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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON ESTRUS INDUCTION RESPONSE AND FERTILITY PERFORMANCE IN ANESTRUS COWS TREATED WITH Aegle marmelos (bael) AND Murraya koenigii (curry leaves)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kujur, Anju; Sinha, M.P.The study was envisaged with the objectives to assess the effect of feeding bael and curry leaves either alone or in combination on the estrus response and the time interval from the last day of treatment to the day on onset of estrus and conception rate after treatment. The effect was also seen on the blood serum level of phosphorus, magnesium, copper, calcium and cholesterol The study was conducted on 24 anestrus cows which were selected on the basis of history of an animal suggested failure to exhibit estrus 60 days or more postpartum and animals with smooth and quiescent ovaries and without any pathological abnormalities. The selected cows were allotted to four groups containing 6 animals in each group. Different doses of prepared powder of curry and bael leaves were fed orally to the different treated groups for 9 days. Group I was the control group where animals were not given any medication and the animals in group II were fed curry powder at the dose rate of 400mg/kg body weight and animals of group III were given bael leaves powder at the dose rate of 500mg/kg of body weight and animals of group IV were fed combination of both curry and bael leaves powder at dose rate of 200mg/kg and 250mg/kg of body weight for 9 days.ThesisItem Open Access CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL, CYTOCHEMICAL, CYTOENZYMIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON BLOOD CELLS OF EMU(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumar, Kundan; Mehta, SureshThe present study was conducted on blood cells of twelve healthy adult emu birds. The formed element includes erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. The leucocytes can be further classified into granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). The erythrocytes were nucleated, oval to elongated in shape and were 15.20 ± 0.16μm in length and 8.11 ± 0.18m in width. The nuclei were centrally placed and rounded, oval to elongated in shape. The heterophils were almost rounded to spherical in shape and measured 12.53 ± 0.14 m in diameter. The nuclei were mostly 2-4 lobed and varied in shape, size and number. Nuclei were eccentrically placed and connected with very thin and fine strands. The eosinophils were largest in size and slightly elongated to round in shape with size of 12.78 ± 0.13 m in diameter. The nuclei of eosinophils were eccentrically placed and mostly bilobed. The cytoplasmic granules were strongly eosinophilic which were pink in colour, large, round, numerous and uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The basophils were pear to oval in shape and 12.66 ± 0.19 m in diameter. The nuclei of basophils were partially visible as the cytoplasm was filled with numerous dark, rounded bluish- purple color basophilic granules mostly concentrated at periphery. Most common lymphocytes were small sized lymphocytes with mean diameter of 6.19 ± 0.15 m. The medium sized lymphocytes were almost rounded in shape and 8.45 ± 0.23 m in size. The large sized lymphocytes were 10.00 ± 0.18 m in diameter. The monocytes were roughly rounded in shape and measured 12.01 ± 0.36 m in diameter. The cytoplasm was foamy in appearance due to presence of large number of vacuoles in monocytes. The thrombocytes were oval to round in shape and 7.10 ± 0.20 m in diameter. The blood smears of emu were firstly stained with ToluidineThesisItem Open Access Studies on Pancreatic Pathology and Its Correlation with Different Wasting Disease Conditions of Poultry(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) KUMAR, BRAJESH; Gupta, M. K.3796) birds examined showed definite pancreatic pathology. Maximum incidence of pancreatic pathology was observed in fungal (83.33%) and metabolic (82.86%) diseases whereas least pancreatic pathology was registered in viral diseases (16.41%). The overall incidence of pancreatic pathology in viral disease other than RD has been observed to be 66.95%. Disease wise incidence of pancreatic involvement is significantly higher in cases of IBD (94.74%) followed by IB (93.33%) and pasteurellosis (90.48%). Contrary to rest of the viral diseases the pancreatic pathology was extremely low (13.61%) due to RD though mortality of birds registered was highest, followed by pneumonia of bacterial origin ( 16.58% ). Incidence of pancreatic pathology in different poultry varieties showed that broiler birds were most susceptible (75.34%) to develop pancreatic pathology whereas Vanraja (14.29) variety showed significantly low susceptibility. Age group wise maximum pancreatic