Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Open Access
Evaluation of The Fentanyl And Its Combination With Droperiodol And Haloperidel For Epidural Analgesia -in Dogs
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Sanjay Kumar; L.L. Das
Hypothermia was a consistent feature of narcotic analgesic (fentanyl) and neuroleptanalgesic, however, decreasing trend in body temperature was marginal and short lived. Bradycardia and bradypnoea are the regular features of neuroleptanalgesia however, these are preceded by an appreciable increase in heart and pulse rate. Epidural administration of fentanyl @ 0.01 mg/kg induced optimal sedation but intense analgesia and relaxation could be observed for 30 minutes. muscle Sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation were variant in two combinations. Fentanyl + droperidol produced excellent sedation and analgesia with optimum muscle relaxation for nearly 1 hour, while fentanyl + haloperidol produced satisfactory analgesia and sedation for about 70 minutes. The combination of fentanyl with droperidol and haloperidol evinced abolition of superficial and deep cutaneous reflexes over a wider region of body, permitting surgery of different magnitude, than fentanyl alone.. In terms of duration of effect and magnitude of muscle relaxation, combination seemed to be superior. It is suggested that surgery under stress condition may be performed of fentanyl and its combination with droperidolo/haloperidol. Aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels exhibited non-significant alterations within normal physiological limits and suggested non-toxic effect of the anaesthetic regimens on liver, kidney, muscles and heart. The increasing trend of glucose observed in all groups was transitory and marginal and hence neuroleptanalgesia can be safely employed in both hyper- and hypoglycaemic patients.
Open Access
Phosphorus Management in Rice - Wheat Cropping System
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Sanjay Kumar; R.S. Singh
Rice-wheat is the most important and widely adopted cropping system in India. It contributes about 75 per cent to the national food basket. There is urgent need to increase the productivity of this system (4.62 to 5.57 t ha) to feed the anticipated 1004 million people by 2000 AD. Phosphorus is one of the most limiting nutrient governing the yield of rice and wheat. P-fixation capacity of lateritic soil is high and these soils show deficiency in available phosphorus even under waterlogged condition. Keeping this view, a field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 1997-98 and 1998-99 at BAU Farm, Kanke, Ranchi to study the effect of phosphorus management in rice-wheat cropping system. The soil was sandy loam in texture, acidic in reaction (pH 6.1) low in available nitrogen (235.5 kg N ha), phosphorus (9.93 kg P ha¹) and organic carbon (0.48%) and medium in available potassium (122 kg Kha¹). Treatment consisted of 3 levels of phosphorus (13.1.26.2 and 39.3 kg ha')in main plot and 6 levels of phosphorus frequency (T, P-application to both year kharif and rabi, T, P - application to both year kharif, T,: P-application to both year rabi, T.: P-application to first year kharif only. T, P application to first year rabi only and TP-application to first year kharif and rabi only) in sub-plot. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four replications. Result revealed that application of 39.3 kg P ha¹ recorded maximum plant height, number of effective tillers m². grains per panicle / spike, test-weight, grain and straw yields and it was statistically at par with 26.2 kg P ha. Rice grain equivalent yield responded upto 26.2 kg Pha (68.91 q/ha). Maximum net return (Rs. 10320 ha) and benefit: cost ratio (0.91) were recorded with application of 39.3 kg P hat and it was at par with due to 26.2 kg P ha (Rs. 9614 ha and 0.87). Among frequencies, direct and cumulative phases of P-application were significantly better than its residual phases with respect to yield attributing characters and yield of rice and wheat in both seasons. Analysis of pooled data revealed that maximum rice equivalent yield (79.65 q ha''), net return (Rs. 12122 ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.06) were recorded when P was applied in all the seasons and it was at par with treatment receiving phosphorus only in rabi (70.79 q/ha': Rs. 10093 ha and 0.92) and treatment receiving phosphorus in first year kharif and rabi (70.80 q ha", Rs. 10177 ha¹ and 0.93). Both rice and wheat crops removed higher amount of N.P and K under 39.3 kg P ha level than its preceding levels. Direct and cumulative phases of P-application were significantly better than its residual phases with respect to N.P and K uptake. There was considerable buildup of P-status in soil with increasing levels of phosphorus and application of phosphorus in all the seasons after completion of the experiment. Energy out put and energy use efficiency (Both economical and biological) were maximum when 39.3 kg P ha-1 was applied to the crops, whereas among frequencies treatment receiving phosphorus in all the seasons were significantly superior to rest of the treatments.
