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Agriculture University, Kota

The Agriculture University, Kota (AUK) was established on 14th September, 2013 after bifurcation of the Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur and Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University (SKRAU), Bikaner through promulgation of Act No. 22 of 2013. The University has been created for the agricultural development in South-East and Eastern Rajasthan which is having diversified agriculture situations from rainfed to canal irrigated agriculture. The Agriculture University has its Headquarter at Borkhera Farm, Kota & is located on Kota-Baran National highway-76. Kota district is situated in the South-Eastern part of Rajasthan and comes under Humid South-Eastern Plain Zone (agro climatic zone V). It lies between 23045’ and 26038’ North latitude and 75037’ and 77026’ East longitude. The jurisdiction of AUK is spread over in 6 districts namely Kota, Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Karauli and Sawai Madhopur. It accounts for 9.98 % geographical area, 12.67 % total human population, 9.4 % live stock population, 31.59 % forest area and 20.6 % net sown area of the state. Development and education of modern practices in the field of Agriculture, Horticulture & Forestry for sustainable livelihood of the rural masses is the main thrust of the service area of AUK.

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ROOTING MEDIA AND IBA ON ROOTING OF CUTTINGS OF WAX MALPIGHIA (Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune) UNDER SHADE NET HOUSE
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) SUNITA JAT; Dr. Ashutosh Mishra
    A current research work entitled “Effect of rooting media and IBA on rooting of cuttings of wax malpighia (Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune) under shade net house” was conducted from June 2023 to February 2024 at Instructional Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan, in the Jhalawar district of Rajasthan. The experiment consisted of 28 treatments including, three levels (100, 200 and 300 ppm) of IBA along with four rooting media (soil, cocopeat, vermiculite and vermicompost) in different ratios laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of IBA and rooting media on rooting and economics feasibility of cuttings of wax malpighia. The data was recorded after 30 days and 60 days of planting of cuttings. Among all the treatments, the treatment of T27 [vermiculite + vermicompost (1:3) + 300 ppm IBA] showed significantly superior performance in terms of number of days taken for rooting (10.20 days), root length (11.09 cm), number of roots (55.56), fresh weight of roots (94.52 mg), number of primary roots (8.99), number of secondary roots (46.57), root index (616.43 cm/plant), dry weight of roots (35.26 mg), number of total shoots (5.73), sprouting percentage (89.19% ), length of primary shoot (8.80 cm), number of primary shoots (4.21), survival per cent (85.55%), mortality per cent (14.45 %), leaf thickness (0.33 mm), plant height (40.54 cm) and total chlorophyll content (0.79 mg/g) along with the highest B:C (2.13) ratio.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITE FILM BASED ON GUM GHATTI AND NANOCELLULOSE OF Lantana camara L.
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) ARATHI CHANDRAN; Dr. Anju S. Vijayan
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on formulation and characterization of nanocomposite film based on gum ghatti and nanocellulose of Lantana camara L.” was carried out in the Department of Forest Products and Utilization, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Rajasthan during July 2023 to December 2023. The study focused on developing a bio nanocomposite film using tree gum extracted from Anogeissus latifolia (gum ghatti), reinforced with cellulose nanofiber derived from Lantana camara L. using chemical method. The film was subsequently characterized using SEM, TGA, DSC, UTM, FTIR, XRD to assess different morphological, physical, thermal and mechanical properties, determining its applicability in various fields. Nanocellulose with an average diameter of 57.58 nm was isolated through the acid hydrolysis process and was reinforced in the gum matrix at different concentrations (1%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%). By standardizing the amount of gum and sorbitol (plasticizer), it was found that 10% gum and 20% sorbitol (wt.