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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Role of certain Additives on Preservation of Beetal and Cross Bred buck Semen(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1987) Khumkchan mani Singh; M.P.Singh1. Incorporation of additives such as Cysteine hydrochloride and Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) either in TEYFC or in EYC extender improved the post preservation quality of bucksemen. 2. Semen of Beetal bucks was superior at all the hours of preservation than that of Cross bred bucks.ThesisItem Open Access Women Farmers Contribution To Sustainable Agriculture in The Tribal Region of Bihar, India(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1995) Niva Bara; Obdulia F. SisonNiva Bara, university of the Philippines at los Bahos, October, December, 1995.Women farmers contribution to sustainable Agriculture in the Tribel Region of Bihar, India. Major Professor : Dr. Blanda R Sumayao. The study examined women farmers contribution to sustainable Agriculture as influenced by certain factor namely personal characteristics (age, education, farming experience and environmental awareness) social- economic factors (farm characteristics, size of farm family labour and credit accessibility) and institutional factors( source of agriculture information, organizational affiliation, contact with change agent and extension exposure). Sustainable agriculture was studied in the context of ecological soundness, economic viability, social justice and humaneness. A total of 288 women farmers from different farming groups in the tribal villages of Bihar, India were the respondents of the study. Different survey techniques using informal and formal interviews, group discussions, meetings and audio tapes were triangulated to obtain the specific information needed. Number crunchers in statistics (NCS) and statically package of social science(SPSS) computer software were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the respondent personal characteristics and the socio-economic and institutional factors as well as their contribution to sustainable agriculture. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to determine the factor affecting women’s contribution to sustainable agriculture. Mean age of the respondents was 38 years and the majority (82%) had no formal education. Those with formal education had a mean eduction level of 1.42 years.Sixty-eight percent had 15-34 years farming experience and their principal occupation was crop farming. Results showed that almost all of the women (99%) contributed highly to sustainable agriculture .This could be traced to their many years of using indigenous farming practices like crop rotation, mixed cropping, use of organic farm manure ,green manuring, terracing, traditional seed varieties ,indigenous crop protection measures and traditional postharvest techniques which to scientists are ecologically and economically sound. The women perceived their indigenous farming practices as economically viable because these ensured their food fuel and fodder for the whole year while using low external inputs. Further more this farm practices in the area where socially just and women since they ensure social equinity cooperation and consideration for gender issue when the community. woman farmers in the area had equal access to natural and physical resource ed like forest product water and agriculture farm implement .They were also giving and receiving assistance from each other in the form of quality seeds, agriculture and labour, They worked as a grower while undertaking farm activity like transplanting when and harvesting farming acitivity where well synchronized and the women where able to reduce operation cost as well as minimized the pest and disease infestation. Correlation and analysis indicated that environmental awareness and organizational affiliation affected contribution to sustainable agricultural at high level of significance organizational affiliation was however inversely co related with contribution to sustainable agricultural credit accessibility and radio listing were significance and 5% level. Step wise regration analysis indicates that among the independent variable only environmental awareness. organizational affiliation and extension exposures had highly significant detect on women’s contribution to sustainable agriculture.ThesisItem Open Access Farmers' Strategies to Cope With Marginal Environment in the Plateau Region of Bihar, India(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Veleria Larra; Obdulia F. SisonLakra, valeria, University of the Philippines los Banos, March 1996 , Farmers’ strategies to cope with Marginal Environment in the Plateau Region of Bihar, India. Major professor : Dr. Virginia R.Cardenas. This study identified and described farming strategies as well as reason for adopting various far farming technique in responses to marginal environment in Hazaribagh, Bihar, India. Household interviews were conducted among 300 respondents using formal interview for one – half of them and structured informal interviews for the other half .Descriptive statistics was used to summarize socio economic and bio physical factors, farming system and effects of the strategies adopted, while bivariate and cannocial correlations were used to exmine the degree of relationships among the