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Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur (AP)

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SWEET CORN
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) DIVYA SREE, B; RAO, A.S.
    A field experiment entitiled “Integrated nutrient management in sweet corn”. was conducted during rabi, 2013-14 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with seven treatments viz.,100% recommended NPK(120:60:60 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1) (T1), 75% NPK + 3 t FYM(T2), 50% NPK + 6 t FYM(T3), 75% NPK + 2.5 t Vermicompost(T4),50% NPK + 5 t Vermicompost(T5), 75% NPK + Azospirillum @ 2.5 kg ha-1(T6), 50% NPK + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1(T7) and replicated thrice. The experimental soil was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon(0.71%) and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, high in available potassium. Maximum plant height (97.5cm) was recorded with application of entire dose of recommended NPK through fertilizer (T1) which was on par with the application of 75% of the recommended dose through fertilizers along with vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (T4) and 75% recommended dose through fertilizers along with FYM 3 t ha-1 which was significantly superior over other treatments. Days taken to reach the stage of 50 per cent tasseling and silking was not significantly influenced by the integration of different organic and inorganic sources. Application of 100% RDF(T1) to sweet corn recorded the lowest percent of barrenness (6.0) and was on par with the treatment receiving 75% of the recommended dose through fertilizers along with vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1(6.7). Yield parameters viz., cobs per plant did not differ significantly among treatments while length of cob, number of grains per cob, no. of kernel rows per cob, grain weight per cob, test weight recorded were the highest when the crop was fertilized with entire dose of recommended NPK through fertilizers (T1), which was on par with 75% of the recommended dose through fertilizers along with vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (T4) and 75% recommended dose through fertilizers along with FYM 3 t ha-1(T2) and proved significantly superior to all other treatment combinations. Green cob yield and green fodder yield of sweet corn were highest with the application of entire dose of recommended NPK through fertilizers (T1). However, it was on par with that obtained at 75% of the recommended dose through fertilizers along with vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (T4)and 75% recommended dose through fertilizers along with FYM 3 t ha-1(T2).The harvest index was not significantly influenced by the treatments. The protein content did not differ significantly among the treatments whereas the sugar content proved to be significantly higher in treatment receiving 75% of the recommended dose through fertilizers along with vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (T4) which was on par with application of 100% RDF. Maximum N and K uptake were recorded with the application of recommended dose of chemical fertilisers which was on par with 75% of the recommended dose through fertilizers along with vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (T4) whereas the P uptake was high in case of 75% of the recommended dose through fertilizers along with vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (T4) Significantly higher soil available N, P and K were observed with the treatment receiving 50% of the recommended dose through fertilizers along with Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 (T7) which was on par with 50 per cent RDN+ 50 per cent N through FYM. Highest net returns (Rs. 102895 ha-1) and returns per rupee invested (2.2) were registered with the application of recommended dose of chemical fertilisers(T1) followed by 75% recommended dose through fertilizers along with FYM 3 t ha-1(T2). From the present study, it can be concluded that among the integrated organic and inorganic sources tested, application of 75% of the recommended dose through fertilizers along with 2.5 t ha-1 vermicompost (T4) or 3t FYMha-1(T2) are beneficial in registering higher yields and profit.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPLANTED RAGI (Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn)
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) POORNA TEJA, S; RAMANA MURTHY, K.V.