% of gum) produced films that were flexible, non-sticky, and readily peelable. SEM analysis of the developed films revealed the dispersion of nanocellulose particles within the gum, which transformed the smooth surface of the gum film into a rough one. The findings demonstrated that incorporation of nanocellulose significantly reduced the thickness of films from 0.327 mm to 0.183 mm. Physical attributes such as moisture content and water solubility greatly diminished from 7.50% and 98.7 % to 2.71 % and 93.23 % respectively. The contact angle enhanced from 44.18o to 64.29o, thereby rendering the composite film less hydrophilic. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the thermal degradation temperature and glass transition temperature significantly increased with 15% NC, reaching 231.37°C and 134.06°C, respectively. The thermal investigation through Differential Scanning Calorimetry revealed a higher melting temperature of 220oC for nanocomposite with 15% NC. The optimal addition of NC improved the mechanical properties by augmenting Young’s modulus, elastic limit, and tensile strength, while reducing tensile strain and elongation at break. The chemical interactions between gum and nanocellulose in the bio nanocomposite were validated by the FTIR analysis. The XRD analysis revealed the amorphous nature of natural gum and the semi-crystalline nature of nanocomposite as the degree of crystallinity increased from 16.05% to 34.09% after reinforcing plain gum with nanocellulose. Thus, the fabricated gum-nanocellulose composite film with improved water resistance, high mechanical strength, and thermal stability can potentially be used for various applications such as packaging, biomedical, and environmentally friendly coatings. Additionally, the study highlighted the economic potential of Lantana camara L., a plant typically considered an obnoxious weed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF BIOFORMULATIONS AND INTERCROPPING SYSTEM ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) ROUNAK KUMAR; Dr. Kavita Aravindakshan
    The present investigation entitled “Performance of bioformulations and intercropping system on growth, yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)” was conducted at Vegetable Farm, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan City, Jhalwar, Rajasthan. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications comprised of fourteen treatments involving sole cabbage crop and intercropping with carrot (1:1) with foliar spray of Panchgavya @ 3% & 6%, Jeevamruth @ 3% & 6% and Amrutpani @ 3% & 6%. Result concluded from the foliar application of bioformulations (Panchgavya, Jeevamruth and Amrutpani ) and intercropping system that treatment T9 resulted in the maximum values for morphological parameters: (plant height (21.56 and 28.35 cm) at 45 DAT and at harvest, number of Unopened leaves per plant (33.93), number of open leaves per plant (19.20), on harvest, stem diameter (3.50 and 3.77 cm), plant spread (41.32 and 53.49 cm) in cabbage and plant height (13.16 and 33.02 cm), number of leaves per plant (8.13 and 12.47) at 45 DAS and harvest in carrot also). For yield parameters: Treatment T9 resulted in the maximum values for (head diameter (14.50 cm), weight of head per plant(1197.40 g) and for yield of head per plot(39.49 kg) and Estimated Yield (731.55 q) was found in T2 and maximum values for carrot Root length (17.85 cm), Root Width (3.33 cm), Root weight per plant (108.07 g), Core diameter (1.12 cm), Yield per plot (6.48 kg) and Estimated yield (120.07 q) was recorded from Treatment T9 ) . For quality parameters: Treatment T9 resulted in the maximum values for (Volume of cabbage (1392.56 cc), Crude protein (16.79 %), TSS (7.22 0Brix), Ascorbic acid (38.32 mg/100g), Antioxidants content (0.225 μ mol Trolox/100g), nitrogen content (2.69 %), iron (29.98 ppm) and copper content (2.93 ppm) in cabbage head and for carrot maximum carotene content (16.34 mg/100g) and TSS (12.94 0Brix) was also found in treatment T9. The maximum values for cabbage equivalent yield (893.73q/ha), net returns (₹ 254752/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.8) was also recorded in treatment T9 (Cabbage + Carrot (1:1) + Panchgavya @ 3%). However, the minimum values for morphological, yield, quality, net returns (₹ 82357/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.0) was observed in treatment T1 (Sole cabbage + No spray) and minimum values for yield per plot and estimated yield was noted in treatment T8 in cabbage. Likewise in carrot also the Treatment T8 resulted in minimum values for morphological, yield and quality parameters From the present investigation, it may concluded that T9 (Cabbage + Carrot (1:1) + Panchgavya @ 3%) proved superiority over all treatments in improving growth, yield, quality and economic parameters.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF BIOINOCULANTS AND BIOFORMULATIONS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF TURMERIC (Curcuma longa L.)