Open Access
Phosphorus Management in Rice - Wheat Cropping System
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Sanjay Kumar; R.S. Singh
Rice-wheat is the most important and widely adopted cropping system in India. It contributes about 75 per cent to the national food basket. There is urgent need to increase the productivity of this system (4.62 to 5.57 t ha) to feed the anticipated 1004 million people by 2000 AD. Phosphorus is one of the most limiting nutrient governing the yield of rice and wheat. P-fixation capacity of lateritic soil is high and these soils show deficiency in available phosphorus even under waterlogged condition. Keeping this view, a field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 1997-98 and 1998-99 at BAU Farm, Kanke, Ranchi to study the effect of phosphorus management in rice-wheat cropping system. The soil was sandy loam in texture, acidic in reaction (pH 6.1) low in available nitrogen (235.5 kg N ha), phosphorus (9.93 kg P ha¹) and organic carbon (0.48%) and medium in available potassium (122 kg Kha¹). Treatment consisted of 3 levels of phosphorus (13.1.26.2 and 39.3 kg ha')in main plot and 6 levels of phosphorus frequency (T, P-application to both year kharif and rabi, T, P - application to both year kharif, T,: P-application to both year rabi, T.: P-application to first year kharif only. T, P application to first year rabi only and TP-application to first year kharif and rabi only) in sub-plot. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four replications. Result revealed that application of 39.3 kg P ha¹ recorded maximum plant height, number of effective tillers m². grains per panicle / spike, test-weight, grain and straw yields and it was statistically at par with 26.2 kg P ha. Rice grain equivalent yield responded upto 26.2 kg Pha (68.91 q/ha). Maximum net return (Rs. 10320 ha) and benefit: cost ratio (0.91) were recorded with application of 39.3 kg P hat and it was at par with due to 26.2 kg P ha (Rs. 9614 ha and 0.87). Among frequencies, direct and cumulative phases of P-application were significantly better than its residual phases with respect to yield attributing characters and yield of rice and wheat in both seasons. Analysis of pooled data revealed that maximum rice equivalent yield (79.65 q ha''), net return (Rs. 12122 ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.06) were recorded when P was applied in all the seasons and it was at par with treatment receiving phosphorus only in rabi (70.79 q/ha': Rs. 10093 ha and 0.92) and treatment receiving phosphorus in first year kharif and rabi (70.80 q ha", Rs. 10177 ha¹ and 0.93). Both rice and wheat crops removed higher amount of N.P and K under 39.3 kg P ha level than its preceding levels. Direct and cumulative phases of P-application were significantly better than its residual phases with respect to N.P and K uptake. There was considerable buildup of P-status in soil with increasing levels of phosphorus and application of phosphorus in all the seasons after completion of the experiment. Energy out put and energy use efficiency (Both economical and biological) were maximum when 39.3 kg P ha-1 was applied to the crops, whereas among frequencies treatment receiving phosphorus in all the seasons were significantly superior to rest of the treatments.