    A field experiment entitled “Nitrogen management in transplanted ragi” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during rabi 2013-14.The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of nine treatments viz., Control (T1), 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 25% Nitrogen through farm yard manure (FYM) (T2), 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% Nitrogen through farm yard manure (FYM) (T3), 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 25% Nitrogen through vermicompost (T4), 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% Nitrogen through vermicompost (T5), 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) (T6), 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + soil treatment (ST) with Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + 0.2% Zn spray at flowering (T7),100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + soil treatment (ST) with Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + 0.2% Zn spray at flowering (T8) and 125% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + soil treatment (ST) with Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + 0.2% Zn spray at flowering (T9). At all stages of observation, highest stature of growth parameters viz., plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2 and dry matter production (kg ha-1) were obtained with the application of 125% RDN + ST with Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + 0.2% Zn spray at flowering stage (T9), which was on a par with 75% RDN + 25% N through Vermicompost (T4). Yield attributes of transplanted ragi viz., number of ear heads m-2, number of fingers earhead-1 and number of filled grains finger-1 were recorded higher with 75% RDN + 25% N through vermicompost (T4). Thousand grain weight was not influenced by different nitrogen management practices studied in this trial. Significantly higher grain and straw yields were recorded with 75% RDN + 25% N through vermicompost (T4) and 125% RDN + ST with Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + 0.2% Zn spray at flowering stage (T9). The treatments, T8 and T6 were on par with T4. With regard to nitrogen uptake by crop, it was recorded highest with 125% RDN + ST with Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ 0.2% Zn spray at flowering stage (T9) which was on a par with 75% RDN + 25% N through vermicompost (T4) and found significantly superior than other treatments. With respect to quality of grain, high protein content of grain was recorded with vermicompost treatments (T5 and T4) while all the remaining treatments were on par with each other. The Zn content of grain was higher with 125% RDN, 100% RDN and 75% RDN in combination with ST with Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + 0.2% Zn spray at flowering stage (T9, T8 and T7 ) and remaining all were on par with each other. Post harvest available N, P and K status in the soil was recorded higher with organic manure treatments (T3, T2, T4 and T5). Higher net returns was recorded with 125 % RDN + ST with Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + 0.2% Zn spray at flowering stage (T9) while highest returns per rupee investment was recorded with 100% RDN (T6). The lowest values for all the above parameters were recorded with control (T1). From this study, it can be concluded that application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (50 kg N ha-1) in inorganic form was found to be optimum and economical for the production of white seeded ragi transplanted during rabi season and 25% of the nitrogen requirement of transplanted ragi can be substituted with vermicompost without any reduction in grain yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FERTIGATION STUDIES IN AEROBIC RICE – ZERO TILLAGE MAIZE CROPPING SYSTEM
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) PADMAJA, B; SUBBAIAH, G
    A field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years (2011-12 and 2012-13) on a sandy loam soil of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal with an objective to study the influence of irrigation schedules and nitrogen levels through fertigation in aerobic rice-zero tillage maize cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four replications. Three irrigation schedules were taken as main plots and three nitrogen levels in sub plots in drip system for both rice and maize crops. Irrigation schedules for rice included I1: Drip irrigation (DI) at 100% pan evaporation (PE), I2: DI at 150% PE and I3: DI at 200% PE with nitrogen levels viz., N1: 90; N2: 120; and N3: 150 kg ha-1 through fertigation. For the subsequent maize crop, irrigation treatments included I1: DI at 75% PE, I2: DI at 100% PE and I3: DI at 125% PE with the three nitrogen levels i.e., N1: 120; N2: 160; and N3: 200 kg ha-1 in fertigation. Outside the layout of the main experiment, three checks and one check were tested in rice and maize crops, respectively. The checks for rice crop included, check 1: Aerobic rice nonirrigated with 120 kg N ha-1, check 2: Aerobic rice with supplemental irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 1.5 with 120 kg N ha-1 and check 3: Puddled-flooded rice with 120 kg N ha-1. In maize crop, the check tested was surface irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 1.2 with 160 kg N ha-1. The cultivars used for the study were ‘WGL 20471’ (Erramallelu) and ‘Pinnacle’ (private hybrid) in rice and maize crops, respectively during both the years. Growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nitrogen uptake, economics, water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of aerobic rice and zero tillage maize were influenced by irrigation schedules and nitrogen levels through fertigation. During first year of study, leaf area index (LAI), SPAD chlorophyll meter reading and tillers m-2 of aerobic rice were significantly higher in 200% PE schedule compared to that of 100% PE but comparable with 150% PE. Drymatter accumulation at maturity, root volume and dry weight were more at 200% PE compared to that of lower schedules. The number of panicles m-2 and filled spikelets panicle-1 increased from 