pathology was registered in grower birds (33.69%) followed by chicks (20.06%) and adult birds (19.54%). A significant variation was also observed in susceptibility to increased pancreatic pathology under different disease conditions between the three age groups. It was observed that highest percentage of pancreatic pathology was observed in monsoon season (28.84%) followed by summer (22.57%) and least was observed in winter season (12.92%). Though the incidence of pancreatic pathology was less in summer season the percentage of pancreatic involvement was significantly higher for most of the disease conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Therapeutic efficacy of Coriandrum sativum in Bovine Sub-clinical mastitis(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) kumar, Piyush; Sahay, SwatiThe present study was conducted to assess the prevalence, epidemiological risk factors, diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of Coriandrum sativum in sub-clinical mastitis of lactating cows in and around Ranchi district of Jharkhand. A total of 112 lactating cows and 444 quarter samples were screened on the basis of Mastrip, MWST, CMT, SFMT and were confirmed by SCC and cultural examination. Data regarding infected quarter, herd size, parity, stage of lactation, age, milk yield, housing system and managemental practices were recorded during sampling. The overall prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis on cow basis was 53.57% and that on quarter basis was recorded as 16.89%. The prevalence of SCM in left fore, left hind, right fore and right hind quarters was 15.17%, 20.00%, 14.41% and 18.02% respectively. Herd wise prevalence of SCM in organized and unorganized herds on cow basis was 49.32% and 61.54%% which on quarter basis was 14.04% and 22.37% respectively. Parity wise prevalence of SCM in Ist, IInd, IIIrd and >IIIrd lactation was 40.00, 48.15, 62.07 and 61.29 percent respectively on cow basis, while the same was recorded as 12.00, 17.59, 18.10 and 19.17 percent respectively on quarter basis. Prevalence of SCM with regards to early, mid and late stage of lactation (animal wise) was penned as 75.60, 48.64 and 32.35 percent, whereas 20.24, 15.75 and 14.07 pecent respectively on quarter basis. It was found 58.97%, 76.31% and 22.85% prevalent in cows of 8 years of age respectively whereas that in quarters were noted as 19.09%, 21.15% and 9.56% respectively. The prevalence of SCM was found increased with increase in milk yield. It was recorded 34.21% in cows with low yield (15lts) cows. Similarly the prevalence was 13.81, 16.88 and 20.29 percent respectively on quarter basis.ThesisItem Open Access AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF CENTELLA ASIATICA AND ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA IN THE TREATMENT OF PARVO VIRAL INFECTION OF PUPS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Shweta Xaxa, Lovelin; Kumar, PraveenSynergistically two herbal drugs Centella asiatica and Andrographis Paniculata in group T3 showed better therapeutic efficacy and antioxidant property than all the treatment groups used in this experiment. Andrographis paniculata alone also showed the better antioxidant property in comparison to Vit E and Selenium and Centella asiatica on 7th day of treatment. T3> T1> T4>T2 It seems that Andrographis paniculata is playing a dominant role in the synergistic combination and also alone as antioxidant and gave the better therapeutic efficacy. In the field condition where there is lack of facility of proper treatment, combination of Centella asiatica and Andrographis paniculata may be used as an antistress and antioxidant agent for early recovery in disease condition. FUTURE PROSPECTS Further studies on the two herb Centella asiatica and Andrographis paniculata can be done for evaluating phytoconstituents responsible for medicinal property of the herb in treatment in gastroenteritis. Extensive epidemiological studies on canine parvo virus should be conducted in and around Ranchi. Studies on use of antioxidants in the treatment of gastroenteritis. There is a need to formulate poly herbal drugs as antistress and antioxidants for early recovery from disease.