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Central Agricultural University, Pasighat
The Central Agricultural University has been established by an act of Parliament, the Central Agricultural University Act, 1992 (No.40 of 1992). The Act came into effect on 26th January, 1993 with the issue of notification by the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Govt. of India. The University became functional with the joining of first Vice-Chancellor on 13th September, 1993. The jurisdiction of the University extends to six North-Eastern Hill States viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura, with headquarters at Imphal in Manipur.
College of Horticulture & Forestry, a constituent College of the Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, was established on 7th March 2001 at Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh on the bank of beautiful river Siang.
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ThesisItem Open Access Influence of different stages of fruit maturity on seed germination and seedling growth of citrus species.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat -791102 Central Agricultural University (Imphal), 2023-02-27) Morampudi, Harika; Singh, Barun; Wangchu, L.North Eastern part of India has been growing numerous forms of citrus from a hoary past and it also abounds in wild forms of the genus citrus. Hence it is considered by many to be the ‘creator centre’ of citrus flora of India. To maintain the germplasm, seeds offer a convenient way to store germplasm over time and to transport it over long distances even across international boundaries. Production of seedlings thorough the seed germination is easy and convenient. Increase in production of seedlings also helps to farmers to establish orchards. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made to raise seedlings from seeds extracted at different fruit maturity stages. Treatments were executed by 2 factor CRD. For the experiment seeds were collected from three fruit maturity stages Green Mature Stage (M1), Colour turning stage (mature stage) (M2), Fully mature stage (Yellow /orange Stage) (M3) of 5 citrus species namely, Citrus reticulata (S1), Citrus limonia (S2), Citrus aurantifolia (S3), Citrus sinensis var. valencia orange (S4) and Citrus sinensis var. sathgudi (S5). Total number of treatments combinations were fifteen with three replications in each. Although seeds extracted from Fully mature stage (M3) of citrus fruits exhibited the highest germination percentage but was at par with the other stages of fruit maturity. High germination vigour index, more fresh weight of leaves, and dry weight of roots was observed in seeds extracted from fully matured fruits. In case of plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, Root: Shoot ratio, was maximum and at par in Colour turning stage (M2) and Fully mature stages (M3) of fruits. The highest chlorophyll content (a,b and total) was maximum in seedlings raised from seeds extracted from fruits at colour turning stage. From the present investigation it is concluded that for raising healthy seedlings of different citrus species the process of seed extraction can begin from colour turning stage of fruits and can be extracted till full maturity of the fruits.ThesisItem Open Access :“Influence of time and methods of budding in ‘Khasi Mandarin’ (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on different rootstocks in the foothills of Arunachal Pradesh”.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat -791102, 2022-09-29) Bordoloi, Miss Nilakshi; Wangchu, L.; Nimbolkar, P. K.Treatments were executed in three factor factorial CRD(Completely Randomized Design)with three replications. Different rootstocks viz., Rough Lemon (Citrus Jambhiri Lush.), Rangpur Lime (Citrus limoniaUsbek), Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco),Volkamer Lemon (Citrus volkameriana) and Pummelo (Citrus grandisOsbeck) and different methods of budding (‘T’ budding and Modified Chip budding) were used for budding in Khasi Mandarin in February, April and March.Interaction of budding time, methodsand types of rootstockshowed maximum bud take (93.33%) when Modified Chip budding was performed on Rough Lemon and Rangpur Lime during February. Maximum budding success (93.33%), length (11.30cm), girth (2.14mm) and dry weight of sprout (2.95g), number of leaves (7.97), Chlorophyll ‘a’,‘b’ and total (0.34, 0.50 and 0.86 mg/g respectively) were recorded when Modified Chip budding was done on Rough Lemon in February. Fresh weight (5.22g) was higher in Rough Lemon budded with both ‘T’ budding and Modified Chip budding during February. Minimum days required to sprout (32.00) and maximum root diameter (8.23mm) were observed on Khasi Mandarin with Modified Chip budding done in February. Maximum leaf area (18.36 cm2) was observed in Rangpur Lime with Modified Chip budding and maximum length of leaf (6.76cm) as well as breadth of leaf (4.47cm) with ‘T’ budding performed during February. Maximum rootstock parameters such as length (32.37cm), number of primary roots (3.33), fresh weight (22.13g) and dry weight (16.22g) were found maximum in Volkamer Lemon with ‘T’ budding done during February along with perimeter of leaf (18.7cm). The maximum root: shoot ratio (29.87) was observed when ‘T’ budding was done on Pummelo in April and minimum (0.43) in ‘T’ budded Rough Lemon in April.. Therefore, it is concluded that the Modified Chip budding is the best method of budding that can be performed during February in Khasi Mandarin using Rough Lemon as rootstock with respect to bud take, budding success and growth of sprout.ThesisItem Open Access “Influence of Pruning and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] cv. ‘Assam lemon’ Under Foothills of Arunachal Pradesh”.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat -791102, 2022-10-10) Rathour, T P; Nimbolkar, P.K.; Wangchu, LTo study the effect of biofertilizers, pruning and their combine effect on growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit quality in Assam lemon. The research work entitled “Influence of Pruning and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] cv. ‘Assam lemon’ Under Foothills of Arunachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2021-2022 at the Experimental Farm of Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, CAU, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD with two levels of pruning (pruning 25% and 50%), four treatments of biofertilizer viz; PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 90g/plant, Trichoderma @ 90g/plant, Azotobacter @ 15g/plant and combination of PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 90g/plant, Trichoderma @ 90g/plant, Azotobacter @ 15g/plant and the interaction effect of pruning (pruning 25% and 50%) and biofertilizers (PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 90g/plant, Trichoderma @ 90g/plant, Azotobacter @ 15g/plant). As a resultant of which it is evident that high level of pruning (terminal pruning at 50% length of shoot) and combination of biofertilizers (PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 90g/plant, Trichoderma @ 90g/plant, Azotobacter @ 15g/plant) was found best for enhancing the growth, flowering, yield and quality of Assam lemon fruits. Further, earliest sprout initiation (15 days), number of shoots emerged per pruned shoot (6), length of emerged shoots (54 cm), number of leaves per shoot (46), trunk circumference (4 cm), days required for first flowering (322 days), number of flowers per shoot (105), earliness in flowering (18 days), fruit yield (4 kg/plant), fruit length (60 mm), fruit width (91mm), fruit volume (84cm3), fruit weight (104g), peel weight (45g), average number of seeds per fruit (0.25), titratable acidity (5.90%), ascorbic acid content (141.08 mg/100g), juice (40ml), total sugar (9.84%), reducing sugar (2.20%), non-reducing sugar(7.75%), pH of juice (2.23), chlorophyll-a (0.54 mg/g), chlorophyll-b content (0.30mg/g), total chlorophyll content (0.82 mg/g) and carotenoid (27.46 mg/g fresh weight) was recorded highest in treatment P2B4 (Pruning 50% length of shoots + PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 90g/plant, Trichoderma @ 90g/plant, Azotobacter @ 15g/plant). Hence, the treatment combination of pruning at 50% length of shoots + PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 90g/plant, Trichoderma @ 90g/plant, Azotobacter @ 15g/plantmay be recommended to get the maximum growth, flowering, yield and best fruit quality in Assam lemon.