100% PE to 150% PE but not at 200% PE while sterility of spikelets was higher with 100% PE schedule. Higher grain and straw yield, nitrogen uptake, and economics were recorded with 200% PE over the other two schedules. Irrespective of the irrigation schedules, growth parameters (plant height, LAI, SPAD meter reading, tillers m-2 and drymatter accumulation), yield attributes (panicles m-2, panicle length and filled spikelets panicle-1) increased with level of N application from 90 to 120 kg N ha-1 while root volume and dry weight were higher at 150 kg N ha-1. The number of days taken to flowering was significantly lower with 150 kg N ha-1 while, sterility of spikelets was higher at 90 kg N ha-1compared to other doses. Grain yield, straw yield, nitrogen uptake and economic parameters were higher at 150 kg N ha-1. However, the maximum grain yield was recorded with puddled-flooded check followed by 200% PE schedule. Grain yield was reduced by 46 per cent in supplemental irrigated aerobic rice at 1.5 IW/CPE ratio compared to conventional flooded rice. The yield gap between aerobic and flooded rice was reduced to 17 per cent with drip irrigation at 200% PE. Considerable saving of water i.e., 75, 66 and 57 per cent was observed with 100% PE, 150% PE and 200% PE schedules, respectively over puddled-flooded check while it was 66 per cent with supplemental irrigated aerobic check. In general, growth parameters (plant height, LAI, drymatter accumulation, root volume and root dry weight) yield attributes (cobs plant-1, kernels cob-1, kernel weight cob-1) kernel yield, stover yield and nitrogen uptake of no till maize increased with increase in water input from 75% PE to 100% PE irrigation schedule in drip irrigation but could not reach the level of significance at 125% PE. Tasseling and silking was hastened in 125% PE schedule. Increase in the level of N application from 120 to 160 kg N ha-1 resulted in the increase of all the growth parameters, yield attributes, kernel yield, stover yield and nitrogen uptake. Barrenness and test weight were unaffected by either the irrigation schedules or nitrogen levels. The economic indicators (gross returns, net returns and returns per rupee of investment) were higher with the irrigation schedule of 125% PE and nitrogen dose of 200 kg N ha-1 applied through fertigation. Productivity of cropping system in terms of rice equivalent yield was the highest with the irrigation schedule of 200% PE and 125% PE and with the application of 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 to rice and maize crops respectively grown in the sequence. Water requirement increased with the increase in water input while its productivity reduced correspondingly in both rice and maize crops and the cropping system as a whole. However, nitrogen use efficiency enhanced with the increase in water input and reduced with increase in the N level. The investigations conducted for two consecutive years, clearly indicated the benefit of fertigation at 200% PE with 150 kg N ha-1 to rice and 100% PE with 160 kg N ha-1 to maize crops in increasing the productivity and profitability of aerobic rice - zero tillage maize cropping system.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NITROGEN MANAGEMENT OF SUMMER MAIZE (Zea mays L.) AS INFLUENCED BY RABI LEGUMES
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) SREE REKHA, M; SUBBAIAH, G
    A field experiment entitled “Nitrogen management of summer maize as influenced by rabi legumes” was conducted for two consecutive years (2011-12 and 2012-13) on sandy clay loam soils of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla with an objective to find out the influence of rabi legume and N management on performance of summer maize. The experiment was conducted in split plot design and the treatments were replicated thrice with four legumes viz., groundnut (M1) , soybean (M2 ), greengram (M3) and clusterbean (M4) as main plot treatments taken up in rabi and four levels of nitrogen (N1:150; N2:200; N3:250 and N4: 300 kg ha-1) as sub plot treatments with maize in summer. The trial was repeated on a separate field with same type of soil in the second year. During the two years of study, in rabi season popular legume varieties viz., groundnut (TAG-24), soybean (JS-335), greengram (LGG-460) and clusterbean ( local-Sarada) were followed by the most popular and high yielding hybrid maize suitable for this region (Pioneer 30 V 92) in summer. In the two years during rabi, the maximum gross returns, net returns and BC ratio were obtained with greengram. The total microbial population viz., bacteria, Rhizobium, Azotobacter and fungi were more after greengram and soybean crops. The growth parameters of summer maize viz., plant height and drymatter accumulation were influenced by rabi legumes and N levels applied to maize. Greengram as preceding legume resulted in the maximum plant height and drymatter accumulation of maize at maturity during both the years. Irrespective of the year of study, plant height and drymatter accumulation were the maximum with 300 kg N ha-1 and was comparable with that of 250 kg N ha-1. Chlorophyll content (SPAD) at pre-flowering stage was more with 300 kg N ha-1 and comparable with that of 250 kg N ha-1 during both the years of study while, at flowering (50 per cent silking) chlorophyll content was significantly higher with 300 kg N ha-1 over other levels in both the years. Similarly, yield attributes like cobs plant-1 were significantly more with 300 kg N ha-1 and comparable with that of 250 kg N ha-1 in 2011-12 while cob length was more with 300 kg N ha-1 and comparable with that of 250 kg N ha-1 in both the years. Number of kernel rows cob-1 was more when preceded by greengram and comparable with soybean as preceding crop in 2012-13. The number of kernel rows cob-1 and kernels row-1 were significantly higher with 300 kg N ha-1 over other levels in 2012-13. Kernel weight cob-1 and 100-kernel weight of maize were more with greengram as preceding crop and with nitrogen at 300 kg N ha-1 in both the years. Similarly, more kernel and stover yields, economic returns and nutrient uptake of maize were recorded with