variable. Majority of the respondents were small and marginal farmers.They described their farmlands as: flat (100% of the respondents) and gently sloping (97%) less than 25% of land being drought affected (76%) more than 75% of land needing the irrigation (83%) and about 50% of land being affected by pest and diseases (63%). Farming strategies to cope with such environment were several. Farmers used cropping system, such as rotational cropping, mixed cropping and sequential cropping for varying primary reasons. During the rainy season, majority of the farmers chose to plant pulses, oil seeds, millets, rice and fiber crop in unfavourable lands with low soil fertility, while rice, maize, vegetables were planted in favourable lands. Traditional varieties of short duration crops were chosen for a good crop yield .Crop –livestock integration was a highly profitable enterprise for farm household. Farm yard manure was used in both unfavourable and favourable lands to improve the soil fertility and land productivity. Crop rotation in unbunded land rotating different varieties of a crop in bunded lands were considered the best strategies to improve soil fertily .In order to overcome water insufficiency effects during a cropping season, farmers used local varieties of crops that had tolerance to drought or those which could avoid it by maturing before drought set in. Indigenous practices as well as chemical pesticide were used to control pests and diseases. Farmers were also engaged in land-sharing. Off-farm and non- farm activities in order to increase their income. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that all the bio- physical factors were significantly related to cropping system, while socio- economic factors were significantly related to cropping systems, and income augmentation strategies. Canonical correlation showed highly significant relationship between different groups of variables, rejecting all the null hypotheses. It can be concluded that these farming strategies were need- based farming for subsistence. The strategies adopted by the respondents were found not only meeting subsistence needs but also contributing to sustainable agriculture.ThesisItem Open Access Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (Linum sitatissimum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.TrivediLinseed is predominantly a autogamous crop of industrial significance. Inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability, heterosis and correlation through dialled analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing states were obtained from Project Co-ordinator (Linseed), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. These varieties were crossed in 8 x 8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids. These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, combining ability and correlation co-efficient. The analysis of variance was highly significant for oil yield and its components. Variability in the parents and reciprocals, though was non-significant yet was significant in Parents Vs Crosses and F₁ Vs Reciprocals. Manifestation of heterosis was variable in magnitude and nature among corresponding characters in F₁ and F2 hybrids of direct and reciprocal cross. Heterosis as high as 230.90 percent over superior parent was obtained for oil yield in R-7 x Garima, 69,01 percent for oil content in T 397 x R-7 and 202.34 percent for seed yield in Jawahar-23/10 x Garima.Cross Mukta x R-7 was identified as highest heterotic cross for oil yield, seed yield and oil content. CONT Use of parent as pollen or seed parent had a significant difference in heterotic behaviour of the cross. Parents Neelum, Garima and R-17 were identified as best seed parents against R-7 and Jawahar-23/10 as pollen parents. Estimates of GCA and SCA variances obtained were highly significant for oil yield and its components, Non-additive components played major role in expression of oil yield, oil content and seed yield where as other characters exhibited importance of additive component in their expression. The general combining ability effects corresponded fairly with that of per se performance of the parents for all characters except oil content, number of capsules and number of secondary branches per plant. For oil yield, oil content and seed yield though none of the parent was best / good general combiner, yet best / good specific combinations for these traits were obtained from poor x poor combiners. It was noticed that high specific combinations for oil yield were also high specific combinations for seed yield but all high specific combinations for oil content and seed yield components were not necessarily high specific combinations for oil yield. Genotypic correlation co-efficient was higher than phenotypic. Correlation Oil yield was favorably associated with oil content, seed yield, number of capsules and number of secondary branches. Selection of these characters was suggested to increase oil yield.