as those of neighbouring veins. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a rapid and sensitive technique in genetic diversity analysis of insect pests. Fifteen arbitrary primers (OPA 01, 05, 07, 13, 14, 15 OPC 08, 15 OPE 02, 06, 08 OPAA 16 OPAB 11, 12 and 18) were used for RAPD analysis and generated scorable PCR products by amplifying the template DNA with Taq polymerase. The RAPD products generated a total of 162 fragments with an average of 10.8 fragments per primer and the fragments were found 100% polymorphic. The maximum number of polymorphic bands (12) were obtained with primer OPE-02, OPE-08 and minimum number (6) were obtained with primer OPAB-18 and OPA-14. OPA-01, 05, 07, 13, 15; OPC 15; OPAB 11, 12, 18 showed 100 per cent polymorphism, OPC 15 exhibited 92.30 per cent polymorphism, OPC 08 depicted 90.90 per cent polymorphism, OPA 14 and OPE 08 displayed 85.71 per cent polymorphism, OPE 06 showed 80 per cent polymorphism and OPAA 16 exhibited 70 per cent polymorphism. The similarity index values obtained for each pair wise comparision among the 9 citrus butterfly population (C1, C2, C3, N1, N2, N3, K1, K2 and K3) based on 162 RAPD fragments ranged from 250bp to 3.0kb. The maximum genetic similarity value was 0.730 between K3 and K1 followed by 0.679 between C3 and C2. The lowest genetic similarity value of 0.318 was found between citrus population of K2 and N2. Generation of higher number of markers or alleles in the present study indicated higher amount of genetic diversity among different populations of citrus butterfly. Among the fifteen primers, nine primers showed 100 per cent polymorphism with OPA-01, 05, 07, 13, 15, OPC 15, OPAB 11, 12, 18 in citrus butterfly population of Chittoor, Nellore and Kadapa districts. The evaluation of insecticides as foliar spray for the management of citrus butterfly and the data showed flubendiamide 480SC @ 0.2 ml/l, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 0.2g/l, spinosad 45 SC @ 0.37 ml/l, thiodicarb 75 WP @ 1.0 g/l and methomyl 40 SP@ 2g/l showed superiority over rest of the treatments and were on par with each other after 21 days of sprayings. Hence, it could be concluded that spraying of flubendiamide 480SC @ 0.2 ml/l, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 0.2g/l, spinosad 45 SC @ 0.37 ml/l, thiodicarb 75 WP @ 1.0 g/l and methomyl 40 SP@ 2g/l could be recommended to the farmers for effective management of the citrus butterfly larval population.
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