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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Nutrient Management in Rice-Wheat Cropping Sequence(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Md. Parwaiz Alam; R.S.SinghA field experiment entitled Nutrient management in rice-wheat cropping sequence was made during 1991-92 at the Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi on sandy loan, acidic (pl 6.2) soil having 0.37% organic carbon, 287,25 kg ha N, 26.3 kg ha 2205. 198.23 kg ha K₂0 and 6.32 ppm sulphur. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 8 treatments replicated 3 times. The fertilizer was applie 40 kg + 30 kg Pas + 20 kg K₂O + 20 kg S per hectare and crop residues (Gram) was incorporated 1 q ha before start of the rice experiment (kharif) while rice straw was incorporated 05 q ha after harvest of rice crop (before sowing of wheat crop). The result revealed that application of nitrogen is a must for getting the higher yield of both crops (rice wheat) taken in sequence. The treatments, where nitrogen was applied, had 117.19% and 32.5% more grain yield (rice and wheat respectively) as compared to those ones where nitrogen was not applied. Application of phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and crop residues did not enhance grain yield if nitro gen application was omitted from the treatments. However, due to application of sulphur a decrease in ph was observed making the soil more acidic. Upland rice receiving recommended dose of NPKS and crop residues recorded the maximum cost of cultivation (Re 3019 ha generating the highest gross return (Rs 6050 ha) with the maximum net profit (Rs 3031 ha). In wheat, where NKS and crop residues were applied recorded maximum net profit (Rs 1487 ha-¹).ThesisItem Open Access Nitrogen Transformations In Acid Alfisols Of Ranchi Under Continuous Manuring And Fertilization(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Rajendra Pratap Singh; B.S.MathurInfluence of continuous cropping of maize followed by wheat, fertilization and manuring for the last 31 years on the nitrogen transformations in a sedentary acid red loan mixed hyperthermia typic haplustalf soil was studied. Results reveal that 10 to 16% of total N in the surface soil was in the form of NH-N, 14 to 23% as bound amino acid, 4.6 to 8.3% in serine+threonine and 1.8 to 3.8% as amino sugar. Continuous cropping caused a marked depletion in all the hydrolysable nitrogen fractions compared to the adjacent uncropped soil. Monitoring the reversion of different nitro gen fractions within last ten years indicate a depletion in all the hydrolysable N forms in the order: Hydrolysable + NH (19.3) > Hencosamine (17.3) > Serine+threonine-N (14.8)) Total hydrolysable N (13.1)) Hydrolysable unidentified N (10.6) amino acid-N (5.7). Continuous cropping with application of ammonium sulphate alone showed a decline in amino, unidentified and total hydrolysable nitrogen fractions. Inclusion of phosphates along with nitrogen caused an increase in hexose and non-hydrolysable nitrogen while balanced application of NPK kept the amino-N at a higher level. Balanced application of NPK supplemented with lime caused a depletion of hydrolysable ammonium and an accumulation of serine+threonine and hexosamine form of nitrogen. Organic manuring kept the amino as well as serine+threonine nitrogen at a higher level. Hexamine as well as serine+threonine nitrogen were found to correlate significantly and positively with grain yield of maize. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested a greater dependability of yield of both the crops in sequence on serine+threonine, amino and hydroly sable unidentified nitrogen fractions of soil nitrogen. Incubating the soils of differently fertilized plots where acidity had developed, liming resulted in a significant decline of hydrolysable NH and amino nitrogen + with accompanying increase in hexose, serine+threonine and total hydrolysable nitrogen forms. Rate of nitrification in N, P, K treated plots were relatively slow. Organics alone or in conjunction with fertilizer and/or lime resulted in the enhancement of the rate of nitrification with lower delay period.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of Rice Soils of Red-Yellow - Gray Catenary Soil Association Of Chotanagpur With Special Emphasis On The Translocation Of Aluminum, Iron And Maganese(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Nand Kishore Rana; B.S.MathurEleven soil profiles have been studied in four toposequences, two each in Ranchi and Hazaribagh districts with a view to characterise the soils on mid-up slope, mid slope and lower slope and to study the mobility of aluminium, iron and manganese down the profile and catena. Terracing has resulted more vertical than horizontal movement of water as reflected by soil properties. The lowlands represent the old beds of drainage channels. The soils on the upper slope are yellowish brown to grayish brown, sandy loan becoming sandy clay loan in lower horizons, granular in the ploughed layer but becoming strong blocky down the profile. The mottlings and concretions become more prominent with depth. soils have bulk density around 1.45 g/ac which increases with depth. While the soil moisture at 1/3 and 15 atmospheric tensions increase with depth the availability of water decreases with depth and slope. These soils have COLE values around 0.033 which increase with depth even upto 0.075. The soils have cation exchange capacity around 10.0 mo/100 g (mean) which increases with depth even upto about 20.0 ma/100 g. The soils are low to medium in organic carbon which decreases with depth. The soils are acidic but acidity decreases considerably with depth. The soils on mid-slope are olive brown, sandy loam becoming clay loam in lower horizons, granular but becoming blocky with depth and have mottles and concretions