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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Ketamine and Its Combination with Diazepam and Lorazepam in Caprin Surgery(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Shailendra Kumar Singh; P.N. sahay1. Ketamine alone @ 12 mg/kg body wt. induced optimal sedation but very poor analgesia and muscle relaxation in a limited area of the body. 2.Ketamine + diazepam in atropinized goats produced satisfactory sedation, adequate muscle relaxation and optimal analgesia, with smooth induction.. 3.There was abolition of superficial and deep cutaneous reflexes over a wider region of the body permitting surgery of different magnitudes with diazepam ketamine. 4.With Ketamine and lorazepam combination, there was rough induction, unsatisfactory muscle relaxation and analgesia even though sedation was moderate. 5. Hyperglycaemia of varying magnitude was a consistent feature of ketamine anaesthesia and its combination with diazepam and lorazepam. 6.BUN, ALT and AST levels exhibited alterations within the normal physiological limits and suggested non-toxic effect of the anaesthetic regimens on kidney, liver and heart. 7.Atropinization quality of did not seemed to be affecting anaesthesia, even though it countered side effects of ketamine effectively. 8.There was evidence to suggest that surgery stress conditions may be performed with diazepam combination in atropinized goats.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Mite Infection in Dog and Its Control with Special Reference to Demodicosis(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Manoj Kumar Jha; Dr.A.R.DebThe sarcoptes scabiei infestation was observed more 41 (19.09%) whereas Demodex canis was less 21(6.70%) different breeds of dogs. The mite infestation was recorded highest (27.36) in 6-12 months of age group as compared to other age groups. The males were more susceptible (21.83%) to the mites infestation than females (17.26%). Further study revealed that infestation was more common during winter season (22.95%) as compared to other seasons. Dogs reared under good management condition, the occurrence of infestation was less (15.38%). The localised infection of demodicosis was observed more (4.15%) than generalized condition (2.55%). Hematological study in experimentally infected pups revealed lower value of hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume whereas differential leucocyte count showed lymphocytosis and eosinophilia. The biochemical profiles study indicated the increase in the value of globulin where as decrease in cholesterol, total lipid and albumin was observed.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on bacillus Enterotoxins and their Pathogenesis(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Malik Mehboob Willayat; K.G.Narayan1. Six varieties of rice collected from north, south, east and west of Ranchi city were found contaminated to an extent of 50.00, 56.25, 81.25, 87.50, 100.00 and 100.00 percent, respectively, for Sonachur, Rice King, Mansuri, Parmal, Gandevta and Bundu. 2. Percentage of sample bearing heat resistant strains (100°C, 20 minutes) was 7.29 indicating that cooked rice may not be sterile always as is presumed. 3. The biotyping of the isolates revealed that the rice was contaminated with biotypes 7(28.94%), 6( 23,68 %), 5(18,42%) and 2(13.15%). This would help to understand the epidemiology of food poisoning due to Bacillus cereus. 4. Most of the isolates from rice (65.78%) did not ferment xylose and the findings are in accordance with the European reports. 5. The field isolates varied in production of the type of enterotoxins. 45.83 percent isolates produced both emetic as well as diarrhoeal type enterotoxins compared to 33.33 and 20.80 percent producing only emetic and diarrhoeal enterotoxins, respectively. 6. Shake-Cultures incubated at 30-32°C for 5-12 hours was ideal for optimal production of diarrhoeal enterotoxin as tested by VPR and MLT. 7. Bacillus cereus metabolites viz. phospholipase C, hemolysins and the lethal toxins when separated by gel filtration and other Methods did produces VPR or MLT in Vivo but Produced strong in Vitro lecithinovitelline reaction and hemolysis.