greengram as preceding legume followed by soybean as preceding crop. The highest kernel yield of 6731 and 5803 kg ha-1 was recorded with greengram as preceding crop during first and second years, respectively, however, it was comparable with that of soybean as preceding crop (6548 and 5724 kg ha-1, respectively).The highest kernel yield of (7125 and 6405 kg ha-1) was observed with 300 kg N ha-1 in both the years which was significantly superior to other levels tested. The total uptake of N, P and K by maize at harvest was the highest with greengram as preceding crop, which was on par with soybean as preceding crop in both the years and uptake was more with 300 kg N ha-1. The soil available N, P, and K after legumes was more after soybean followed by greengram. The soil available N, P and K contents after the harvest of maize were more after groundnut and clusterbean crops. From the experiments conducted for two consecutive years, with rabi legumes followed by maize in sequence at different nitrogen levels, it was clearly indicated that greengram-maize sequence is profitable with 300 kg N ha-1 to maize in increasing the productivity and profitability of legume-cereal sequence in Krishna agro-climatic zone of Andhra Pradesh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PLANT DENSITY AND WEED MANAGEMENT EFFECT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DRUM SEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa. L)
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) SANDEEP NAYAK, B.N.; MUJEEB KHAN, M.D.
    A field experiment entitled “Plant density and weed management effect on the productivity of drum seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla on sandy loam soil during the kharif 2012. The treatments comprised of combination of five drum seeder spacings (20×7cm, 20×10.5cm, 20×14 cm, 20×17.5 cm, 20×24.5cm, and manual transplanting (20×15cm), with a plant density of 71, 47, 35, 28, 20 and 33 hills m-2, respectively and five weed management practices viz., weedy check (W1), hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (W2), cono weeding at 20 and 40 with modified cono weeder (W3), pre-emergence application of anilofos @ 0.375 kg a.i ha-1 followed by post-emergence application of 2, 4 D sodium salt @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 20-25 DAS (W4), pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @1.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i ha-1 30 DAS ( W5). The designed adopted was strip-plot with three replications. The findings of the experiment revealed that the weed parameters viz., weed density, weed drymatter production, drymatter production, and agronomic parameters viz., tiller number, plant drymatter accumulation at all the stages of crop growth, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity were significantly influenced due to plant densities and weed management practices xiii Among different plant densities, the highest density of 71 hills m-2 resulted in minimum weed density, weed drymatter, and more number of tillers m-2 and maximum drymatter production at all stages of plant growth. Early flowering and maturity was noticed with the plant density of 28 hills m-2. Among weed management practices, W3 (cono weeding) recorded lower weed density, weed drymatter, and highest number of tillers m-2 and maximum drymatter accumulation and delayed flowering and maturity. The yield attributes viz., productive tillers, total and filled grains per panicle, test weight, grain and straw yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake were significantly influenced due to different plant densities and weed management practices. The highest density of 47 hills m-2 resulted in higher productive tillers ,grain and straw yields, harvest index and nutrient (N, P and K) uptake, but the highest number of grains per panicle, panicle length and test-weight were observed with the lowest density (20 hills m-2). Among weed management practices, cono weeding twice (W3) was resulted in highest productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain and straw yields, harvest index, and the nutrient (N, P and K) uptake. Among herbicides treatments pre-emergence pendimethalin followed by post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium (W5) found superior over the application of preemergence anilofos followed by post-emergence application of 2, 4.D (W4) on enhancing the yield attribute and grain yield. A significant interaction between rice plant densities and weed management practices showed that a treatment combination of D2×W3 gave the highest paddy yield of 4275 kg ha-1 which was significantly superior to all the treatment combination. Drum seeding with plant density of 47 hills m-2 (D2) found profitable compared with other plant densities. Among the drum seeding method, the maximum gross returns, were obtained from drum seeding with spacing D2 (47 hills m-2) integrated with cono weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS (W3). But the highest net returns and returns per rupee invested were obtained with a combination of plant density 47 hills m-2 with pendimethalin followed by bispyribac sodium because of exclusion of labour cost and high efficacy of chemicals on weed control. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that, direct seeding by drum can be recommended with plant density of 47 hills m-2 integrated with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin followed by post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium (W5) to get optimum plant density and to reduce cost of cultivation. Despite of less gross returns from pre-emergence application of pendimethalin followed by postemergence application of bispyribac sodium (W5) the net returns and B:C ratio was recorded more hence it is the suitable effective herbicide combination in transplanted as well as direct seeded rice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ORGANIC NUTRITION AND MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION EFFECTS ON YIELD, SEED QUALITY AND FERTILIZER – N USE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) – BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo) SEQUENCE