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) TEJESH SAINI; Dr. Kavita Aravindakshan
    "Performance of bioinoculants and bioformulations on growth, yield, and quality of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)" was conducted at Vegetable Farm, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan City, Jhalawar, Rajasthan during Kharif season 2023-24 in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The experiment consisted of four levels of bioinoculants (Control, Azosprillum, VAM, PSB @5 g each) and four levels of bioformulations (Control, Panchagavya, Amrutpani. Jeevamruth @8 % each) with a total of 16 treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications each. Data were collected on different growth, yield and quality contributing characters of turmeric. The bioinoculants and bioformulation (VAM & Panchagavya) had significant effect on growth, yield and quality individually and in combinations over control. Bioinoculants significantly enhanced the growth of turmeric compared to the control. Treatment with I2 VAM resulted in the maximum values for various growth, yield, quality and soil attributes: plant height 78.23 cm and 107.45 cm at 90 and 180 DAS respectively, number of leaves per plant 8.45 and 13.23, leaf width 13.67 cm and 17.20 cm, leaf length 35.87 cm and 47.17 cm and pseudostem diameter 3.30 cm and 4.42 cm, length of mother rhizome 6.38 cm, diameter of mother rhizome 3.28 cm, weight of mother rhizome 64.57 g, number of primary rhizomes per plant 8.33, length of primary rhizome 8.60 cm, diameter of primary rhizome 2.61 cm, weight of primary rhizome 184.61 g, number of secondary rhizomes 12.21, length of secondary rhizome 5.18 cm, diameter of secondary rhizome 1.75 cm, weight of secondary rhizome 107.53 g, yield per plant 385.85 g, yield per plot 15.43 kg/plot and estimated yield 642.81q/ha, dry weight of rhizome per plant 95.39 g, ascorbic acid content 0.1095 mg/100 g, curcumin content 2.09%, and antioxidant content 0.2222 μ mol Trolox/100g, Treatment I1, which included Azospirillum, exhibited the highest values for nitrogen content 312.81 kg/ha and I3 which is having PSB exhibited maximum values for phosphorus content 23.00 kg/ha and for electrical conductivity 0.46 dS/m, and soil pH value 7.33 maximum values recorded in I0 (Control)
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL AND CYCOCEL ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.) UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITION
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) ALKA KANWAT; Dr. I.B. Maurya
    The study was conducted at the Protected Cultivation Unit in the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, from June 2023 to December 2023. Its aim was to evaluate the “Effects of paclobutrazol and cycocel on growth and yield parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under polyhouse conditions”. The experiment involved two plant growth retardants Paclobutrazol (PBZ) and cycocel (CCC) with each being applied at three different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 ppm), as well as two control conditions (with and without pruning). The study was organized using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results showed that treating seeds with PBZ at 100 ppm reduced seedling height by 48.0% while registering maximum germination (98.33%) and seedling survival (99.56%). The treatment with PBZ at 100 ppm without pruning (T3) reduced plant height by 17.8% and internodal length by 27.27%, resulting in the lowest plant height (320.46 cm) and internodal length (6.40 cm) compared to controls (389.31 cm and 9.67 cm, respectively). This treatment also decreased leaf area but increased the number of leaves per plant. Conversely, the best results for chlorophyll content (2.133 mg/g), photosynthetic active radiation (915.33), leaf area (261.31 cm²), number of fruits per plant (34.69), fruit diameter (4.56 cm), fruit length (17.54 cm), average fruit weight (177.70 g), and fruit yield per plant (2.90 kg) were observed with PBZ at 100 ppm with pruning (T9). This treatment also reduced unmarketable fruit yield per plant, the time to first harvest (44.60 days), and the node at which the first female flower appeared (3.27). Overall, the study suggests that treating seeds with PBZ at 100 ppm combined with pruning (T9) is the most effective approach, as it increased yield by 43.02%, net return (Rs. 194,583.70), and the B:C ratio (4.13).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF BIOFORMULATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CARROT (Daucus carota L.)