which increase with depth. In comparison to medium uplands, the soils have higher COLE values and bulk density. The soils have CEC value around 11.0 me/100 g (mean) which also increases with depth upto about 23.0 me/100 g. The soils are madium in organic carbon which shows a decrease with depth and are less acidic than upland soils and the acidity decreases considerably with depth. The soils on lower slope are gray coloured, light to heavy textured and blocky having higher bulk density but COLE values range between 0.02 to 0.05 and increase with depth. The soils have lower values of cation exchange capacity (around 13.41 me/100 g) and organic carbon and are slightly neutral in reaction. Base saturation increases down the slope as well as down the profile. Total calcium, in general, decreases with depth and catena with subsequent increase in magnesium, sodium and potassium. Topography and drainage have affected the mobiliza tion and immobilization of aluminium, iron and manganese in the catenary soils. Exchangeable and/or available forms of Al, Fe and in are accumulated in the surface soils, whereas, total amount of the elements are concentrated in subsoils at certain depth. The Red-Yellow-Gray soils of Ranchi and Hazaribagh districts in the catenary sequence have been classified as per soil Taxonomy under Alfisols, Inceptisols and Entisols.ThesisItem Open Access Transfer of Improved Animal Husbandry Practices in the Adopted and Non -adopted Villages of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi A Critical Review(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Kameshwar Sharma; Dr. R. M. SrivastavaA comprehensive study should be planned to cover more areas of Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas to assess the rate of adoption of improved Animal Husbandry practices.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on The Effect of Defoliation And Bud Wood Storage On Method Grafting In Mango (Mangifera Indica Linn.) Cv. Dashehari(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Rajesh Kumar; C. SinghThe Mango because of its great utility occupies a prominent place amongst the fruits crops of India and is acknowledged as the national fruit of our country. Bihar ranks next to U.P in area and production of mango, Since mango is a cross pollinated crop, vegetative propagations of paramount importance for this crop. Although inarching is still the chief technique of propagation in Bihar, but due to several disadvantages of this method, now-a- days the detached methods such as veneer, soft wood and stome grafting are being strongly advocated. The information available on the comparative performance of these detached methods at the nursery stage and also on the establishment in the nursery under agro-climatic conditions of chota Nagpur region and lacking. Very little work has been done to standardize the period of defoliation and storage of bud wood for this region. With a view to evaluate the different techniques of detached methods of grafting for Dashehari mango and to find the best defoliation and storage period, the present study was undertaken at Ranchi Agril. College kanke, during the monsoon season of 1991 and repeated in 1992. For this study three different sets of trials were conducted with action shoot of Dashehari mango under randomized block design. There were altogether 9 treatments in each set and were replicated thrice. There were 3 defoliation periods (6, 8, and 10 days) 3 storage period(0, 3 and 6 Days).ThesisItem Open Access Studies On The Effect Of I.B.A And Wrapping Materials On Rooting And Survival of Air Layers Of Litchi(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) P.Someshwar Rao; R.N.RayThe result obtained during the course of present investigation have been summarized and have been presented in this chapter the experiment was carry out at the horticultural experiment that 91 with following objective To standardize a suitable level of IBA concentration for early profuse and quality roots in air layers 2 To study the effect of plastic film for early and profuse rooting of air layers. 3. To Study the survival percentage for at least 6 month after removal from the parent trees for proper establishment in Nursery. Air –layers of litchi cv purbi were treated with IBA at 2500 3500 4500 and 5500 PPM and wrapped with differently coloured wrapping material i.e. transparent, black, blue, red, and yellow. Effect of these factors i. e. IBA and differently coloured polythene wrapping on percentage of rooted air – layers, average number of roots, average length of roots, fresh and dry weights of roots, average number of new branches and green leaves, average survival of air – layers in nursery and economics of production were studied and the results obtained are summarized .ThesisItem Open Access Study on Major Agricultural Tribes of Ranchi District in Relation To Their Participation in Agricultural Extension Programmes(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Lalit Kumar Das; Dr. N. Prasad1. A considerable percentage of oraon and Munda farmer respondents were found to be in the medium category of socio-economic status. 2. The economic motivation, risk-preference and scientific orientation of a little over 50 per cent of tribal farmers and extension participation for an appreciable percentage (69 x) of these farmers were at a medium level. 