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Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur (AP)

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Biotechnology and molecular Biology × Author: ISSA KEERTHI × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PRIORITIZATION AND VALIDATION OF CANDIDATE GENES FROM DATABASES OF QTLs GOVERNING ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-05-01) ISSA KEERTHI; Dr. V. LAKSHMI NARAYANA REDDY
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield is a complex trait and is controlled by several minor genes with small effects. Elucidation of the genetic architecture of the complexly inherited yield and its associated traits is essential for progressive rice improvement. To this end, it is a prelude to pinpointing the genes and their intrinsic regulatory networks. For the past two decades, several genomic regions or QTLs have been uncovered for important agronomic traits. However, due to their large confidence intervals, pinpointing their candidate genes becomes difficult and prevents them from deploying straight away into rice breeding. The present investigation aimed to prioritize the candidate genes underlying important QTLs governing various yield traits based on publicly available diverse multi-omics databases. In order to prioritize candidate genes, a pipeline has been developed. As per the pipeline, a total of 99 QTLs consisting of six QTLs for heading date, five for tiller number, three for panicle number, five for panicle length, nine for plant height, 25 for grain number, five for spikelet fertility, 18 for grain length, 12 for grain weight and 11 for yield were targeted for gene prioritization. Among the selected QTLs, the range of PVE is 10-43% while LOD is 3-53.71. In addition, the QTL, qSNP-4a (12.53Mb) has the longest confidence interval while the QTL qDTY1.1 has the shortest interval of 0.08Mb. The QTL qGRL7.1 (398) has more annotated genes while qGL-3a (8) has the least annotated genes within the QTL region. These targeted QTLs have been distributed on all chromosomes except chromosome 11. More QTLs i.e., 23 have been found to be located on chromosomes 1 and 3 while fewer are on chromosome 3 with 8 QTLs. In total, 206 candidate genes have been predicted for 99 QTLs governing 10 economically important yield traits. To be specific, for heading date 15 candidate genes from six QTLs, for plant height 15 candidate genes from nine QTLs, for tiller number 11 candidate genes from five QTLs, for panicle number eight candidate genes from three QTLs, for panicle length nine candidate genes from five QTLs, for spikelet fertility nine candidate genes from five QTLs, for grain weight 28 candidate genes from 12 QTLs, for grain length 31 candidate genes from 18 QTLs, for grain number 59 candidate genes from 25 QTLs and for yield 21 candidate genes from 11 QTLs were prioritized. Among the candidate genes, some of the important transcription factors were also identified such as MADS-box transcription factor, growth-regulating factor, WRKY34, helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain-containing protein, TCP family transcription factor, MYB family transcription factors, GRAS family transcription factor containing protein, auxin response factor, and nuclear transcription factor Y subunit. The role of the prioritized candidate genes is also predicted in already-known pathways of the targeted traits. To select the contrasting genotypes for the targeted traits, 102 diverse rice genotypes have been evaluated under field conditions and recorded data of the 10 economically important agronomic traits. Analysis of the variance of rice genotypes for yield traits revealed that there is a significant difference among all the genotypes suggesting considerable variability for the selection of contrasting rice genotypes. The majority of the traits have shown normal distribution except spikelet fertility and chaffy grains indicating that these traits are typical quantitative traits controlled by several genes with small effects. For validation of sequence variants from prioritized candidate genes, 22 primers have been designed for large frameshift mutations of 22 prioritized genes underlying 21 QTLs governing eight traits. Of them, 11 markers showed polymorphism, and 8 showed monomorphism while five markers were not amplified or produced inconsistent results in agarose gel electrophoresis. In general, none of the markers showed clear polymorphism between the contrasting rice genotype groups for the selected traits. However, few markers showed polymorphism between selected genotypes of the contrasting characters. The polymorphism witnessed between a few contrasting genotypes can be assumed as genotype-specific and therefore, these markers can be used for the marker-assisted improvement of the specific genotypes. Sequencing of the selected prioritized genes such as (LOC_Os04g22120) for the plant height QTL qPHT4-2, (LOC_Os03g28270) for the grain length QTL GL1 and (LOC_Os02g57290) for the panicle length QTL, pl2.1 revealed several sequence variations such as SNPs, multiple SNPs, insertions, and deletions. The gene expression analysis revealed significant fold changes in three predicted genes viz., LOC_Os03g28270 (Leucine Rich Repeat family protein) for the grain length QTL, GL1 LOC_Os06g16400 (helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain-containing protein) for the grain weight QTL, gw-6 and LOC_Os02g57290 (cytochrome P450) for the panicle length QTL, pl2.1. Interestingly, the genes GL1 (LOC_Os03g28270) and pl2.1 (LOC_Os02g57290) exhibited clear variations in both gene sequences and gene expression. Through the present investigation, it was obvious that it is possible to narrow down a large number of annotated genes in a QTL to very few numbers of the most probable candidates using the pipeline developed in the study. Based on the findings of the prioritization of candidate genes for QTLs based on multi-omics databases, validation of sequence, and gene expression, it is very obvious that the candidate genes are very specific to genotypes. In order to find the function of each prioritized candidate gene, their evolution and domestication have to be elucidated besides functional characterization through the development of mutants or overexpression lines or gene editing by CRISPR and marker-assisted breeding before being exploited in rice breeding. Employing the pipeline developed in the study, other crops as well as animal species can be targeted to dissect the causal genes from QTL regions
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