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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Interrelationship between Metric character of Lentil (Lens Culinaris, Madik )"(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Tarique Shamsh; Dr. K. D. PrasadFifty four genotypes of lentil (Lens culisaris medic) were grown in randomized complete block design during rabi season of 1995 -96. The data recorded on ten quantitative characters viz. days to 50 percent flowering , days to maturity ,plant height , number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index were analysis to find out the estimates of variability , heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficients. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the ten characters. This indicated the inheritant genetic differences among the genotypes for all the characters under the present investigation. Biological yield per plant, harvest index number of secondary branches per plant, harvest index of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and grain yield per plant showed considerable coefficient of variation. Biological yield per plant, harvest index number of secondary branches per plant showed considerable coefficient of variation. High estimate of heritability (broad Sense ) together with high genetic advance in per cent of mean were observed for the charters number of secondary branches per plant number of pods per plant ,grain yield per plant and harvest index. Biological yield per plant also showed moderately high heritability and high genetic advance in per plant had a strong positive association with plant height number of primary branches per plant and harvest index. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters biological yield per plant and harvest index had high positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. The direct contribution of the character ,number of pods per plant was also positive and appreciable. However, its major contribution towards yield was through biological yield per plant. Present investigation thus indicated that biological yield per plant, harvest index per plant, harvest index and number of pods per plant may be considered in selection for increased grain yield in lintil.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Heat Resistant Bacillus Strains Isolated From Different Fermented Foods With Special Reference to Emetic Enterotoxin(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Ram Sarikh Prasad; Dr. Md Kalimuddin1.Twenty five samples (20.83%) were found positive for heat resistant Bacillus cereus out of hundred twenty samples of different fermented foods. 2. All the five types of fermented foods viz. dosa premix, rice beer, idli, curd and soysauce examined, were found to be contaminated with heat resistant Bacillus cereus. The incidence of Bacillus cereus in dosa premix, rice beer, idli, curd and soysauce was 37.50%, 33.33%, 25.00 % , 4.16% and 4.16%, respectively. 3. Area-wise incidence of heat resistant Bacillus cereus in fermented foods viz. Dhurwa, Hinoo, Main road Ranchi, Kanke and Kanke road was 23.21%. 16.65%, 19.98% 23.21%, respectively. 4. The bio typing of the isolates revealed that the fermented foods were contaminated with biotypes 1(16.00 %), 2 (4.00%), 4 (72.00%), 5 (4.00%) and 8 (4.00%). This would help to understand the epidemiology of food poisoning due to Bacillus cereus. 5.Most of the isolates from fermented foods ferment xylose (84.00%) and the findings are in accordance with the European. reports.ThesisItem Open Access Response Of Nitrogen, Potassium And Spacing On Growth And Yield Of Colocasia (Colocasia Esculenta (L) Schott.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Vijay Kumar; Rajesh KumarThe present investigation was conducted for the maximization of tuber yield in colocasia (colocasia asculenta( L) Schott) by the application of nitrogen and potassium along with suitable plant spacing. The experiment was laid out during Kharif 1996.Experience was conducted in randomized Block Design with factorial fashion, comprising of four levels each of nitrogen and potassium (0,40, 80 and 120 Kg ha-1) and two different spacing S1(60cm X 45 cm) to study the effect on growth,yield and quality of colocasia crop. Altogether, the experiment consisted of 32 treatments which were replicated twice. Eighteen plant characters were studied, including economic ,Growth attributes were recorded at 15 days interval. The significant effect of treatments were observed particularly for growth attributes in later stages. The ultimate plant height (78.90 cm), number of leaves (7.00) and leaf width (22.10cm) were recorded maximum in the treatment combination N2K1S2, while girth at the base (19.20cm) and leaf lenghth (37.40cm) were observed maximum in the treatment combination N2K1S1. Among the yield attributes number of cormels per plant (20.40) and cormel weight per plant (300.80g) were found maximum in the treatment combination N2K2S2.Finally the tuber yield per quality plot (10.80 Kg) as well as estimated tuber yield(13.33 ha t/ha) were obtained in the treatment combination N2K2S1.Dry matter percentage was recorded maximum 19.30 per cent for leaves (N3K1S2) and 26.17 percent for tubers (N2K3S2). Interaction effects of nitrogen,potassium and spacing (NxKxS) were found to be nonsignificant for most of the Characters.Interaction effects of NxS andKxS showed that the nutrients with spacing interaction significantly .So far as the economics of the trial was concerned, the treatment combination N 2K2S1 gave the maximum net return (rs. 33.042=60/ha) as well as benefit cost ration (4.74) The present investigation suggested that significant increase in growth attributes as well as yield were observed upto 80 Kg per hectare each of nitrogen and potassium application with spacing of 60x30cm.