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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Women Farmers Contribution To Sustainable Agriculture in The Tribal Region of Bihar, India(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1995) Niva Bara; Obdulia F. SisonNiva Bara, university of the Philippines at los Bahos, October, December, 1995.Women farmers contribution to sustainable Agriculture in the Tribel Region of Bihar, India. Major Professor : Dr. Blanda R Sumayao. The study examined women farmers contribution to sustainable Agriculture as influenced by certain factor namely personal characteristics (age, education, farming experience and environmental awareness) social- economic factors (farm characteristics, size of farm family labour and credit accessibility) and institutional factors( source of agriculture information, organizational affiliation, contact with change agent and extension exposure). Sustainable agriculture was studied in the context of ecological soundness, economic viability, social justice and humaneness. A total of 288 women farmers from different farming groups in the tribal villages of Bihar, India were the respondents of the study. Different survey techniques using informal and formal interviews, group discussions, meetings and audio tapes were triangulated to obtain the specific information needed. Number crunchers in statistics (NCS) and statically package of social science(SPSS) computer software were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the respondent personal characteristics and the socio-economic and institutional factors as well as their contribution to sustainable agriculture. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to determine the factor affecting women’s contribution to sustainable agriculture. Mean age of the respondents was 38 years and the majority (82%) had no formal education. Those with formal education had a mean eduction level of 1.42 years.Sixty-eight percent had 15-34 years farming experience and their principal occupation was crop farming. Results showed that almost all of the women (99%) contributed highly to sustainable agriculture .This could be traced to their many years of using indigenous farming practices like crop rotation, mixed cropping, use of organic farm manure ,green manuring, terracing, traditional seed varieties ,indigenous crop protection measures and traditional postharvest techniques which to scientists are ecologically and economically sound. The women perceived their indigenous farming practices as economically viable because these ensured their food fuel and fodder for the whole year while using low external inputs. Further more this farm practices in the area where socially just and women since they ensure social equinity cooperation and consideration for gender issue when the community. woman farmers in the area had equal access to natural and physical resource ed like forest product water and agriculture farm implement .They were also giving and receiving assistance from each other in the form of quality seeds, agriculture and labour, They worked as a grower while undertaking farm activity like transplanting when and harvesting farming acitivity where well synchronized and the women where able to reduce operation cost as well as minimized the pest and disease infestation. Correlation and analysis indicated that environmental awareness and organizational affiliation affected contribution to sustainable agricultural at high level of significance organizational affiliation was however inversely co related with contribution to sustainable agricultural credit accessibility and radio listing were significance and 5% level. Step wise regration analysis indicates that among the independent variable only environmental awareness. organizational affiliation and extension exposures had highly significant detect on women’s contribution to sustainable agriculture.ThesisItem Open Access Farmers' Strategies to Cope With Marginal Environment in the Plateau Region of Bihar, India(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Veleria Larra; Obdulia F. SisonLakra, valeria, University of the Philippines los Banos, March 1996 , Farmers’ strategies to cope with Marginal Environment in the Plateau Region of Bihar, India. Major professor : Dr. Virginia R.Cardenas. This study identified and described farming strategies as well as reason for adopting various far farming technique in responses to marginal environment in Hazaribagh, Bihar, India. Household interviews were conducted among 300 respondents using formal interview for one – half of them and structured informal interviews for the other half .Descriptive statistics was used to summarize socio economic and bio physical factors, farming system and effects of the strategies adopted, while bivariate and cannocial correlations were used to exmine the degree of relationships among the variable. Majority of the respondents were small and marginal farmers.They described their farmlands as: flat (100% of the respondents) and gently sloping (97%) less than 25% of land being drought affected (76%) more than 75% of land needing the irrigation (83%) and about 50% of land being affected by pest