Open Access
Studies on Intensity Of Selection On Response and Correlated Response In Mice
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Sanjay Kumar; .D.K.Mukherjee
(1) The heritability of litter size at weaning was medium in magnitude while 6-wk. weight and tail length moderate in the base population. Litter size at weaning had negative genetic and phenotypic association with 6-wk. weight and tail length. However, the relationship (genetic and phenotypic) between weight and tail length at 6-wk. was positive and high in magnitude significant. (2) Heritability estimates for 6-wk. weight were moderate to high in magnitude in different line and generation, while were medium to high in magnitude for 6-wk. tail length, indicating scope of further improvement by selection. (3) In selected lines, heritability estimates for weaning litter size were low in magnitude indicating that improvement is possible by exploiting non-additive genetic variance. (4) Negative phenotypic and genetic correlations of weaning litter size with body weight and tail length at 3 and 6-wk. of age, further confirmed negative association between them. (5) The direct response in 6-wk. weight was markedly high with 50% level of selection than that of 75 % level of selection. Whereas observed response in 6-wk. tail length was also high with 50% level of selection. than that of 75 % level of selection for 6-wk. tail lenght.
Open Access
Sanjay KumarManagement of Major Insect Pests Linseed Through Varietal Resistance And Intercropping
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Sanjay Kumar; Devendra Prasad
Investigation were carried out during two consecutive years viz.1997-98 and 1998-99 in oil seed area of Birsa Agriculture university , Kanke ,Ranchi for the management of major insect pest of linseed with particular reference to budfly , Dasyneura lini (Barnes ) under the agro –climate conditions prevailing around Kanke ,Ranchi. Eleven insect pests viz, Chrotogonus trachypterus Blanch, Oxya Velox F. Amrasca Kerri (Pruthi) , Plusia orichalcea F. Aphis craccivora Koch , Macrosiphum spp., Nezara viridula Linn., Spilosoma oblique (WLK.), Helicoverpa armigera (Hub)., Microtermes spp. And Dasyneura lini (Barnes) appeared at different growth stages of linseed. Amongthem budfly, D. lini was categorized as key pest whereas capsule borer, H. armigera touched to the level of major pest. The activities of biotic agents like spiders and black ants, Acantholepis simplex forel were observed. It is of great significance to report that JLT-83. LCK-9626 and NL -97 were found to be free from the attack of H.armigera during both the years of experimentation. Linseed cultivars viz ,LMH-90-7,JRF-5,LMH-91-24, Neela LMH-16-5, IC -16392,LMH-5-28, SLS-18, LMS-91-8, NL- 97 and NL -88 were found to be resistant to D. lini during both the years of experimentation Linseed carried comparatively lower incidence of H.armigera in intercropping system with mustard. All the intercropping had suppressing effect on the incidence of budfly ,D.lini as compared to sole crop of linseed being more pronounced when mustard and safflower were grown as intercrop. On the whole it emerges that the linseed cultivars showing resistance to key pest should be grown in intercropping system with mustard for realzing the higher grain yield under the agro- climate conditions prevailing around Kanke (Ranchi).
Open Access
Genetic Divergence And Correlation studies in Niger (Guizotia Ahyssinica Cass. )
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Sanjay Kumar; Sohan Ram
The present investigation was carried out in 72 germplasms of niger maintained in Niger Research Scheme of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics at Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke to collect information on the extent of variability, degree of association of different yield components, their direct and Indirect effect on seed yield and extent of genetic diversity among the genotypes. The experiment was conducted in Niger Experimental Plot of Ranchi Agricultural College Farm during Kharif 1997. A broad spectrum of variability was visualized in almost all characters, mainly in plant height, number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches branches per plant, number of capitulum per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity. Genotypic coefficient of variation was appreciable in number of capitulum perplant, plant height, number of primary branches per plant and 1000-seed weight. These characters also expressed moderate heritability estimates. Selection based on these characters would give more progress than based on other characters. Genetic divergence study revealed clustering of germplasms into 8 clusters irrespective of their origin. Many genotypes based on cluster means and genetic diversity was identified as potential parents. Genotypes, BNS-5, GA-23, Phule-5 and ONS-107 of cluster II and BNS-9, RCR-219 and RCR-234 of cluster VI were suggested as potential parents for crossing programme. Hybridization between genotypes of cluster II and VI was suggested for yield improvement. Days to maturity contributed more than 50 per cent in genetic divergence, but role of plant height and 1000-seed weight also had recommendable role in genetic diversity.