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Flyash on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation in Certain Crops and Tree Species and Its Impact on Soil Health(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Arvind Kumar; A.K.SarkarFly ash is chemically an amorphous ferro alumino silicate and is an important pollutant in the industrial areas. Bulk of the flyash generated by steel & thermal power plants are used in making bricks, road making and in cement refractory product. Fly ash contains many nutrients essential for plant growth, which could be made use of in increasing crop productivity. but the results have been inconsistent over the ears only recently some valuable information have been generated at this University, through green house experiments with soybean and rice. The present research work is an extension of these studies with field, pot culture and laboratory experiments. The objectives of the present investigation were: 1. Characterization of fly ash obtained from different sources. 2. Yield and uptake of trace metals by cereal and pulse crops grown in flyash amended soils. 3. Influence of flyash on trace metal availability in acid soils. 4. Growth parameters and trace metal content of tree species grown in flyash amended soils. The salient results obtained may be summarized: 1. Properties of flyash varied with the source. Bokaro fly ash was moderately acidic in reaction. IC and ++ exch. Ca++ were high. Flyash was rich in total macro- and micro-nutrients except nitrogen. High available P, K and s and DTPA extractable micro nutrients were found in fly aah samples. content of Pb, Ni and co in Elyash were considerably higher than that in soils. 2. Grain yield of rice, wheat and soybean was higher in 8 to 16% fly ash amended soil compared to soil alone. At recommended level of NPK, flyash favourably influenced crop yields. 3. soils amended with flyash upto 16% level increased the availability of cationic micronutrients in soil and its uptake by crop plants. 4. In onion, flyash increased plant height, total soluble salts and bulb weight at 100 t ha-1 level. Fly ash application increased available B in soil & content in onion bulbs. 5. Growth of tree species such as subabul, chalundi, Karanj, Black siris, shisham and Gamhar in soils alended with 20% flyash was superior than soil alone. Leguminous tree species performed better in this regard. 6. Absorption and translocation of trace metals differed considerably among tree species grown in flyash amended soiled among trace metals higher Ni (2 to 4 mg kg), Pb (2 to 5 mg kg-¹) and Co (6 to 14 mg kg) content in leaves of tree species is a matter of concern. Two tree species, chalundi and Karanj performed better than others at 50% flyash (w/w) level. 7. Flyash addition in acid soil had considerable residual effect as judged by crop yield and uptake of trece metals. It is concluded that: 1. Fly ash upto 16% level can be effectively utilized for increasing crop yield and availability of soil nutrients. Co-application of fertilizers and organic manures is highly beneficial. 2. Fly ash addition enriches soil trace metal availability. 3. Fly ash application at 100 t ha-1 increases plant height of onion with increase in content of boron in onion bulbs and available boron in acid soil. 4. Leguminous tree species can be successfully grown upto 20% £ly ash level. 5. monitoring of trace metals (esp. Ni & Co) in crops and tree species grown in flyash dumps is essential to avoid contamination of soil-plant-animal food chain.ThesisItem Open Access Response Of Nitrogen, Potassium And Spacing On Growth And Yield Of Colocasia (Colocasia Esculenta (L) Schott.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Vijay Kumar; Rajesh KumarThe present investigation was conducted for the maximization of tuber yield in colocasia (colocasia asculenta( L) Schott) by the application of nitrogen and potassium along with suitable plant spacing. The experiment was laid out during Kharif 1996.Experience was conducted in randomized Block Design with factorial fashion, comprising of four levels each of nitrogen and potassium (0,40, 80 and 120 Kg ha-1) and two different spacing S1(60cm X 45 cm) to study the effect on growth,yield and quality of colocasia crop. Altogether, the experiment consisted of 32 treatments which were replicated twice. Eighteen plant characters were studied, including economic ,Growth attributes were recorded at 15 days interval. The significant effect of treatments were observed particularly for growth attributes in later stages. The ultimate plant height (78.90 cm), number of leaves (7.00) and leaf width (22.10cm) were recorded maximum in the treatment combination N2K1S2, while girth at the base (19.20cm) and leaf lenghth (37.40cm) were observed maximum in the treatment combination N2K1S1. Among the yield attributes number of cormels per plant (20.40) and cormel weight per plant (300.80g) were found maximum in the treatment combination N2K2S2.Finally the tuber yield per quality plot (10.80 Kg) as well as estimated tuber yield(13.33 ha t/ha) were obtained in the treatment combination N2K2S1.Dry matter percentage was recorded maximum 19.30 per cent for leaves (N3K1S2) and 26.17 percent for tubers (N2K3S2). Interaction effects of nitrogen,potassium and spacing (NxKxS) were found to be nonsignificant for most of the Characters.Interaction effects of NxS andKxS showed that the nutrients with spacing interaction significantly .So far as the economics of the trial was concerned, the treatment combination N 2K2S1 gave the maximum net return (rs. 33.042=60/ha) as well as benefit cost ration (4.74) The present investigation suggested that significant increase in growth attributes as well as yield were observed upto 80 Kg per hectare each of nitrogen and potassium application with spacing of 60x30cm.