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium and PGR on Growth Yield Quality and Processing of Cape -Gooseberry (Physalis Peruviana Linn)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1988) Keshow Kumar Jha; B.P. JainStudies on the effect of four levels of nitrogen (60Kg, 80Kg, 100Kg and 120Kg/ha), three levels of phosphorus (50kg, 75kg, and 100 Kg/ha) and two levels of potassium (50 kg and 100Kg/ ha) and two levels of GA3 (20 and 40ppm) and ethrel (200and 300ppm) were made on growth, yield , quality and storage capability of cape gooseberry during 1991-1992 and 1992-1993 in the department of horticulture, Birsa Agriculture university kanke Ranchi. Higher dose of nitrogen (120Kg/ha) phosphorus (100 Kg/ ha) and potassium (100Kg/ ha) had shown promising effect on growth, yield and quality of cape- gooseberry. Jam can be stored upto 365 days at room temperature with very good taste in N3P3K2 treatment. In second experiment crop was grown with the recommended dose of N,P, K i.e 80:80:80 (singh et. al , 1977). Higher dose of GA3 (40ppm) gave 54.25q/ha and ehtrel (300 ppm ) gace 51.05q/ha whereas control gave only 48.50 q/ha. A yield of 74.18 q/ha was attained with the application of NPK @ 120, 100, and 100Kg/ ha in control with maximum cost : benefit ratio of 1:2.13.ThesisItem Open Access Some Aspect of Mastitis in Buffaloes(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1987) Praveen kumar; Dr. A.K.SinhaHazarduous effect of mastitis on the socio-economic status of the farmers through the loss of milk and health of the animals leading to their culling and sacrifice is well established. With a view to asses the incidence and prevalence of mastitis in buffaloes in and around Ranchi in different farms with respect of daily milk yield, month of lactation, parity, types of infection and quarterwise infection by different indirect tests, the present investigation work was undertaken. To study these aspects of mastitis in buffaloes one organised farm, three unorganised farms and several private owners comprising the mixed group in and around Ranchi were taken for this study. Out of 259 milch animals 112 buffaloes were examined for incidence and prevalence of mastitis by indirect tests viz.trypsin inhibitor test, modified California mastitis test and bromothymol blue indicator card test and clinical observations were carried out to detect clinical, subclinical and chronic mastitis in these animals. To find out the causative organisms of mastitis and for their cure; culture, isolation, identification, sensitivity to different drugs, biological test for confirmations and drug trials for their treatment with different drugs were carried out in 29 buffaloes who were found positive for mastitis. Comparison of indirect tests for its suitability in detecting mastitis and efficacy of treatment for selection of drugs and line of treatment were carried out to have a better result of the research,ThesisItem Open Access An Economic Analysis of Wheat Production and Yield Gap in Ranchi(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1995) Rakesh Roshan Kumar Singh; R.K.PandayWheat, an energy-rich cereal, serves as staple food and provides about 20 per cent of the total food calories of the human diet. Wheat is cultivated throughout the world on an area about 232 million hectares. India with 25.40 million hectares is the fourth largest wheat growing country in the world. India produces about 68.71 million tonnes (1996-97) with the productivity of 27 q/ha. The productivity of wheat in Bihar is about 17.95 q/ha and Ranchi district is about 13.15 q/ha. The present study was undertaken in Kanke block of Ranchi district, selected purposively because of the fact that Birsa Agricultural University was established in 1981 at Kanke (Ranchi) and various Research projects on wheat are being conducted by this University in this area since then. Four village namely Nagri, Chamma, Bukru and Chaubey Khatanga were selected by random sampling among the list of wheat growing villages in Kanke block. A total of 45 samples (17 marginal - below 1.0 hectare, 15 small - 1.0 to 2.0 hectares and 13 medium - 2.0 to 4.0 hectares farms) were selected randomly according to proportionate to sample size of each group. Data were collected with the help of pre tested schedule/questionnaire through survey method for the year 1995-96. The results revealed that the per farm total area under wheat cultivation were 0.09, 0.16 and 0.60 hectare on the marginal, small and medium farms which constituted about 10.22, 10.66, and 15.95 per cent of the total gross cropped area were devoted under wheat cultivation as compared to other crops in the Rabi season by all categories of the farms in the area under investigation. The cropping intensity were 118.00, 125.00 and 128.00 per cent on the marginal, small and medium farms, respectively. The benefit-cost ratio analysis gives an indication of efficiency with respect to management and overall farm organization. The economics of wheat cultivation indicated that the benefit-cost ratio over various costs were in order of Rs.3.27, 3.05 and 3.32 over cost A₁, Rs.3.27, 3.05 and 3.32 over cost Az, Rs.2.17, 2.12 and 2.36 over cost B and Rs.1.47, 1.50 and 1.72 over cost C on marginal, small and medium farms respectively. The results revealed that the benefit-cost ratio was much higher over cost A, as compared to other costs. It was also found that benefit-cost ratio more on the medium farms than the other size group of the farms. It was clearly indicated that the return over per rupee investment was higher on the medium size group of the farm than the other size group of the farm in the area under investigation. A comparative picture of yield of different varieties of wheat at various level of fertilizer doses an experimental field and farmer's field were