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on The Management of Gram Pod Borer Helicoverpa Armigera ( Hub ) Through Varietal Selection And Need Based Insecticides(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Sailes Kumar; Devendra PrasadInvestigations were carried out during rabi 1995-96 in the pulse area of Birsa Agriculture University , Kanke Ranchi to develop IPM approaches against Helicoverpa armigera infesting chickpea under the agro climatic condition prevailing around Kanke. In general increasing trend of the larval population of H. armigera were recorded at different stages of crop growth .Higher levels of the larval population of H armigera were associated with the 50 percent as well as full bloom of chickpea crop which occurred generally during first fortnight if February in mist if the cultivars of bold seeded, high fertility (HF), late sown and desi type of chickpea. However, in the case of Kabuli type, such peaks were obtained one week earlier i.e. 29 th January ,1996. Screening of different cultivars revealed that the better performances were achieved by BGD-82, FG-443 (late sown), BGP-83, ICP-94-132 and IPM-94-129 (Desi type) IPCK-94-4, HK-89-96 (kabuli type) ICP-93-8, BG-1039 (High fertility) and CSG -8943 (Bold seeded ) recording lower larval population of H armigera throughout the plant growth result in lower pod damage and higher grain yield of chickpea. The best performance was recorded by the application of endosulfan (0.07%) suppressing the highest larval population of H.armigera (90.74%) which was also responsible for the lowest pod damage (7.8%)and highest grain yield (1550Kg/ha ) of chickpea .Among neem based insecticides NSKE 5% proved to be the best insecticide reducing larval population to the tune of 89.66% as a result of which lower pod damage 9.5% and higher grain yield (15 q/ha) of chickpea were recorded. Other neem based insecticide also showed better results.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated Weed Management in Maize(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Rakesh Kumar Singh; A.QuayumMaize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal after rice and wheat in India as well as in Bihar. The productivity of maize in Bihar was 18.44 quintal ha-1 with respect of wheat (18.16 gha-1) and rice (9.30 qha-1) in 1993. Besides use as food material it has myriads industrial uses. As maize being a heavy feeder and responsive to nutrients, weeds not only reduces the nutrients but grain yield also followed by lower net profit. With a view to lower the cost of cultivation in maize production in which about 25 per cent cost is involved in weed management, integrated approach towards weed control can be a solution. Because intensive herbicides applications were harmful to environment whereas manual weeding was costly operation, the integrated approach of weed control method was done. Considering the views in mind a field trial on the topic "Integrated weed management in maize" was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, having soil texture sandy loam, soil pH (5.3), organic carbon (0.472%) and medium in soil fertility. Weedy check; 3 hand weedings 15, 30 and 40 DAS; pre emergence atrazine @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 + one hand weeding 20 DAS, pre-emergence atrazine @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-¹ + 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i ha 1 post-emergence 20 DAS; Pre-emergence atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha post-emergence 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i ha 15 DAS+ one hand weeding 20 DAS: post-emergence 2, 4-D 1.0 kg a.i ha 20 DAS: pre-emergence pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg ai ha-1 + post-emergence 2, 4-D 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 20 DAS: pre-emergence pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 + one hand weeding 20 DAS and pre-emergence pendimethalin e 1.0 kg a.1 ha-1 in randomised block design with 10 treatments replicated four times were undertaken to see the different weed flora emergence after different weed control treatments, to ascertain economic agronomic practices and to observe harmful effect of herbicides if any on microbial population. Altogeather 11 to 12 weed flora emerged in maize at 15, 30, 45, 6 DAS and at harvest weeds like Echinochloa colonum Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus and Dactyloctenium aegyptium were recorded at all periods in all the treatments except Echinochloa colanum was absent in the treatment receiving pre emergence atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.1 ha-1 at 45 DAS. Density of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. (34.8 m2) was maximum at harvest. Density of grasses and sedges were less in atrazine and pendimethalin treated plots but broad leaved weeds were found suppressed in 2, 4-D teated plot. Weed dry weight was minimum in herbicide treated plot or in hand weeding treated