Open Access
Impact of Institutional Finance On The Economy of Tribal And Non-Tribal Farms In Ranchi District
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Sanjay Kumar; R.K.Panday
The introduction of new technology in agriculture has brought about a significant increase in financial increase in financial requirement of the farmers, both for production and investment. With adoption of multiagency approach in agriculture, there has been considerable expansion of credit facilities .Quite a large number of branches have been opened in the rural areas with a view to help the farmers in adoption of modern farm technology. It has been notice that the amount earmarked for the agriculture sector does not reach all sections of the farming community. Thus the majority of the weaker section particularly tribal farmers were deprived of getting full advance age of institutional credit. Keeping the significance and importance of farm credit, the present study was conducted in two village namely Makhmandro and Murgu in Ratu Block of Ranchi district taking into account of the large concentration of institutional agencies engaged in farm financing to both categories of tribal and non tribal farmers. The results revealed that the percentage of borrower farmers from intuitional agencies were ranged from 42.86 to 47.83 and 52.17 to 57.14 percent of the total borrower farmers of all categories of tribal and nontribal farms respectively. It was found that the percentage of borrower farmers were higher in case of non tribal farmer as compared to tribal farms .It was obvious that non- tribal farmers were more conscious in getting farm loans than those of tribal farmers. The study showed that per farm , the amount of loan advanced by intuitional agencies were in order of Rs.3633.46, Rs.4569.47, Rs.3320.91 and Rs 4184.06, Rs.5428.25, Rs.4856.82 to marginal, small and medium size group of the tribal and non tribal farmers respectively. It was found that resourceful farmer ( non Tribal Farmers) were getting more loan as compared to poor farmers ( tribal farmers ) In the area under investigation. The result revealed that out of the total amount of the farmers loan advanced by institutional agencies about 10.87 and 15.08,per percent as a crop loan ( short term) and 33.46 and 40.59 percent as investment )(term loan) loans were borrowed by both categories of tribal and non tribal farm respectively . It was found that the percentage of borrowing of short term and term loans were higher in case of non tribal farms as compared to tribal farms. It was observed that the per hectare credit supplied by various institutional agencies were in order of Rs 7266.92, 4270.53, 1604.30 and Rs 7213.90,4639.53,2084.47 to different categories of marginal, small and medium size group of tribal and Non tribal farms respectively. It was found that per hectare loan borrowed by non tribal farms were higher as compared to tribal farms. The study indicates that the institutional agencies were taking more interest in financing non-tribal farms than the tribal farms. The study shows that per farm misutilisation of institutional loan were constituted about 2.35,1.26,1.06and 1.86,1.02,0.62 percent of the total borrowing by the various categories of marginal, small and medium size group of the tribal and non tribal farms respectively. It is evident that misutilisation of farm loan were higher on tribal farms as compared to non –tribal farms. It was found that per farm net return obtained were in order of Rs.3990.50,Rs 7655.34, Rs 9625.99 and Rs6054.01, Rs 8870.00, Rs.11,024.16 on marginal, small and medium size of the tribal and non tribal farms respectively. It was observed that the farm income was higher on non tribal farms as compared to tribal farms but higher on medium size group of tribal and non tribal farms than the higher size group of the farms. The result indicated that per hectare net return was found to be Rs.7981.00, 7154.52, 4650.24 and Rs,.10,437.95, 7581.20,4731.40 on marginal ,small and medium size group of the tribal and non tribal farms respectively. It was found that per hectare net return was also higher on non tribal farms than the tribal farms. It can be concluded that the impact of farm financing was much better on the economy of non tribal farms as compared to tribal farms. It was revealed that the most important farms financing constraint faced by the farmers were inadequate supply of farm loan by the institutional agencies. The next important constraint faced by the farmers were briberies, involved in obtaining farm loans .The other importer financial of the farmers lack of supervision and guidance lack of the timely supplied of the loan, high rate of interest and lack of communication.