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) PRATHIBHA SREE, S; VEERARAGHAVAIAH, R
    Development of crop nutrition schedules, which are environmentally safe and economically viable yet enhancing crop productivity and quality is much imperative for achieving food and nutritional security. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2010 -11 and 2011-12) on sandy clay loam soils of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla in rice – blackgram sequence. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with organic manures (green manuring in situ and FYM @ 10 t ha-1) along with and without zinc sulphate @ 50 kg ha-1 as main plots and four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) as subplots. At the end of rice, blackgram was sown as a relay crop without disturbing the experimental layout to assess the residual effects of treatments given to rice in rice – blackgram sequence. Popular cultivars of rice and blackgram BPT 5204 and LBG 752/PU31, respectively, were used in the study. Data collected on growth parameters viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation, yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and nutrient uptake of rice were significantly higher with green manuring in situ + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal during both the years of study. Irrespective of the organic manures, higher nitrogen application i.e., 180 kg N ha-1 also recorded higher growth parameters during both the years of study. Higher protein content (%), amylose content (%), hulling (%), milling (%), head rice recovery (%) and volume expansion ratio were recorded with higher levels of nitrogen (i.e., 180 kg N ha-1). Higher iron and zinc concentrations were recorded with green manuring in situ + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal during both the years of study. In general, nitrogen use efficiency, expressed in terms of Agronomic Efficiency (kg grain/ kg N applied), Physiological Efficiency (kg grain/kg N uptake) and Apparent N Recovery (%) was found to be better in combined application of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen application when compared to no nitrogen application. Higher residual fertility status i.e., in the form of available N, P, K in soil was recorded with green manuring in situ + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal along with 180 kg N ha-1 which in turn resulted in significantly higher seed and haulm yields of blackgram during both the years of the study. Higher gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio were recorded with green manuring in situ + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal along with 180 kg N ha-1 to rice in the sequence. Overall, the study, conducted for two consecutive years, indicated that green manuring + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal + 180 kg N ha-1 to rice increases productivity and quality of these crops in the sequence.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF BABY CORN (Zea mays L.) AS INFLUENCED BY INTER CROP AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) SHARMA, GIRRAJ; VENKATESWARLU, B
    A field experiment entitled “Performance of baby corn as influenced by inter crop and nitrogen management” was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil of the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, during kharif, 2013 under irrigated conditions. Five intercrops treatments C1: Sole baby corn, C2: Sole Baby corn in paired rows, C3: Baby corn in paired rows + Soybean, C4: Baby corn in paired rows + Blackgram, C5: Baby corn in paired rows + Greengram allotted for Factor – A, while three levels of nitrogen (N1= 100 % RDN, N2= 75% RDN and N3= 125% RDN ) allotted to Factor-B. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Block Design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Among the intercroppings, baby corn in paired row + greengram (C5) recorded significantly more plant height (167.3 cm) and dry matter (11599 kg ha-1) accumulation over the sole baby corn. Application of 125% RDN recorded significantly more plant height (168.4 cm) and dry matter (12222 kg ha-1) accumulation compared to that of 100% RDN and 75% RDN throughout the crop growth period. Among the intercroppings, baby corn in paired row + greengram (C5) recorded significantly more yield attributing characters like ear length (13.93 cm), cob weight (62.5 g), ear weight (20.9 g), over the sole baby corn. Yield attributing characters like ear length (14.50 cm), cob weight (61.6 g), ear weight (21.2 g) were significantly superior with the application of 125% RDN when compared to 100 % RDN and 75% RDN. Among intercrop adjustments, baby corn in paired rows + greengram (C5) recorded significantly higher cob (17048 kg ha-1) and ear yield (5597 kg ha-1) over sole baby corn. Significant increase in baby corn yield and fodder yield was noticed with increasing level of nitrogen. Higher cob (17369 kg ha-1) and ear yield (6064 kg ha-1) were obtained with the application of 125% RDN over 100% and 75% RDN. The highest green fodder yield (58.8 t ha-1) was obtained with baby corn in paired rows + greengram (C5) but, it was on a par with baby corn in paired rows + black gram (C4). Application of 125% RDN recorded the maximum green fodder yield (59.9 t ha-1) which was significantly superior to 100% RDN as well as 75% RDN treatments. Significantly the higher nitrogen uptake (192.5 kg ha-1) was recorded with baby corn paired rows + greengram (C5) system whereas the maximum nitrogen uptake (207.8 kg ha-1) recorded was with the application of 125% RDN at all the stages of crop growth. The highest gross returns (Rs. 224880 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 195651 ha-1) and returns per rupee investment (6.69), were obtained under baby corn in paired rows + greengram (C5) at all the levels of nitrogen.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ORTHOSULFAMURON ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPLANTED RICE
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) MAHESWARI.MATTAPARTHI, D; RAO, A.S.