3. By and large, the tribal farmers' awareness level with the agricultural extension programmes was also medium, 4 In the opinion of majority of tribal farmer respondents,. their participation in agricultural programs, its quality and level of implementation of these programmes was neither high nor low. 5 Similar was the case with regard to the extent of use of extension methods by extension workers, as well as, farmers. Out of the extension methods, however, where the Oraon farmers considered group meeting and method demonstration to be effective, the Munda farmers preferred method demonstrations and discussion with farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Liming And Micronutrient Application on Growth Yield And Production of Carrot(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Bhupen Dev Narzary; Dr. Ranjit Kumar BhattacharyyaA field experiment was conducted for two years during the rabi season of 1987-88 and 1988-89 in the Experimental Farm, Depart ment of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, to find out the effect of liming and micronutrient applications on the growth, yield and production of carrot ev. Nantes. Ten micronutrient treatments, viz., seed soaking and spraying seedlings with boron (0.01 per cent), molybdenum (0.02 per cent), manganese (0.02 per cent), zine (0.01 per cent) and mixture of B, Mo, Mn and Zn (at above concentrations) each under soils with lime and no lime were against a micronutrient check (control) in a compared and evaluated split-plot design for two years. Out of two main factors, viz., no lime (pH 5.3) and with lime (pH 6.4), carrot grown in soils with lime produced significantly higher, root yield of 3.30 per cent over no lime treatment and increased the plant height, leaf protein, root girth, cortex-core ratio, root protein, TSS-acidity ratio and exhibited higher accumulation of leaf nitrogen, zine and calcium and root nitrogen and calcium. The application of micronutrients showed a profound benefi cial influence on morphological traits of carrot. The highest values in plant height (47.03 em) with seed soaking in zine; number of functio nal leaves (12.56) with seed soaking in mixture of B, Mo, Mn and Zn; root length (18.30 cm) with seed soaking in boron and root girth (14.63 cm) with molybdenum spray were significant. Micronutrient applications considerably increased the root yield. Significantly high root yield of 379.38, 379.01 and 371.04 q per ha were recorded under seed soaking in boron, zine and micronutrient check respectively. The lowest shoot-root ratio of 0.57 and the highest value in harvest index of 0.63 were recorded under seed soaking in micronutrient mixture and boron respectively. The root quality in respect of cortex-core ratio, TSS, TSS acidity ratio, reducing sugars, ß-carotene and proteins were found to be significantly influenced by application of micronutrients.Significantly high values were recorded in cortex-core ratio (0.71) under molybdenum spray; TSS (9.32 per cent) and protein (13.83 per cent) under seed soaking in boron; TSS-acidity ratio (53.67) under manganese spray; reducing sugars (2.76 per cent) under seed soaking in micronutrient mixture; and 3-carotene (310.7 mg/g) under seed soaking in molybdenum. Leaf concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, moly bdenum, manganese, zine and total chlorophyll were significantly increased due to application of micronutrients. The highest leaf content of nitrogen (6.97 mg/g)in seed soaking in boron; phosphorus(4.51 mg/g) in molybdenum spray; total chlorophyll (2.01 mg/g) and calcium(14.885 mg/g) in boron spray; molybdenum (1.69 mg/g) in both seed soaking and spraying with molybdenum; manganese (0.502 mg/g) in micronutrient mixture spray and zine (0.416 mg/g) in manganese spary were recorded. The leaf concentration of potassium was, however, found to be decreased with micronutrient applications and the lowest of 39.08 mg/g was recorded in micronutrient mixture spray. The interaction effects of liming and micronutrient applications on growth of carrot was highly significant. The highest shoot length (48.87 cm) was recorded under seed soaking in micronutrient mixture and with lime. The number of functional leaves was, however, recorded the highest (13.00)under seed soaking in micronutrient mixture and with no lime. The top-weight was recorded the highest (82.89 g/ plant) in the interaction of seed soaking in boron and no lime. The highest value recorded in root length (18.50 cm) under seed soaking in boron and with lime; root girth (16.56 cm) under molybdenum spray and with lime; root weight (124.20 g) under micronutrient check (control) and with lime and the lowest value in shoot-root ratio (0.50) under seed soaking in boron and with lime were significant. The difference in root yield due to interaction effects were highly significant. The highest root yield of 413.96 q per he was recorded under interaction of micronutrient check and with lime closely followed by 402.79 and 398.57 q per ha under seed soaking in zine and no lime, and seed soaking in boron and no lime respectively. The high est value in harvest index (0.65) was recorded in the interaction of micronutrient check and with lime. The leaf concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, molybdenum, manganese, zinc, total chlorophyll and protein were significantly increased due to liming and micronutrient interactions. The highest leaf concentration of nitrogen (7.03 mg/g) under Seed soaking in boron and with lime; phosphorus (4.80 mg/g) underThesisItem Open Access Studies on the Pre-Harvest Manipulation for Extending Post-Harvest Life of Mango, Tomato and Onion(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Sanjay Kumar Dutta Ray; K.RoyIt can be concluded from the experiment that for short-term storage and distant transport of tomato ,pre – harvest spraying ( 15 days before harvest ) of calcium salts is very effective. Among the three cultuvars, the fruits of panjab chuhara stands longer in the ambient storage condition and may be reconnended for commercial cultuivation to avoid market glut which is usually observed during harvesting season due to more perishable nature of other cultivars .Since, the qualitative attributes of fruits viz. total sugar, acidity and vitamin C decreased at the later stages of storage, it would be reasonable to market the produce a t mid –term storage.