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION SOURCES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ICTS FOR TRANSFER OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TECHNO(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Kumari, Shobha; Pandey, Alok KumarSince most of respondents were educated up to primary level and low level of literacy is one of the main cause of non utilization of ICT, therefore strong policy should be formulated for enhancing educational level of the community to enhance the access to ICTs. Awareness and access of ICT should be increased amongst people as ICT is an important media to increase the knowledge level of people. Mass media has been very instrumental in increasing the awareness of farmers towards different social issues but has a very limited impact on A.H sector. The level of interaction of the people to different types of mass media should be increased as for example more organization of KisanMela, KisanGoshthi, circulation of Newspapers, Magazines and increased internet literacy among the people. Significant difference was found between Near the block and Away from the block respondents as T value was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for various parameters which were important indicator of their knowledge. So effective plans and schemes might be made to increase the radius and extent of people oriented extension programme by the government to make it more far reaching. Knowledge level of adoption of various animal husbandry practices is still dissatisfactory (Medium or Low), which means that the agriculture and animal husbandry practices should be made on more scientific lines for which farmer should avail proper knowledge and training.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF UNSTABLE LONG BONE FRACTURE WITH INTERNAL FIXATION IN COMBINATION WITH TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND AUTOLOGOUS CANCELLOUS BONE GRAFT IN DOGS(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Kumar, Bidya Bhushan; Sharma, A.K.The present study was conducted on the fractured cases in companion animals reported at Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Ranchi Veterinary College, Kanke, Ranchi for the treatment. The study has been conducted in two parts. In part one the fractured cases reported between January 2012 to December 2017 have been screened from the available record to find out the incidence regarding animals affected, etiology, breed, age, sex, types of fracture and method of fracture fixation. In part two the study has been conducted on femur and tibia fracture in 15 clinical cases on either sex presented for the treatment at Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Ranchi Veterinary College, Kanke Ranchi.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative Study on Isolation and Identification of Methicillin Resistant and Non Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus from Mastitic Milk(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Kumari, Sweeta; Prasad, ArunComparative Study on Isolation and Identification of Methicillin Resistant and Non Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus from Mastitic MilkThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL, CYTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOENZYMIC STUDY ON BLOOD CELLS OF DOMESTIC FOWL, GUINEA FOWL AND PIGEON(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Kumar, Naveen; Mehta, SureshErythrocytes were round to oval in shape with length of 10.21 ± 0.29 µm and width of 8.4 ± 0.38 µm in fowl. They were elongated in shape with length of 12.03 ± 0.20 µm and width of 7.01 ± 0.06µm in guinea fowl whereas elongated with length of11.66 ±0.22 µm and width of 6.19 ± 0.15 µm in pigeon. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes of domestic fowl and pigeon were homogenous pink colour whereas homogenous with light pink colour in guinea fowl. In fowl the nuclei were elliptical, oval,or round while in guinea fowl and pigeon they were elongated. The nuclei stained violet-blue in fowl and pigeon whereas in guinea fowl it was light pink. Heterophils were almost round in shape with average diameter10.99 ± 0.18 µm in fowl. While they were almost round with slight bulging in shaped with size of 11.35 ± 0.13 µm in guinea fowl and rounded shaped and measured 10.11 ± 0.17 µm in pigeon. The nuclei of heterophils were 2-4 lobed in fowl, 3-4 lobed in guinea fowl and 2-3 lobed in pigeon. In fowl, the arrangement of nuclear segments were spiral, S, and M .In guinea fowl, the arrangement of nuclear segments were U and 8. In pigeonthe nuclei were 2 to 3 lobed. The arrangement of nuclear segments were S, U and V shaped .Eosinophils were rounded in shape in fowl as well as guinea fowl and round to oval in pigeon. The average dimeter was9.11 ± 0.25mmin fowl, 11.5±0.12 mm in guinea fowl and 10.44 ± 0.26 mm in pigeon. In fowl, the nuclei were mostly two to three lobed. The darkly stained, chromatin materials were distributed in patches. The cytoplasmic granules were round, coarse, numerous, and homogeneously distributed throughout the cytoplasm and eosinophilic. In guinea fowl, the nuclei were generally three to four lobed .The size and arrangement of lobes varied greatly. The cytoplasm was relatively darker and cytoplasmic granules were densly packed. The cytoplasm was moderately eosinophilic. In pigeon, the nuclei were 2-4 lobed. The cytoplasm was comparatively darkly stained. The cytoplasmic granules were round, and, loosely