Open Access
Soil Fertility and Nitrogen Economy in Legume Wheat Sequences
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Sanjay Kumar; N.K. Prasad
Title: "Soil fertility and nitrogen economy in legume-wheat sequences" With a theme to slash-down the application of nitrogen nutrient through chemical fertilizer in a crop and cropping sequence, exploitation of biological source of nitrogen, and maintaining the soil health for a sustainable crop production is a call of the day. As per 1991-92 fertilizer census, 18% short in nitrogenous fertilizers was reported. Even during 1996-97 a marked fall in (21%) production of nitrogenous fertilizers was reported in comparison to 1995-96. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to assess the contribution of legumes as a biological source of nitrogen for a stable wheat production. In the present studies, five cropping sequences, (main plot, viz: soybean-wheat, cowpea-wheat, blackgram-wheat, stylo-wheat and rice-wheat) and five nitrogen levels (sub-plot, viz: No N25, N50 N75 and N100% of the recommended dose for wheat), thus altogether twentyfive treatments were put in split plot design and replicated thrice, during 1993-94 and 1994-95. The soil of the experimental plots were Silt Loam in texture (Sand, 37.72; Silt 51.10, Clay 11.18% respectively). It was low in Organic Carbon, available N, P and medium in K with PH 6.1. The results of two years of investigation revealed that legumes in general and blackgram in particular significantly contributed towards yield and yield contributing characters in wheat. Accordingly blackgram as a preceding crop to wheat significantly produced maximum grain yield (31.32 qha") of wheat. Wheat yield obtained at 75% recommended dose of nitrogen was statistically tantamount to wheat yield received in presence of 100% Na Introduction of legumes, further enhanced the O/C (%), available N, P and K in general and blackgram in particular enriched the soil fertility in a better way over rest of the legumes. These fertility indices contributed about 95.75 to 96.84 % towards wheat yield during the respective years. The cropping sequences, comprised of legumes also harvested the maximum amount of N, P and K nutrients. Thus, soybean-wheat harvested the maximum quantity of N and P while stylo-wheat harvested the maximum quantity of K. Although, wheat grown after blackgram harvested the maximum N and P but soybean being a more proteinous component gave higher yield of nitrogen, which resulted in overall higher harvest of nitrogen by soybean-wheat sequence. Accordingly, better biomass production by stylo resulted in higher removal of K by stylo-wheat sequence. Increasing trend in N-levels also increased the nutrients removal by different cropping sequences, however, under all the situations, the interaction of cropping sequences and N-levels was not significant The balance-sheet of the fate of nutrients further revealed that under all the legumes based cropping sequences, a positive gain in nitrogen nutrients while fixation of phosphorus under all, the sequences and further gain of potassium were accounted. Though wheat after blackgram produced significantly higher yield over rest of the sequences however, in terms of wheat equivalent yield, stylo-wheat accounted for significantly maximum yield (68.59 qha ¹) due to higher biomass production, and cost of green forage yield of stylo, while application of 75% N accounted for statistically similar wheat equivalent yield (55.32 qha) to 100% N (57.20 qha"). Although, wheat after blackgram produced more protein but soybean-wheat sequence as a whole resulted in significantly higher protein harvest over rest of the sequences (718.42 Kg.ha 1), 75% of N further recorded on par protein yield to what was recorded at 100% N. Stylo-wheat sequencedue to higher biomass production resulted in the maximum production of energy which was closely followed by the energy produced by blackgram-wheat sequence. Application of 75% N resulted in higher energy productivity than it was recorded in presence of 100% N Grain yield of wheat under all the different sequences gave a linear response to nitrogen application. The wheat yield above 75% N was found to be static. Among the sequences, blackgram-wheat accounted for better yield of wheat at each level of nitrogen. Stylo-wheat sequence was more remunerative since, it accounted for maximum net return (Rs. 12,850.00 ha) as well as maximum net return to per rupee investment (1.13). Income received at 75 and 100% N was statistically equal. Performance of wheat grown after legume under 75% nitrogen was more stable since, this accounted for more grain yield over the sequence mean with regression coefficient nearer to unity (bi 1.0) and deviation from regression line resulted to zoro (0). The stability of soil nitrogen status after the completion of two years of experimentation revealed that fertility left over by legume-wheat sequence under 75 % N was more stable. Thus, wheat after blackgram under 75% nitrogen produced maximum wheat yield but in terms of wheat equivalent yield, stylo-wheat sequence resulted in more remunerative sequence over rest of the sequences which also accounted for higher energy production and net return to per rupee investment. Blackgram-wheat sequence was more stable in terms of wheat yield and nitrogen build-up in the soil system.