and diseases (63%). Farming strategies to cope with such environment were several. Farmers used cropping system, such as rotational cropping, mixed cropping and sequential cropping for varying primary reasons. During the rainy season, majority of the farmers chose to plant pulses, oil seeds, millets, rice and fiber crop in unfavourable lands with low soil fertility, while rice, maize, vegetables were planted in favourable lands. Traditional varieties of short duration crops were chosen for a good crop yield .Crop –livestock integration was a highly profitable enterprise for farm household. Farm yard manure was used in both unfavourable and favourable lands to improve the soil fertility and land productivity. Crop rotation in unbunded land rotating different varieties of a crop in bunded lands were considered the best strategies to improve soil fertily .In order to overcome water insufficiency effects during a cropping season, farmers used local varieties of crops that had tolerance to drought or those which could avoid it by maturing before drought set in. Indigenous practices as well as chemical pesticide were used to control pests and diseases. Farmers were also engaged in land-sharing. Off-farm and non- farm activities in order to increase their income. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that all the bio- physical factors were significantly related to cropping system, while socio- economic factors were significantly related to cropping systems, and income augmentation strategies. Canonical correlation showed highly significant relationship between different groups of variables, rejecting all the null hypotheses. It can be concluded that these farming strategies were need- based farming for subsistence. The strategies adopted by the respondents were found not only meeting subsistence needs but also contributing to sustainable agriculture.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium and PGR on Growth Yield Quality and Processing of Cape -Gooseberry (Physalis Peruviana Linn)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1988) Keshow Kumar Jha; B.P. JainStudies on the effect of four levels of nitrogen (60Kg, 80Kg, 100Kg and 120Kg/ha), three levels of phosphorus (50kg, 75kg, and 100 Kg/ha) and two levels of potassium (50 kg and 100Kg/ ha) and two levels of GA3 (20 and 40ppm) and ethrel (200and 300ppm) were made on growth, yield , quality and storage capability of cape gooseberry during 1991-1992 and 1992-1993 in the department of horticulture, Birsa Agriculture university kanke Ranchi. Higher dose of nitrogen (120Kg/ha) phosphorus (100 Kg/ ha) and potassium (100Kg/ ha) had shown promising effect on growth, yield and quality of cape- gooseberry. Jam can be stored upto 365 days at room temperature with very good taste in N3P3K2 treatment. In second experiment crop was grown with the recommended dose of N,P, K i.e 80:80:80 (singh et. al , 1977). Higher dose of GA3 (40ppm) gave 54.25q/ha and ehtrel (300 ppm ) gace 51.05q/ha whereas control gave only 48.50 q/ha. A yield of 74.18 q/ha was attained with the application of NPK @ 120, 100, and 100Kg/ ha in control with maximum cost : benefit ratio of 1:2.13.ThesisItem Open Access Role of Hormones in Reproduction Management of Swine(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Shishir Kumar Harichandanray; Dr. A. K. Sinha1.Synchronized farrowing during day time on working days was possible either through intramuscular route (PG 5 mg) or IVSM route with a considerable low (1mg) dose of PG. 11. Termination of pregnancy with PG (day 111) revealed no adverse effect on piglet size or weight at birth. 111. Induced farrowed sows recorded significantly shorter weaning to fertile estrus interval. iv. Addition of oxytocin or EV to PG (5 mg) resulted in more precise farrowing (LWY) by shortening induction interval. V. Post parturient PG treatment (LWY) significantly increased piglet survivability and weight gain. Significantly shorter weaning to fertile estrus interval was recorded in the treated pigs. vi. The piglet born out of PG treated mother weaned at day 40, 45 or 50 consistently showed higher body weight than control. Vii .Application of PMSG (500 IU) alone or in combination with HCG (500 IU) at 24 hrs of weaning resulted in a significantly earlier post weaning estrus with higher CR than control. viii. Administration of HCG to sows at day 12 of service had a significant increase on piglet weight at birth.ThesisItem Open Access Crop Planning For Better Utilization of Land and Water Resources of Jumar Nala Watershed, Ranchi(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Braj Nandan Prasad; Dr. A. P. MishraThe present study aims to propose a suitable cropping pattern for Jumar nala watershed area of Ranchi . The investigation covered ,water recourse study and its availability , crop coefficient to estimate irrigation requirement of important Kharif and rabi crops, analysis of rainfall and evaporation data and formulation of linear programming model for optimal allocation of land and water resources of the watershed area. The sources of irrigation water are ponds and percolation wells only.The present storing capacity of ponds available in the study area is 66.7 % of total runoff expected at 30% risk.The total availability of water from these resources were estimated to be 62,156.9 ha-mm during Kharif and 35,348.6 ha-mm during rabi seasons . Excess and deficit analysis at 30% risk showed that excess period is continuous from 2nd July to 23rd September. The deficit period is also continuous from 24th September to 1st July during which there is need of supplemental irrigation for crop production. The analysis indicate that there is 20-25 % change of damage to Kharif crops under rainfed condition. The results of onset and withdrawal of mansoon indicated that field preparation and sowing operation of Kharif crops should be completed by 24th June and pudding operation by 8th to 15th July os that transplanting of paddy may be completed latest by 31st July of every year to get good Kharif crops at 30% risk. There is negligible amount of rainfed in post monsoon season. Winter season receives less than 40mm .rainfall even at 10% probability. Therefore, moisture resistant rainfed crops like Linseed Lentil and Gram may be recommended for watershed area during rabi season. Crop coefficient of approximately all crops were found higher between 23rd July and 16 th September which coincide with rainfall excess period. Crop coefficients of rabi crops were found higher between 17th December and 18th February which I rainfall deficit period. This is an indication of requirement of addition irrigation water during these period, but availability of water in the watershed area limits its application to selected crops at vulnerable growth stages. The existing cropping pattern was found deficient in producing balancedThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies on Quantitative and Qualitative Characters in Rice (oryza Sativa L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Rajesh Verma; Dr.S.C.PrasadFour inter varietal along with their parents (P generation B and B 1 crosses of and P), F 1 rice Oryza and F 2 1 2 sativa L) and two cross of each cross were developed and were grown in randomized block design. with three replications during kharif season of the year 1994 under rainfed situation in the rice research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi. The analysis of variance of 6 generations of each the four crosses for different characters revealed that of the differences among the generations were highly significant for majority plant, of plant character viz., plant height, tillers leaf length, panicle length, flag leaf grain weight, breadth and grain. yield and harvest index. straw yield. The replication significani in almost all the character. length, expect effect was per 1000 leaf non The observed variances in the various generations for different characters in each of the revealed F variances to be more then F 2 4 varietal crosses variance for most of 1 the character. In case of plant height the vriance BC was 1 variance of BC in all the crosses. The 2 higher then the variation in the generation is due to the variability. The scaling test A,B and C, as well as test were found to be highly significant in all joint the scaling cross combination for all the 10 traits studied. This clearly showed a good fit of additive dominance model.ThesisItem Open Access Study of Stability of Yield and Its Components in Bengal Gram (cicer aritinum Linn)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Rabindra Narayan Choudhary; M.F.HaqueFortytwo genotypes of gram (Cicer arietinum L) were evaluated through the formula suggested by Eberhart and Russell (1966) under November and December sowing conditions over three years e.g. 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 for eleven plant characters. The phenotypic expression of most of the characters was lower in December sowing condition than November sowing condition during all the three years. Highly significant differences were observed between the genotypes for all the characters except number of primary branches/plant. The environmental differences were also found highly significant for all the characters. The genotype x environment (G x E) interaction was also found to be highly significant for all the characters except plant height, number of secondary branches/plant, days to maturity, harvest index (%) and grain yield/plant. Both the linear and non linear component of G x E interactions were found to be highly significant for all the characters except days to maturity. However, the linear component was found to be greater in magnitude than the non-linear component for all the characters except days to maturity. The non-linear component was predominant for days to maturity. The grain yield/plant, harvest index (%). 