plot. Maximum weed control efficiency was recorded in three hand weedigs treated plot at 45 DAS. In , latter days, at 45 and 60 DAS and at harvest weed dry weight were . increasing in order in all the treatments. Effect of herbicides in reducing microbial population was observed temporarily for certain periods. Again they (bacteria fungi and actinomycetes) recovered their population at harvest. Number of grains per cob, No. of cobs per plant, grain and staver yield were significantly influenced by weed control treatments. Maximum grain yield and maximum net profit was found in pre-emergence pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 + one hand . weeding 20 DAS treated plot. Statistically similar net profit was recored in the treatment receiving pre-emergence atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1. Higher benefit cost ratio and higher monetary use efficiency were observed in pre-emergence atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i -- ha-1 treated plot. The treatment receiving pre-emergence atrazine e 0.5 kg a. ha-1 + one hand weeding 20 DAS was the best choice . in per cent increase in yield over control. The minimum value of grain yield, gross income, net profit, benefit cost ratio and monetary use efficiency was found in weedy check (control plot).ThesisItem Open Access Fertilizer Management In Late Sown Wheat(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Sant Prasad Singh; U N VermaLate seeding of wheat is a common and popular practice among the farming community of this region to cater the need of different cropping systems. Hence a field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1994-95 to Find out the fertilizer requirement of different degree of late planted wheat HD 2285 for high yield on sandy loam soil (silt 21.3%, clay 19.2%), low in available N (185 kg/ha) and medium in available P (10.9 kg/ha) and K (185.6 kg/ha) of Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting of 4 seeding times, moderately late (1 December); late (16 December); very late (1 January) and extremely late (18 January) in main plot and 4 levels of fertilizer NPK, No0oKo. Naole. 7K16.e. NeoP17.5K24.0 and N120P28.2K33.2 kg/ha in sub-plot and replicated thrice. Moderately late sown crop responded to N120P28.2K39.2 with maximum CGR (27.42 g/m²/day during 60-75 DAS), spike bearing tillers (492/m²), test weight (48.73 g), grain yield (48.33 g/ha) straw yield (70.56 g/ha), nitrogen (179.84 kg/ha) and phosphorus (17.28 kg/ha) removal, net energy output (116973 MJ/ha), net return (Rs.24,572/ha) and net benefit: cost ratio (Rs. 3.09 on each rupee investment). The crop planted late responded to NeoP 17.5K24.0 with maximum CGR (14.59 g/m²/day during 60-75 DAS). spike-bearing tillers (296/m²), test weight (43.18 g), grain yield (31.44 q/ha), straw yield (43.05 q/ha), nitrogen (120.5 kg/ha) and phosphorus (9.93 kg/ha) removal, net energy output (70614 MJ/ha), net return (Rs. 13941/ha) and net benefit:cost ratio (Rs. 1.97 on each rupee investment). Similarly very late and extremely late planted crops exhibited response only upto N40P8.7K18.8 with spike-bearing tillers (202 and 168/m²), test weight (33.98 and 28.34 g), grain yield (18.11 and 13.33 g/ha) and straw yield (24.51 and 16.78 q/ha) and net return of Rs. 5,891 and Rs. 2,653/ha respectively. Crop duration was reduced by 6,15 and 24 days when sown under late, very late and extremely late condition, respectively, compared with the crop sown moderately late (115 days). The corresponding reduction in grain growth duration was 4,8, and 10 days respectively against moderately late wheat (36 days). However, heat-unit requirement was almost similar to attain anthesis (814 to 1365 degree day) irrespective of seeding time. Based on the findings of present investigation it can be concluded that moderately late planted wheat requires 120 kg N. 26.2 kg P and 33.2 kg K/ha whereas late sown wheat requires 80 kg N, 17.5 kg P and 24.9 kg K/ha for high yield and profit. However, very late and extremely late wheat requires only 40 kg N, 8.7 kg P and 16.6 kg K/ha.ThesisItem Open Access Participation of Scheduled Caste Women in Farm and Home Activities(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Ashok Kumar; R.P.Singh "Ratan"The conclusion drawn from the above finding lead to summaries that wide spread illiteracy among scheduled caste farm woman and their poor socio – economic status have compelled them to be unware and ignorant of the new developments in farming as well as their very poor input in farm related decisions. On the other hand it is evident from the finding that womens higher rates of indepentdent participant in farm and home related activities have affected their health adversely leading to a number of minor and major health hazards/problems.