analyzed. It was found that the yield gap of wheat was about 257.57, 238.21 and 183.93 per cent over marginal, small and medium farms respectively in the experiments conducted at Fi (80 kg N + 0 kg P + 8 kg K), F₂ (120 kg N + @ kg P + @ kg K) and F3 (160 kg N + @ kg P + 8 kg K) level of fertilizers under All India Co-ordinated Wheat Improvement Project. It was also found that the maximum gap was noted over marginal size group of the farms than the other size group of the farms. The results revealed that the yield gap of wheat was about 195.18, 179.20 and 136.04 per cent over marginal, small and medium size group of the farms respectively in the experiments conducted at S₁ (40 kg N + 32 kg P + 16 kg K), S₂ (88 kg N + 32 kg P + 16 kg K) and S3 (120 kg N + 32 kg P + 16 kg K) level of fertilizers under Cropping System Project. It was also found that yield gap was higher on marginal farms than the other size group of the farms. The study clearly indicated that the average yield of farmers in Ranchi district (25 kg N + 20 kg P + 10 kg K level of fertilizers) were lower than the yield obtained on the sample farms. It was found that the yield gap was lower by 8.23, 13.28 and 26.61 per cent over marginal (35 kg N + 25 kg P + 15 kg K), small (40 kg N + 20 kg P + 20 kg K) and medium (45 kg N + 25 kg P + 20 kg K) farms respectively. So, yield of wheat could be increased much higher even after the application of medium farmer doses of fertilizer (1.e. 45 kg N + 25 kg P + 20 g K = 90 kg fertilizer) in the Ranchi district as a whole. Therefore, it was concluded that the possibilities of increasing wheat production was much higher in Ranchi district as a whole by judicious use of fertilizer application main and other resources. It was revealed constraints involved in the adoption of that the improved practices of wheat cultivation were lack of capital followed by were about irrigation facilities. The other important ranked according to its priority as lack of improved practices, soil condition, lack facility, constraints knowledge storage lack of lack of proper and easy credit facility and of marketing facility etc. in the area under investigation.ThesisItem Open Access Role of Hormones in Reproduction Management of Swine(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Shishir Kumar Harichandanray; Dr. A. K. Sinha1.Synchronized farrowing during day time on working days was possible either through intramuscular route (PG 5 mg) or IVSM route with a considerable low (1mg) dose of PG. 11. Termination of pregnancy with PG (day 111) revealed no adverse effect on piglet size or weight at birth. 111. Induced farrowed sows recorded significantly shorter weaning to fertile estrus interval. iv. Addition of oxytocin or EV to PG (5 mg) resulted in more precise farrowing (LWY) by shortening induction interval. V. Post parturient PG treatment (LWY) significantly increased piglet survivability and weight gain. Significantly shorter weaning to fertile estrus interval was recorded in the treated pigs. vi. The piglet born out of PG treated mother weaned at day 40, 45 or 50 consistently showed higher body weight than control. Vii .Application of PMSG (500 IU) alone or in combination with HCG (500 IU) at 24 hrs of weaning resulted in a significantly earlier post weaning estrus with higher CR than control. viii. Administration of HCG to sows at day 12 of service had a significant increase on piglet weight at birth.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Molybdenum - Manganese Inter-Relationship in Plants(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1972) Vijay kumar Singh; S. C. MandalPot experiments were conducted with pea and soybean in synthetic soil (sand + clay minerals, bentonite and kao linite) to study the inter-relationship of manganese and molybdenum in plant. While beneficial effect of molybdenum on the yield. of pea and soybean could not be marked a depressive effect of manganese was observed on the yield of these crops. The concentrations of both manganese and molybdenum in plants increased with increasing levels of the two elements applied singly, when these were applied in combination a significant depression in molybdenum concentration of plants was noted under the treatment receiving the highest level of manganese. Application of 2.55 ppm manganese in the growth medium was observed to have an antagonistic effect on molybdenum concentration of pea and soybean particularly in roots. Molybdenum did not appear to interfere with the uptake and translocation of manganese into the plant parts. Plant uptake of calcium and magnesium decreased in almost all the treatments receiving manganese. Molybdenum was found to have no significant effect on calcium or magnesium content of the plants. However, it appear to have caused increase in calcium uptake by soybean to some extent. Manganese was found to have a favourable. effect on potassium content of plants whereas phosphorus con tent of the plants increased with the increasing level of manganese and molybdenum. Statistically, the interaction effect of Mn x Mo was observed to be significant for Mg, K and P of the plants. Antagonistic relationship between manganese and molybdenum was found to exert a non-significant effect on manganese content in pea and significant effect in case of soybean. The concentration of manganese in the plant in creased irrespective of molybdenum content of the plant.
