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Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur (AP)

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Crop Physiology × Author: MOHAMMED ANWAR ALI × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    VARIATION IN NUTRIENT UPTAKE, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) AS INFLUENCED BY HEAT STRESS AND BIO-INOCULANTS
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2023-11-30) MOHAMMED ANWAR ALI; K. JAYALALITHA
    The present investigation entitled “Variation in nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by heat stress and bio-inoculants” was undertaken at the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during two consecutive years of rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in split plot design, replicated thrice. There are four main treatments i.e. normal sowing (sown on December 20th - M1), and subsequent sowings at 20 days interval i.e. (moderately delayed sowing - M2) sown on January 10th, (delayed sowing - M3) sown on January 30th, and (extremely delayed sowing - M4) sown on February 20th, to expose the crop to delayed sowings induced heat stress and five sub-treatments with bio-inoculants i.e. (control/ no application of bio-inoculant (S1), Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi - AMF (S2), Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria - PSB (S3), Potassium Releasing Bacteria - KRB (S4), and combination of AMF+PSB+KRB (S5)). The results of the study revealed, significant differences among the main treatments, sub-treatments and their interactions. Accumulated Growing Degree Days (GDD) at maturity decreased in delayed sown crops as the crop experiences heat stress and tires to completes its life cycle early. Soil temperatures increased in delayed sowings, however application of bio-inoculants helped in maintaining the soil temperatures. Plant height decreased significantly under delayed sown conditions, and the decrease was 40 and 44 per cent in extremely delayed sown maize crop during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. Application of AMF+PSB+KRB in combination increased the plant height by 8.80 and 10.15 per cent, over the control plants in both the years. The extremely delayed sown maize crop that was applied xxi with AMF+PSB+KRB (M4S5) increased the plant height by 15.10 per cent, over no bio-inoculant application (M4S1). Leaf area was reduced drastically during both the years, due to heat stress (delayed sowings) and leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total drymatter were decreased by 31.82 and 44.10; 54.92 and 73.70; 75.99 and 94.51 and 77.51 and 107.80 per cent in extremely delayed sown crop during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively, over the normal sown crop. Among the bio-inoculant treatments, combined application of AMF+PSB+KRB increased the leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total drymatter by 20.17 and 22.18; 22.83 and 22.91; 29.94 and 24.88; 31.56 and 27.28 per cent over control plants during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. AMF application was next to best treatment in increasing the leaf area and leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total drymatter over control plants. Normal sown maize crop that was applied with AMF+PSB+KRB in combination (M1S5) recorded the highest values of above parameters and the lowest values were recorded by the extremely delayed sown crop without bio-inoculant application (M4S1). Under extremely delayed sown conditions, the maize crop that was applied with AMF+PSB+KRB in combination (M1S5) increased the leaf area and leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total drymater over the extremely delayed sown crop without bio-inoculant application (M4S1). Thermotolerance parameters such as MII, CSI, RLWC and canopy temperature varied significantly by heat stress. Higher MII was recorded by the extremely delayed sown crop compared to the normal sown crop, indicating increased lipid peroxidation under heat stress (delayed sowing) conditions. Application of AMF+PSB+KRB in combination decreased the MII and canopy temperature and improved the CSI and RLWC under extremely delayed sown conditions (heat stress conditions), application of AMF+PSB+KRB in combination under extremely delayed sown condition (M4S5) helped in minimizing the damage to the cellular membranes by recording lesser MII values and canopy temperatures, higher CSI and RLWC compared to the extremely delayed sown crop without bio-inocualnt application (M4S1), indicating the role of bio-inoculants in amelioration of heat stress especially under extremely delayed sown conditions. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were decreased in the extremely delayed sown maize crop by 86.47 and 95.09; 64.66 and 70.60; 24.82 and 29.20 per cent, during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively over the normal sown crop. Application of AMF+PSB+KRB exhibited superior performance in enhancing net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by 35.60 and 32.28, 18.76 and 17.22; 67.50 and 70.67 per cent, respectively over control plants. Maize crop applied with AMF+PSB+KRB in combination under extremely delayed sown condition (M4S5) increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate over untreated plants (M4S1). SOD and CAT activity were increased in maize due to extremely delayed sowing as compared to normal sowing. Protein content was reduced in the extremely delayed sown maize crop. Application of AMF+PSB+KRB in xxii combination under extremely delayed sown condition (M4S5) significantly increased the SOD and CAT activity, and protein contents as compared to the untreated plants (M4S1). Nutrient uptake (macro and micro nutrients) in maize crop decreased with the increase in heat stress due to extremely delayed sowing of maize which decreased macro nutrient (N, P and K) and, the micro nutrients uptake (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) over normal sown maize crop. Application of bio-inoculants increased both the macro and micro nutrient uptake in maize under normal and delayed sowings. The application of AMF+PSB+KRB in combination under delayed sown conditions of maize crop increased the macro nutrient (N, P and K) and the micro nutrient uptake (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) over extremely delayed sown crop without application of bio-inoculants during both the years. In extremely delayed sown maize crop, the number of kernels cob-1, test weight and kernel yield were decreased over the normal sown crop. Among the bio-inoculant treatments, application of AMF+PSB+KRB in combination increased the kernels per cob, test weight and kernel yield over the untreated plants. Under normal sown conditions, the maize crop that was applied with AMF+PSB+KRB (M1S5) recorded increase in seed yield over the crop without bio-inoculant application (M1S1), and the extremely delayed sown crop with bio-inoculant application (M4S5). Under extremely delayed sown conditions, application of AMF+PSB+KRB in combination (M4S5) increased the kernel yield over the extremely delayed sown crop without bio-inoculant application (M4S1). Application of AMF+PSB+KRB in combination under extremely delayed sown condition sown maize crop recorded higher harvest index compared to the crop without bio-inoculant application. According to the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the morpho- physiological, thermotolerance, photosynthetic parameters, nutrient uptake levels and yield and its components and quality parameters were drastically reduced in the extremely delayed sown maize crop, indicating the determinantal effect of heat stress under extremely delayed sown conditions. Application of AMF+PSB+KRB in combination could improve the growth, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and yield and its components of maize both under normal sown as well as in delayed sowings. AMF came in the second order in improving the above parameters. The use of AMF+PSB+KRB in combination especially under extremely delayed sown conditions, could alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on nutrient uptake (macro and micro), photosynthesis and yield of maize by improving the nutrient availability, thermotolerance capacity of the crop in terms of maintaining lesser MII, higher CSI, RLWC and lower canopy temperatures and higher activity of SOD and CAT which helped the maize crop to perform better under heat stress, due to delayed sowings.
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