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative Performance of Tomato ( Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill) Cultivars For Spring Summer Season(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Punam Horo; B.P. JainTomato is a crop for health and happiness of the human being in the form of vegetable and fruit . Production of tomato is the outcome of interaction between, genetic constitution of the variety and environment in which they grow. For raising a good crop environment condition such as temperature, light, rainfall and humidity should be favorable. In comparison, tomato kis hardly to withstand against high temperature condition than several other vegetable crops. In Northern India two sowing is done, in June-July for the autumn and November-December for the spring. Tomato is grown mainly during rabi season. There are various cultivars of tomato which are either suitable for knowledge about their performance in different agro –climate conditions regarding yield potentialities and morphological characters. So, the experiment entitled “comparative performance of tomato cultivars for spring – summer season” was conducted in the cropping year 1996 .In this experiment , the same seed rate as well as similar management practices were given to all 18 varieties of tomato tested which tested which were hybrids and open pollinated (op) varieties .All treatments were replicated three times in a randomized Block design. During the course of investigation, it was observed that maximum plant height (55.00),Maximum number of branches (17.00) and maximum number of leaves (68.00) were found in cvs. Arka abha,TC 1 etc.but maximum girth of stem (4.67cm) and north to south and east to west spread of plants were found in the hybrids Rashmi and Rupali respectively. Due to summer season , there was less number of days taken for flowering ,fruiting and picking of fruits cv. Pb. Chuhara took more time for flowering, fruiting and picking. TRhe maximum polar fruit length was recorded in cv .Roma and maximum horizontal fruit size in hybrid vaishali. Volume of fruit was directly related to the size of fruit. The maximum weight of a fruit (85gm) was found in the hybrid vaishali and minimum (20.00gh) was in the pant T3. Maximum number of fruits (30.66) Per plant were obtained from the varities pant T3, which was significantly superior to rest others. Maximum weight of fruit was found in the hybrid Dhanshree, but maximum yield per plot and per hectare was found in Rupali. Maximum wilting percentage was found in hybrid vaishali (83%) and minimum (28%) in the cv Arka Abha. In qualitative characters, maximum juice percentage(81%) maximum T.S.S. (6.33) and maximum acidity (0.70%) were found in cvs KS2,LE 79 Pant Nager and money maker respectively .Maximum number of locules (06) was found in Bhagyashree. All hybrids as well as in other cultivars pb chuhara and Rome were of thicker skin and rest were of thin skin. The hybrid cultivar Rupali gave maximum yield and economic return under same management and cultural operations but there was 50 % wilting. Among other verities testes Tc1 gave higher return (Rs34.141.00) followed by cultivar Arka Abha with yield 156.37 q/ha and return Rs.31.723.50 and in this varieties ,minimum attack of wilting was found. Association analysis revealed that yield of tomato positively correlated with most of the characters except days taken of flowering (0.017) and wilting percentage of plants (0.259) Thus it may be concluded that the cultivar Arka Abha was found most suitable for farmers in spring summer season because there was minimum percentage of wilting (25%) and required low cost of production than hybrids.ThesisItem Open Access Floral And Pomological Studies on Some Promising Cultivars of Litchi ( Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) Under Chotanagpur Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Ravi Shanker; B. K. BhagatThe litchi (lichi chinensis sonn) belonging to family sapindaceae is one of the most important subtropical evergreen fruit tree in India. It is a delicious, juicy and refreshing fruit of excellent quality .India is the second largest producer of litchi next to china. The important problems associated with poor production of litchi before maturity, splitting and cracking of fruits etc. The poor fruit setting and high percentage of fruit drop are major serious problems in litchi production. The present investigation on floral and cosmological study of five litchi cultivars was carried out during 1995-96, in the horticulture Department of Birsa Agricutural University,Kanke,Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD).There were altogether five treatment, which were replicated four times. The litchi cultivar Deshi was the earliest in panicle emergence and flowering wheras late Bedana was late in these phenomena. The number of flowering per panicle as well as the number of hermaphrodite flowers per panicle, a base for fruiting was maximum in purbi and minimum in early Bedana. The highest percentage of fruit set was observed in Purbi whereas it was lowest in Early Bedana. Maximum fruit drop was recorded in cultivar purbi and minimum in late bedana. Purbi excelled in yield and fruit quality over other cultivars. However ,fruit weight in Early Bedana .Similarly aril percentage as well as juice percent was found highest in early bedana and lowest in Purbi. Further the percent of stone, size of stone , volume of stone and weight of stone was found minimum in Early Bedana. The percent of skin in fruit was minimum in Desi and maximum in purbi. The maximum juice/rag ration was observed in Early Bedana and minimum in late Bedena .Maximum TSS and minimum acidity was observed in purbi. The litchi is prized fruit for its excellent quality. Its cultivation is becoming popular in the chotanagpur region. The information contained in this thesis will be useful to the growers in selecting suitable cultivar for plantation besides its utility in breeding operation for the horticulturists working on this crop.