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) NAVEEN DHAKED; Dr. Kavita Aravindakshan
    A field experiment entitled “Performance of bioformulation on growth, yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.)” during the Rabi season, 2023-24 at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar (Rajasthan). The experiment consisted of 2 bioformulation with 3 different doses each viz. Panchagavya (4%, 6% and 8%) and seaweed extract (0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%) as foliar spray and soil drenching and one control, respectively with a total of 13 treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications each. My Findings revealed that application of bioformulation had significant effect on all growth, yield and quality attributes of carrot. Results also found that soil drenching of seaweed @ 0.8% to the carrot crop significantly increased the plant height (25.66 cm and 36.54 cm), number of leaves per plant (10.10 and 14.07), plant spread (24.65 cm and 39.48 cm) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively, total chlorophyll content of leaves (1.61 mg/g), root length (17.94 cm), root diameter (3.53 cm), fresh weight of root (103.36 g), flesh thickness (24.86 mm), root yield per plot (7.44 kg), estimated yield (310.07 q/ha), carotene content (14.61 mg/100g), iron content in root (5.46 mg/100g), root dry matter (14.18 g), total soluble solids (11.82 ºBrix), crude protein content (13.25 %), as well as organic carbon (0.61%), available phosphorus (29.61 kg ha-1 ) and potassium (228.64 kg ha-1) as compared to treatment T1 (control). While, minimum value of core diameter (10.46 mm), core-cortex ratio (0.42), and moisture content (86.28 %) was noted under treatment T7. Application of bioformulation had positive impact on net returns and B: C ratio as compared to control. Maximum net returns (Rs. 221147.00 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.41), registered in treatment T7 (Soil drenching of Seaweed extract @ 0.8 %). However, Treatment T1 (control) recorded minimum net return (Rs. 116667.00 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.41).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF INORGANIC INPUTS AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON DEVELOPMENTAL PHENOLOGY OF JAMUN (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels.) cv. GOMA PRIYANKA
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) SAMIKSHA NAGAR; (Dr. Prerak Bhatnagar)
    A field experiment titled “Effect of inorganic input and biofertilizer on developmental phenology of Jamun (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels.) cv. Goma Priyanka” was conducted during June 2023 to December 2023 at the Fruit Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. The trial consisted of ten treatments; namely control, RDF (100, 75 and 50 %) and biofertilizer (Azospirillum and VAM at 50 g/plant each). The experiment was set up in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replicates. In a study of Jamun cv. Goma Priyanka, treatment T6, consisting of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) combined with Azospirillum (50g/plant) and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) (50g/plant) outperformed other combinations of inorganic inputs and biofertilizers. The T6 treatment (75% RDF + Azospirillum @ 50g/plant + VAM @ 50g/plant) demonstrated significant improvements in both growth and physiological parameters of Jamun cv. Goma Priyanka. It enhanced plant height, canopy dimensions, leaf characteristics, petiole length, node count and girth of both rootstock and scion. Physiologically, T6 augmented key indicators such as relative water content, chlorophyll levels, photosynthesis efficiency and stomatal conductance, while lowering proline content, manifesting improved stress tolerance. Additionally, T6 improved soil physico-chemical properties by decreasing pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, and particle density, while enhancing organic carbon content, water holding capacity, porosity, and microbial population. However, it's worth noting that treatment T3 (100% RDF + Azospirillum @ 50g/plant + VAM @ 50g/plant) was the most effective in increasing available soil N, P and K levels in the plant rhizosphere. In summary, the T6 treatment proved as the most effective in enhancing overall plant growth, development, and physico-chemical characteristics of Jamun cv. Goma Priyanka.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex NEES IN SOUTH -EASTERN RAJASTHAN