Open Access
Integrated Effect of Organic Sources and Inorganic Nitrogen Levels on Transplanted Rice (oryza Sativa L)
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sanjay Kumar; I.P.Sharma
A field investigation was carried out to study the integrated effect of organic sources and inorganic nitrogen levels on transplanted rice (IR-36) under wet land condition during the kharif season of 1994 at BAU Farm, Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Each replication consisted of nine treatments. Combination of 3 levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-¹) and three sources of organic nitrogen (FYM @ 5t ha-¹, BGA @ 10kg ha-¹ and karanj cake @ 600kg ha-¹). The treatment combination was T₁ - 0 kg N ha-¹ 5 t FYM ha-¹, 7₂-50 kg N ha-¹ + St FYN ha-¹, T3-100 kg N ha-¹ + 5 t FYN ha-¹, T₁-0 kg N ha-¹. -1 10 kg BGA ha ¹. T-50 kg N ha-¹ +10 kg BGA ha-¹, T-100 kg N 1+ 10 kg BGA ha-¹, T₂-0 kg N ha-¹ 600 kg karanj cake ha-¹, Tg- 50 kg N ha-¹ + 600 kg karanj cake ha-¹, T- 100 kg N ha-¹ 600 kg karanj cake ha¹. 50 kg P₂05 and 50 kg K₂0 per hectare were applied as basal dose. N, P and K were applied form of Urea, SSP and MOP. The soil of the experimental site was loamy in texture, low to medium in fertility status and slightly acidic in reaction (pH- 6.2). It is evident from the data that inorganic nitrogen levels influenced significantly the height of rice plant, number of leaves per hill, number of effective tillers par hill, dry matter par hill, length of panicle, number of grains per panicle and thousand grain weights. Effect of different organic sources of nitrogen was statistically at par. A close perusal of the experimental finding clearly indicated that when 100 kg N ha-¹ was applied in soil, it recorded the maximum grain yield. But maximum not profit was obtained when 100 kg N ha-¹ + 10 kg BGA ha-¹ was applied in soil (Rs.5190.33 not return ha-¹) followed by treatment receiving 100 kg N ha-¹ + 5 t FYM ha-¹ (Rs.5011.22 ha-¹ not return). The benefit : cost ratio was maximum (1.74) when 100 kg N ha-¹ + 10 kg BGA ha-¹ was applied followed by treatment receiving 100 kg N ha-¹ + 5 t FYM ha-¹ (1.66). Nutrient status of soil after harvesting of crops 1.e organic carbon, available N and P content of soil was found to increase in different treatment from initial value whereas K contents of soil slightly decreased from initial value. Moreover, all these results are of a single year and hence, for the confirmation of result, the investigation needs to be repeated.

Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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