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of pre-harvest spray of PGRs, urea and micronutrient on growth, yield and quality of lime cv. Rangpur lime(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat -791102, 2022-09-19) Versha, S. Bhanu; Nimbolkar, P.K.; Hazarika, B.N.The Present research was carried out during the year 2020-2021 at Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments and 4 replications. With background study this present investigation entitled, “Effect of pre-harvest spray of PGRs, urea and micronutrient on growth, yield and quality of lime cv. Rangpur lime”. Results in the investigation recorded significant effect on reducing fruit drop (33.47%) by increasing fruit set (41.13%) by minimizing fruit granulation (18.40%) and lowest titratable acidity in treatment T9 (NAA@ 20ppm+ GA3 @ 20ppm+ 0.5% ZnSO4+1% Urea) as compared to other treatments and control while, improvement in yield, plant reproductive and fruit physiological parameters with maximum increase in fruit retention (46.21 %) with fruit weight (171.38 g) with juice content (113.25 ml), fruit yield (129.70 kg/tree), number of fruits/tree (814.25 fruits/tree), fruit length (7.48 cm), fruit breadth (7.08 cm) was observed in the treatment T10 (NAA @ 30 ppm + GA3 @ 30 ppm + 0.5% ZnSO4+ 1% Urea). lt was also noted that bio-chemical quality parameters viz., TSS (8.55 oB), vitamin C (38.52 mg/ 100g), total sugar (3.86 %), reducing sugars (1.11 %) and were found significant increase in treatment T10¬. Non-significant results were recorded in non-reducing sugar (2.48 %) of rangpur lime in treatment (T10). Thus, foliar spraying of T10 (NAA @ 30 ppm + GA3 @ 30 ppm + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 1% Urea) T10 may be recommended to farmers for better yield and fruit quality and T9 (NAA@ 20ppm+ GA3 @ 20ppm+ 0.5% ZnSO4+1% Urea) may be recommended for industrial purpose with minimum granulated fruits and less number of seeds per fruit. Fruits recorded with less number of seeds were stored for longer days in treatment T9 (29 days).ThesisItem Open Access “Influence of media, VAM (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae) and supplementary nutrients on growth of Khasi Mandarin seedlings (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat -791102, 2022-09-30) Tumula, Rushi Kumar; Wangchu, L.; Nimbolkar, Prashant Kumarthe present investigation entitled, “Influence of media, VAM and supplementary nutrients on growth of Khasi mandarin seedlings (Citrus reticulata Blanco) was conducted at Citrus Fruit Nursery, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, CAU, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh during the year 2021-22. The experiment was planned in two factorial CRD and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of two factors viz. media with 3 levels, M0: soil, M1: soil + vermicompost (4:1), M2: soil + vermicompost (2:1) and VAM species with four levels V0: control, V1: VAM 1 (Acaulospora laevis), V2: VAM 2 (Glomus bhagyraj), V3: VAM 3 (Glomus mosseae). NPK 1% @ 19:19:19 was sprayed among all treatments in common. The findings of this research showed that the media of M2 (soil + vermicompost (2:1) was found to be better with respect to vegetative growth parameters viz. plant height, number of leaves a, stem diameter, physiological growth parameter of fresh and dry weight of leaves, shoot and stem, length of the longest root, number of primary roots), root volume. Biochemical parameters like chlorophyll “a”, “b” and total chlorophyll, leaf carbohydrate, leaf protein, microbiological parameters like number of chlamydospores at initial and end of the experiment (682.83 and 690.17), percent root colonization (71.05 %), The results of this study revealed that the amongst the three VAM species, V3 (Glomus mosseae) was found to be more effective in influencing the seedlings w.r.t vegetative growth parameters. Khasi mandarin seedlings responded significantly towards the combination effect of media M2 (soil + vermicompost (2:1) with V3 (Glomus mosseae)w.r.t vegetative growth parameter such as fresh and dry weight of leaves, shoot and stem, length of the longest root, number of primary roots, root volume.Microbiology parameter like number of chlamydospores at initial and end of the experiment (935.67 and 942.33), percent root colonization (96.00 %), relative mycorrhizal dependency of plant height (68.05 %, number of leaves (47.20%), stem diameter (40.48 %), fresh and dry weight of leaves (68.01 and 64.67 %), shoot (73.48 and 75.19 %) and