packed. Basophils were irregularly rounded in fowl, oval to elongated in guinea fowl and rounded in pigeon. The average size was 7.53 ± 0.20mm in fowl, 8.30 ± 0.16 mm in guinea fowl and 7.73 ± 0.15 mm in pigeon. In all the three species nuclei were not clearly visible. The cytoplasm was comparatively lighter in fowl as well as pigeon and generally darkly stained in guinea fowl. The cytoplasmic granules were comparatively lighter in fowl and pigeon whereas comparatively darker in guinea fowl. It gives foamy appearance in fowl. Small lymphocytes were almost round in fowl, almost rounded with few blebs in guinea fowl where as almost rounded to oval in pigeon. Their size was 7.90 ±0.07 mmin fowl, 8.40 ± 0.09mm in guinea fowl and 8.27 ±0.11 mm in pigeon. Medium sized lymphocytes were elongated to rounded in fowl, rounded to oval in guinea fowl whereas irregularly rounded in pigeon. Their size was 8.5 ± 0.12mm in fowl, 9.92 ± 0.16mm in guinea fowl and 9.5 ±0.16 mm in quail. Large lymphocytes were rounded to oval in fowl while irregularly rounded in guinea fowl as well as in pigeon. Their size was 10.09 ± 0.18mm in fowl, 10.94 ± 0.11mm in guinea fowl and 10.30 ±0.10 mm in pigeon. In fowl, small lymphocytes had almost spherical nuclei surrounded by a peripheral cytoplasm. The cytoplasm stained comparatively darker in colour. In medium sized lymphocytes cytoplasm was comparatively more in compare to small lymphocyte. In large sized lymphocytes, nuclei were irregularly oval in shaped .Cytoplasm was comparatively more than small and medium sized lymphocytes.In guinea fowl, small lymphocytes almost irregular shaped nuclei surrounded by a thik cytoplasm. The medium sized lymphocytes had comparatively less amount of cytoplasm than compared to small lymphocytes. In large sized lymphocytes, nuclei were irregular shaped which had small amount of cytoplasm. The cytoplasm was comparatively darkly stained. In pigeon, small lymphocytes had almost rounded in shape and occupied almost all area. The medium sized lymphocytes had irregularly rounded shaped nuclei with comparatively less amount of cytoplasm than small lymphocytes. The large sized lymphocytes had almost round nuclei with large amount of cytoplasm than small and medium sized lymphocytes. The cytoplasm stained comparatively darker in colour. Monocytes were rounded in fowl, elliptical to rounded in guinea fowl and almost rounded in pigeon. Their size was 10.19 ± 0.11mm in fowl, 12.0 ±0.13mm in guinea fowl and 10.82 ± 0.14mm in pigeon. In fowl, the nucleus was eccentric and rounded in shape. The cytoplasm was foamy in appearance due to presence of large number of vacuoles. In guinea fowl, the nuclei were eccentric, irregular and horse shoe shaped. In pigeon, the nuclei were irregular shaped and eccentrically placed. The cytoplasm was foamy in appearance with few vacuoles and granular dots. The cytoplasm stained comparatively darker in colour. Thrombocytes were mostly oval in fowl while oval to rounded in guinea fowl as well as in pigeon. Their size was 4.20 ± 0.08 mm in fowl, 4.80 ±0.16 mm in guinea fowl and 5.86 ± 0.10 mm in pigeon. Thrombocytes were the smallest blood cell in all three species. In fowl, the thrombocytes stained reddish violet. They occurred mostly singly or in small group. The nuclei were moderately basophilic and irregularly rounded in shape. Cytoplasm was non-granular. In guinea fowl, the thrombocytes stained moderately violet in colour. They mostely occurred in cluster of large group. Their nuclei were slightly basophilic and rounded in shape. In pigeon, the thrombocytes stained light pinkish. They always occurred in single. The nuclei were elongated in shape, The cytoplasm was less in amount and purple in colour. The basophilic granules showed weak positive reaction in fowl while, strong in guinea fowl and moderately positive in pigeon when the blood smears were stained with toluidine blue stain. Heterophils showed strong positive reaction in guinea fowl, while moderate in pigeon and weak in fowl in their cytoplasm when the blood smears were stained with the periodic acid-Schiff stain. Eosinophil showed strong positive reaction in form of black colour granule in fowl, while moderate in pigeon and weak in guinea fowl when the blood smears were stained with Sudan Black B. Lymphocyte showed strongly positive reaction in fowl while moderate in guinea fowl and weak in pigeon in the form of black-brown patches when blood smears were stained for acid phosphatase. Eosinophil of guinea fowl as well as pigeon showed moderate positive reaction however, reaction was weak in fowl for alkaline phosphatase in the form of brown coloured granules. Eosinophil of guinea fowl as well as pigeon showed strongly positive reaction while reaction was moderately positive in fowl for peroxidase. All cells were negative in all the three species for Non-specific esterase.