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) RAM BABU CHOUDHARY; (Dr. Kanica Upadhyay)
    The present investigation “Studies on growth and yield performance of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees in South-Eastern Rajasthan.” was laid out in RBD (Factorial) during July, 2023 to January, 2024 under the Department of Forest Product and Utilization, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of fifteen treatments with two levels of each Vermicompost (FYM and three levels of spacing (30x15 cm, 30x30 cm and 30x45 cm). The organic manure dose of Vermicompost @ 25 t was found best in Plant height (14.94,29.06,32.22,49.66,52.70 cm), number of leaves (23.2,47.1,81.3,86,87.5), number of branches (2.9,4.02,5.77,9.24,11.6) at 30, 60, 90, 120 DAT and at harvest. The spacing of 30x45 cm showed maximum number of leaves (,87.4), number of branches (11.9) leaf area (144.08,176.04), leaf area duration (4774.93), number of Pods (79.2), number of Seeds (691.12), pod dry weight (0.17 g) while, spacing at 30x30 cm showed maximum fresh weight kg/Plot (1.63), dry weight g/plant (29.0), Pod length (1.86 cm), Seed yield (89.30 gm), dry herbage yield (816.00 g) spacing 30x15 cm plant height (15.50,28.93,32.8,49.7,52.4 cm) and leaf area index (0.329 cm). The interaction of vermicompost @25 t with 30x45 cm exposed maximum number of leaves (29.3,60.3,86.3,92.3,94), number of branches (3.7,4.6,7,10.3,13) Leaf aera (173.53,203.53), Leaf area duration (5690), number of Pods (84.3), number of Seeds (767.43), Pod dry weight (0.17 g). (Vermicompost @25 t 30x30 cm) fresh weight kg/Plot (2.50), Dry weight g/plant (35.3), Pod length (1.95 cm), Seed yield (125.00 gm), Dry herbage yield (1250 g). vermicompost @25 t 30x15 cm plant height (16.30,30.57,33.8,50.6,53.6 cm) and Leaf area index (0.378 cm). Thus, this study concludes that Kalmegh could be grown in south-eastern region of Rajasthan by using vermicompost and spacing of 30 x 30 cm for maximum net returns of approximately 95,980 per ha and to have high returns in term of growth and yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF RHIZOSPHERE’S SOIL OF DIFFERENT TREE SPECIES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF JACKFRUIT (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) cv. CHANDRA
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, 2024) SONALI GAHLOT; (Dr. Jitendra Singh)
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of rhizosphere‟s soil of different tree species on growth and development of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) cv. Chandra” was conducted during the year 2023-24, at the Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments, viz. T0 (control), T1 (soil under banyan tree canopy), T2 (soil under palash tree canopy), T3 (soil under babul tree canopy), T4 (soil under jamun tree canopy), T5 (soil under tamarind tree canopy), T6 (soil under neem tree canopy), and T7 (soil under mandarin tree canopy). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Among different treatments, T1 treatment (soil under banyan tree canopy) was found significantly superior over other treatments with respect to growth and physiological parameters such as maximum height of plant (118.27 cm), rootstock girth (24.69 mm), scion girth (24.51 mm), number of leaves per plant (65.33), number of shoots per plant (17.67), length of internode (2.38 cm), number of nodes per plant (58.00), leaf petiole length (1.85 cm), leaf area index (2.01), chlorophylla (1.85 mg g-1), chlorophyllb (0.99 mg g-1), total chlorophyll (2.84 mg g-1), stomatal conductance (7.25 mmol m-2 s-1), relative water content (87.85%), membrane stability (28.27%) and minimum proline content (0.20 μmol g-1) in leaves at the time of final observation during March, 2024. The result further indicated that the application of treatment T1 (soil under banyan tree canopy) was the most effective in increasing the soil parameters like available N2 (329.33 kg ha-1), available P2O5 (28.33 kg ha-1), available K2O (294.33 kg ha-1), porosity (47.84%) and microbial population (bacteria 9.34 x 106 cfu g-1 and fungi 7.51 x 104 cfu g-1). It also reduced the soil pH (7.14), electrical conductivity (0.22 dS m-1), bulk density (1.13 g cm-3) and particle density (2.32 g cm-3). Thus, the T1 (soil under banyan tree canopy) treatment significantly improve the all soil parameters. Overall, T1 (soil under banyan tree canopy) treatment was adjudged better in respect to overall growth and development of jackfruit vis-à-vis soil improvement.