stem (81.06 and 84.54 %), length of the longest root (50.15 %), number of primary roots (66.67 %), root volume (6973.00 mm3). physio chemical properties of soil pH and EC (5.97 and 0.56 dsm-1), soil fertility status of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (294.78 kg/ha, 40.93 kg/ha and 227.73 kg/ha, respectively), organic carbon content in soil (2.95 %), Percentage of leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients content in leaf (4.32 %, 0.51 % and 2.04 %, respectively). Nutrient content in vermicompost of percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (1.75 %, 0.88 % and 0.29 %, respectively) at the initial of the experiment. Khasi mandarin seedlings were found to perform significantly better when transplanted in media consisting of soil and vermicompost at 2:1 ratio inoculated with GlomusThesisItem Open Access Effect of PSB and VAM with graded levels of Phosphorus on growth,yield and quality of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) under foothills of Arunachal Pradesh.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2022-01-31) P., Aruna Priyanka; Hazarika, B.N.; Wangchu, L.The experimental results, all the treatments differed significantly with respect to growth parameters. Among the treatments, (T12) 600g of P + 100g of PSB + 100g of VAMreported the best values viz.,increase in plant height (8.43 cm), increase in canopy spread (E-W) (17.41cm). While, the treatment applied with 400g of P + 100g of PSB + 100g of VAM (T8) showed significantincrease in stem girth (6.73cm).The results pertaining to floweringand yield parameters revealed that, the minimum days from flowering to harvesting of fruits (76.92 days) was observed in the application of 400g of P + 100g of PSB + 100g of VAM(T8) and yield attributing parameters,the maximum fruit weight (22.74 g), the highest aril weight (14.16 g), maximum juice content (10.26 ml) and the highest fruit yield (20.38 kg/tree) were obtained by the treatment combination of (T12) 600g of P + 100g of PSB + 100g of VAM. However, the minimum fruit drop (60.20%) was observed in the treatment (T9) 600g of P + 0g of PSB + 0g of VAM. In biochemical parameters,the highest TSS (19.34 ˚Brix) and Vitamin C (76.30 mg/100g) was observed in treatment 600g P+100g of PSB+100g of VAM (T12) while the highest total sugar (25.49%) was observed in treatment (T11) 600g of P + 100g of PSB + 0g of VAM and the highest non-reducing sugar(11.76%) was obtained in the application of 400g of P + 100g of PSB + 100g of VAM (T8). For soil nutrient status, treatment (T6) 400g of P + 0g of PSB + 100g of VAM application exhibited the highest EC value 0.95 dSm-1and treatment(T9) 600g of P + 0g of PSB + 0g of VAM reported the highest organic carbon (2.28%) and available phosphorus (34.23 kg/ha) while the highest available potassium (113.04 kg/ha) was observed in treatment (T8)400g of P + 100g of PSB + 100g of VAM. Hence, from the evidences recorded, application of 600g P+100g of PSB+100g of VAM (T12) was found to be more effective for improving the growth, yield and quality of litchi as compared to other combinations.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of biofertilizers on growth, quality, yield and shelf life of Guava (Psidium guajava. L) cv. L-49.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2022-02-04) Debbarma, Monalisa; Hazarika, B.N.; Wangchu, L.The treatment T8 (1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + VAM 100 g) was found significantly increased vegetative growth parameters including plant height (2.97m), plant girth (34.01 cm), canopy spread (N-S) (2.90 m) E-W (2.92) followed by T9 (1/4 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g + VAM 100 g). Yield and yield attributing parameters such as no. of fruiting branches (26.40), No. of fruits per branch (8.60), Fruit set (59.43%) and yield (57.53 kg/plant) were recorded with T8 (1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + VAM 100 g). Days to first flowering (28.73 days), fruit retention (59.76%) was maximum with T9 (1/4 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g + VAM 100 g). Physical parameters fruit length (8.06 cm), fruit volume (206.6 cc) and fruit weight (195.00 g) were highest with T8 (1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + VAM 100 g) and fruit length (8.20 cm) was found highest with T9 (1/4 