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated Weed Management in Maize(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Rakesh Kumar Singh; A.QuayumMaize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal after rice and wheat in India as well as in Bihar. The productivity of maize in Bihar was 18.44 quintal ha-1 with respect of wheat (18.16 gha-1) and rice (9.30 qha-1) in 1993. Besides use as food material it has myriads industrial uses. As maize being a heavy feeder and responsive to nutrients, weeds not only reduces the nutrients but grain yield also followed by lower net profit. With a view to lower the cost of cultivation in maize production in which about 25 per cent cost is involved in weed management, integrated approach towards weed control can be a solution. Because intensive herbicides applications were harmful to environment whereas manual weeding was costly operation, the integrated approach of weed control method was done. Considering the views in mind a field trial on the topic "Integrated weed management in maize" was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, having soil texture sandy loam, soil pH (5.3), organic carbon (0.472%) and medium in soil fertility. Weedy check; 3 hand weedings 15, 30 and 40 DAS; pre emergence atrazine @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 + one hand weeding 20 DAS, pre-emergence atrazine @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-¹ + 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i ha 1 post-emergence 20 DAS; Pre-emergence atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha post-emergence 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i ha 15 DAS+ one hand weeding 20 DAS: post-emergence 2, 4-D 1.0 kg a.i ha 20 DAS: pre-emergence pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg ai ha-1 + post-emergence 2, 4-D 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 20 DAS: pre-emergence pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 + one hand weeding 20 DAS and pre-emergence pendimethalin e 1.0 kg a.1 ha-1 in randomised block design with 10 treatments replicated four times were undertaken to see the different weed flora emergence after different weed control treatments, to ascertain economic agronomic practices and to observe harmful effect of herbicides if any on microbial population. Altogeather 11 to 12 weed flora emerged in maize at 15, 30, 45, 6 DAS and at harvest weeds like Echinochloa colonum Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus and Dactyloctenium aegyptium were recorded at all periods in all the treatments except Echinochloa colanum was absent in the treatment receiving pre emergence atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.1 ha-1 at 45 DAS. Density of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. (34.8 m2) was maximum at harvest. Density of grasses and sedges were less in atrazine and pendimethalin treated plots but broad leaved weeds were found suppressed in 2, 4-D teated plot. Weed dry weight was minimum in herbicide treated plot or in hand weeding treated plot. Maximum weed control efficiency was recorded in three hand weedigs treated plot at 45 DAS. In , latter days, at 45 and 60 DAS and at harvest weed dry weight were . increasing in order in all the treatments. Effect of herbicides in reducing microbial population was observed temporarily for certain periods. Again they (bacteria fungi and actinomycetes) recovered their population at harvest. Number of grains per cob, No. of cobs per plant, grain and staver yield were significantly influenced by weed control treatments. Maximum grain yield and maximum net profit was found in pre-emergence pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 + one hand . weeding 20 DAS treated plot. Statistically similar net profit was recored in the treatment receiving pre-emergence atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1. Higher benefit cost ratio and higher monetary use efficiency were observed in pre-emergence atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i -- ha-1 treated plot. The treatment receiving pre-emergence atrazine e 0.5 kg a. ha-1 + one hand weeding 20 DAS was the best choice . in per cent increase in yield over control. The minimum value of grain yield, gross income, net profit, benefit cost ratio and monetary use efficiency was found in weedy check (control plot).ThesisItem Open Access Fertilizer Management In Late Sown Wheat(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Sant Prasad Singh; U N VermaLate seeding of wheat is a common and popular practice among the farming community of this region to cater the need of different cropping systems. Hence a field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1994-95 to Find out the fertilizer requirement of different degree of late planted wheat HD 2285 for high yield on sandy loam soil (silt 21.3%, clay 19.2%), low in available N (185 kg/ha) and medium in available P (10.9 kg/ha) and K (185.6 kg/ha) of Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting of 4 seeding times, moderately late (1 December); late (16 December); very late (1 January) and extremely late (18 January) in main plot and 4 levels of fertilizer NPK, No0oKo. Naole. 7K16.e. NeoP17.5K24.0 and N120P28.2K33.2 kg/ha in sub-plot and replicated thrice. Moderately late sown crop responded to N120P28.2K39.2 with maximum CGR (27.42 g/m²/day during 60-75 DAS), spike bearing tillers (492/m²), test weight (48.73 g), grain yield (48.33 g/ha) straw yield (70.56 g/ha), nitrogen (179.84 kg/ha) and phosphorus (17.28 kg/ha) removal, net energy output (116973 MJ/ha), net return (Rs.24,572/ha) and net benefit: cost ratio (Rs. 3.09 on each rupee investment). The crop planted late responded to NeoP 17.5K24.0 with maximum CGR (14.59 g/m²/day during 60-75 DAS). spike-bearing tillers (296/m²), test weight (43.18 g), grain yield (31.44 q/ha), straw yield (43.05 q/ha), nitrogen (120.5 kg/ha) and phosphorus (9.93 kg/ha) removal, net energy output (70614 MJ/ha), net return (Rs. 13941/ha) and net benefit:cost ratio (Rs. 1.97 on each rupee investment). Similarly very late and extremely late planted crops exhibited response only upto N40P8.7K18.8 with spike-bearing tillers (202 and 168/m²), test weight (33.98 and 28.34 g), grain yield (18.11 and 13.33 g/ha) and straw yield (24.51 and 16.78 q/ha) and net return of Rs. 5,891 and Rs. 2,653/ha respectively. Crop duration was reduced by 6,15 and 24 days when sown under late, very late and extremely late condition, respectively, compared with the crop sown moderately late (115 days). The corresponding reduction in grain growth duration was 4,8, and 10 days respectively against moderately late wheat (36 days). However, heat-unit requirement was almost similar to attain anthesis (814 to 1365 degree day) irrespective of seeding time. Based on the findings of present investigation it can be concluded that moderately late planted wheat requires 120 kg N. 26.2 kg P and 33.2 kg K/ha whereas late sown wheat requires 80 kg N, 17.5 kg P and 24.9 kg K/ha for high yield and profit. However, very late and extremely late wheat requires only 40 kg N, 8.7 kg P and 16.6 kg K/ha.ThesisItem Open Access Participation of Scheduled Caste Women in Farm and Home Activities(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Ashok Kumar; R.P.Singh "Ratan"The conclusion drawn from the above finding lead to summaries that wide spread illiteracy among scheduled caste farm woman and their poor socio – economic status have compelled them to be unware and ignorant of the new developments in farming as well as their very poor input in farm related decisions. On the other hand it is evident from the finding that womens higher rates of indepentdent participant in farm and home related activities have affected their health adversely leading to a number of minor and major health hazards/problems.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Nitrogen Potassium Planofix And Karanj Cake On The Growth yield Quality of Dwarf Banana (Musa Cavendishii Lamb)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Rana Lalloo Singh; C. SinghStudies on the effect of two levels of Nitrogen (200g, 300g), Potassium (100g, 200g), Karanj cake (500g, 1000g) and Planofix (200 ppm, 300 ppm) plant-1 were made on the growth, yield and quality of Banana cv. Cavendishi. Higher dose of Nitrogen, Potassium and Karanj cake showed better effect on growth, yield and quality of Banana on the other hand lower dose of Planofix had given better performance on above characters. The nutrients and chemicals recorded significant yield and quality of fruit either alone or in combination except the combination of karanj cake with other nutrient and chemicals. Maximum yield was recorded in case of 300 g of Nitrogen alongwith 200 ppm of Planofix with minimum yield in control. Similar trend was noted in other combinations.