    Rice (Oryza sativa.L) is the most important and extensively grown food crop in India with an area of 40.06 million hectares with a production of 101.80 million tones and productivity of 2540.76 kg ha-1. In Andhra Pradesh, it is grown in an area of 23.24 lakh hectares with a production of 10.48 million tonnes and productivity of 3512.90 kg ha-1 (Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, 2012-2013). However, the productivity of rice in India is very low compared to other rice growing countries like China (4.3t ha-1), Australia (10.1 tonnes per hectare), US (7.5 tonnes per hectare) and Russia (5.2 tonnes per hectare)(http://www.comodityonline.com).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN MACHINE TRANSPLANTED RICE
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) JYOTHI SWAROOPA, V; Bharatha Lakshmi, M
    A field experiment entitled “Nitrogen Management in Machine Transplanted Rice” was conducted at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute & Regional Agricultural Research Station – Maruteru during Kharif 2013 under canal irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of four main plot treatments viz., 75%RDN, 100% RDN ,150% RDN and 200% RDN and foliar application of 2% KNO3 ,2% DAP and 1% 19-19-19 as sub plot treatments. The experimental soil was sandy clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon (0.43 %), low in available nitrogen (188 kg ha-1), high in available phosphorus (14.4 kg ha-1) and high in available potassium (1254 kg ha-1 ). Plant height was found to be non-significant by different treatments at all stages of crop growth studied. Interaction between nitrogen levels and foliar feeding at Panicle initiation stage was found to be non-significant at all stages of the crop growth. Significantly higher number of tillers m-2 at 60, 90 DAT and at harvest was observed with the application of 150 percent recommended dose of nitrogen except 30 DAT. Significantly higher dry matter accumulation at 30DAT, 60DAT, 90DAT and harvest was recorded with 150 percent recommended dose of nitrogen which was on a par with 200 percent RDN. However, foliar nutrition did not influence the tiller and dry matter production. Among different treatments, yield attributes i.e., productive tillers m-2, total number of grains panicle-1, number of filled grains panicle-1 , panicle weight were significantly influenced by N levels only wherein application of 150 percent recommended dose of nitrogen exerted favourable influence and improved all the yield attributes. Foliar nutrition with different fertilizers at PI stage did not influence the yield attributes significantly.However, the interaction between nitrogen levels & foliar feeding treatments was found to be non-significant. Significantly higher grain and straw yields (6363 kg ha-1 and 9399 kg ha-1 respectively) were recorded with the application of 150 percent RDN while further increase to 200% RDN resulted in significant reduction. Additional nutrition through foliar application of 1% 19-19-19 though not statistically significant, tended to increase grain and straw yield marginally over 2% DAP & 2% KNO3. There were no significant differences between nitrogen levels and foliar nutrition in respect of quality parameters of rice grain such as protein content, milling per cent, hulling per cent, head rice recovery. The maximum N uptake at 30, 60, and at harvest stages of the crop was observed with the nitrogen levels only. The highest uptake was recorded with the 150% recommended dose of nitrogen which was on a par with 200% RDN. Additional nutrition through foliar application at PI stage did not influence N uptake significantly. Higher net returns (Rs.56832 ha -1) and returns per rupee invested (1.5) were registered with the application of 150% recommended dose of nitrogen. Among foliar feeding, foliar application of 1% 19-19-19 resulted in relatively higher net returns (Rs.48292 ha -1) and returns per rupee invested (1.26) than 2% DAP and 2% KNO3. From the present study, it can be concluded that application of 150% recommended dose of nitrogen (135 kg ha-1) is optimum for realizing higher grain yield in machine transplanted rice. Foliar nutrition with different fertilizers once at PI stage did not improve the yield attributes and grain yield significantly in machine transplanted rice.
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