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g+ Azospirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g+ VAM 100 g) as compared to control (5.58cm). Fruit quality parameters like TSS, Total sugar, non-reducing sugar, ascorbic acidity found maximum with T8(1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g+ Azospirillum 100 g+ VAM 100 g). Titratable acidity and shelf life found non-significant. In soil physico-chemical properties available nitrogen, available potassium, available organic carbon was recorded with T8 (1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + VAM 100 g). Soil phosphorus was recorded with T9 (1/4 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g+ Azospirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g + VAM 100 g) and there was no significant effect on soil PH and Soil EC. From the results of the present research, it can be concluded that, treatment, T8 i.e., ½ RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirilum 100 g + VAM 100 g was the most effective treatment for improving growth, quality, yield and shelf life of guava cv. L-49 followed by ¼ RDF+ Azotobacter 100 g + Azpspirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g + VAM 100 g under Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Panicle Covering on Fruit Maturity, Yield, Quality and Storage of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Muzaffarpur(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2021-12-06) Bidyalaxmi, Rajkumari; Singh, Barun; Wangchu, L.Experimental results revealed that the imposition of different treatments had a significant influence on fruit maturity, yield and improving quality of the fruits. Maximum number of fruits per panicle at the time of harvesting (14.74), highest fruit retention % (68.87), maximum yield/plant (40.35 kg), least fruit cracking % (0.87), highest fruit weight (21.98g), fruit length (26.52mm), fruit diameter(25.50mm), aril weight (15.30g), juice content (10.03 ml) and lowest seed weight (3.20g), maximum TSS (18.94ºBrix), total sugar (16.25%), reducing sugar (13.23%),non-reducing sugar (3.27%) and highest anthocyanin content of the peel (24.28 mg/100g) with minimum titratable acidity (0.24%) were recorded in treatment T9 (Covering of panicle with white colour polythene). As for the storage life of litchi, T3 (Covering of panicle with brown paper) was observed to have the longest shelf life (5 days). However, non-significant effect was found in peel weight, titratable acidity and shelf life of the fruits. Therefore, covering of litchi panicle after fruit setting with white colour polythene in addition to recommended package of practices may be recommended to the litchi growers under hot and humid regions of Arunachal Pradesh to obtain maximum yield and best quality fruits of litchi.ThesisItem Open Access Screening of different citrus rootstock species for NPK uptake efficiency and early graftability”.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2021-11-15) Gaurav, Praveen; Ninthobalm, Devchandra; Wangchu, L.The treatment details of the present experiments were T1 (Karnakhatta), T2 (Rangpur lime), T3 (Samphola), T4 (Volkamariana), T5 (Rough lemon) and T6 (Tasi). The analysis of variance revealed that there was significant variation among the different species. The experimental results showed that treatment T1 (Karnakhatta) exhibited maximum for most of the parameters i.e., extent of polyembryony (36.57 %), plant height (42.00 cm), girth of shoot (5.30 mm), rootstock vigour index (2373.50) root volume (10.33 ml), fresh and dry weight of root (5.08 and 4.62 g) and shoot (6.05 and 5.40 g). T2 (Rangpur lime) had maximum number of leaves (31.50), chlorophyll content a, b and total (2.46, 1.00 and 3.46 mg/g respectively), germination vigour index (8.920) and percentage of NPK in plant leaf sample. Treatment T3 (Samphola) showed maximum germination percent (80.50 %). The highest number of primary roots (72.50) was recorded in treatment T5 (Rough lemon). In this study, T1 (Karnakhatta), T2 (Rangpur lime) and T4 (Volkamariana) recorded high germination percentage, germination vigour index, polyembryony, nutrient uptake, plant height, girth of stem and chlorophyll content. Therefore, it may be concluded that these citrus species have the potentiality as rootstock in North Eastern Region with respect to growth, nutrient uptake and early graftability.