100-grain weight, number of grains/pod, number of pods/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of primary branches/plant,ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies of Some Quantitative Characters in Maize (zea mays L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Nitish De; D.K.GanguliThe present investigation entitled "Genetic studies of some quantitative characters in mize (Zen mys L.)" was carried out with a set of eleven mize genotypes which were crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals. The fifty five crosses along with their parents and two checks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during kharif 1994 to study variability, heterosis, combining ability and gene action for eleven quantitative plant characters, and also the yield prediction of double cross and synthetics that could be constituted for future utilization. The observation data over replication were utilized in analysing various genetic parameters. Estimmtes of combining ability for various characters ware done following dinllel (11 x 11) after Griffing (19560) as well an by line x tester (B lines x 3 testers) after Kempthorne (1957) taking some eleven genotypes in the two CASOS. Highly significant differences among the parents, and among the crosses were observed for all the characters. The mean values of the crosses were more than the parental for all the characters except for days to 50 per cent silk. mean Grain yield per plant, car height, number of kernels per car, number of kernels per row and ear length showed considerable phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. The heritability estimates in broad sense for all the characters were higher in parents than the crosses. No character was found to have high heritability estimate together with high genetic advance. The extent of heterosis over mid-parent, better parent and two checks (Ganga Safed-2 and Suwan) for different characters varied considerably. Most of the crosses were found to give negative heterosis over the check varieties in mjority of the characters, however in case of days to 50 per cent silk, days to maturity, car girth and 100-kernel weight most of the crosses showed positive standard heterosis. Highest and significant positive standard heterosis over better check (Susan) for grain yield was observed in the cross BAU-8312 x CM-4385 (24.49 %). Heterosis for grain yield found to be associated with simultaneous heterosis in other component characters which differed in different crosses. However, 100-kernel weight, plant height and ear girth were the three commonest characters associated with heterosis for yield. The combining ability studies indicated the importance additive and non-additive gene actions in the expression characters, although The non-additive. gene action predominated, and the presence of over-dominance was observed in all the characters under both the mting designs except for days. to 50 per cent silk in diallel only.. The genotype BAU-SW/82 was the best general combiner for grain yield followed by BAU-8312, CM-4385 and BAU-W.Pool. The lines which were superior combiners for grain yield were also superior cabiners for one or more yield components. The crosses viz., BAU-8312 x CM-4385, CM-4357 x CM-600, CM-600 x BAU-W.Pool, BAU-SW/82 x CML-4386 and BAU-SW/82 x CML-4385 were the best specific cross combinations for grain yield per plant. under diallel analysis while CM-der* CM-600, CM-4373 x CM-600 and CM-4386 x BAU-W.Pool were best, line x tester analysis. CM-4357 x CM-600 being common one. Crosses showing high sca for grain yield also exhibited high sca for some component characters. In the comparative study between two mating designs the best general combiner for grain yield (BAU-SW/82) was the same. The estimates of various genetic components were also more or less similar in most of the characters under both diallel and line x tester analyses. The best specific cross combinations for yield and other characters. slightly differed in two methods of analyses. The per se performance of parents were found to be correlated with the gca effects for all the characters except for ear girth under diallel analysis whereas no such relation was found in line x tester analysis except for days to 50 per cent silk. However, the per se performance of the crosses showed parallel relationship with the sca effects for all the characters unler both the methods of unlysos. The best predicted double cross hybrid was (BAU-SW/82 x BAU-8312) x (CM-4385 x CL-4386) with an estimated yield of 61.69 q/ha and was 9.81 per cent higher than the better check Suwan (56.18 q/ha). Single cross hybrids gave better yield performance over the predicted double cross hybrids and synthetics. Top single crossos for grain yield do not constitute to give prodicted top double. cross yield. The predicted yield of all the syntheties were found lower than the check Suwan.ThesisItem Open Access Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (linum usitatissimum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.TrivediLinseed is predominantly a aulogamous crop of industrial significance inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed , the productivity under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability , heterosis and correlation through diallel analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing stated were obtained from project co-ordinator(Linseed) chandra shekhar Azad university of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, These varieties were crossed in 8x8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids .These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression , combining ability and correlation.
