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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2015 - 201912020 - 20221
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Author: Kujur, Abha Nutan × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of hydrogel on soil moisture retention and release pattern in acid-alfisoil under okra cultivation
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Kujur, Abha Nutan; Wadood, A.
    Jharkhand climate, with respect to temperature and humidity, is very congenial for vegetable cultivation. However, water holding capacity of soils is very less (22% FC and 8-10% WP). Various kinds of vegetables are being grown, in small areas, mostly in upland Barilands where limited assured irrigation facility is available from wells and small ponds, etc. both in Kharif as well as rabi seasons and some vegetables like cauliflower and cabbage are grown around the year. The total area under vegetable cultivation (both in Kharif and Rabi) in Jharkhand is about 2.9 L. ha with a total production of 34.6 lakh metric tonnes (agricoop.gov.in). Lack of irrigation facility is the biggest constraint for vegetable cultivation in Jharkhand. In view of this situation pot as well as field experiments were conducted in Ranchi with a broad objective to assess the impact of different levels of Pusa and SPG hydrogels on soil moisture retention and release pattern and on overall performance of Okra crop. Among the different levels of Pusa hydrogel in pot experiment (TI 5 g gel/pot, T2 10 g gel/pot and T3 20 g gel/pot), the average soil moisture retention during the crop period of Okra was recorded highest inT3 (26.5%) followed by T2 (25.5%) and TI (24.4%) with advantages of 72.4, 66.0 and 58.9 percents over control (no gel). respectively. Okra crop under all the levels of Pusa hydrogel were found comfortable with negative values of Stress Degree Days while the crop under control (no gel) remained stressed with positive values of SDD throughout the crop period. The extents of comfort (-ve SDD) were the true reflections of moisture levels maintained. Accordingly, the performances of okra crop under these 3 levels of pusa hydrogel application were also in the same trend and the highest pod yield of 42.2 g per pot was obtained under T3 (20 g Pusa hydrogel/pot). In field experiment also. 13 performed best in terms of soil moisture retention, SDD and okra pod yield but the effects of levels of Pusa hydrogel were much less pronounced in field experiment as compared the corresponding levels in pot experiment In case of SPG hydrogel, different levels of it in pot experiment (T4 5 g gel/pot. T5 15 g gel/pot and T6 20 g gel/pot), the average soil moisture retention during the crop period of Okra was recorded highest inT6 (28.0%) followed by T5 (27.4%) and T4 (26.5%) with advantages of 82.5, 78.3 and 75.4 percents over control (nogel), respectively. The comfort levels (-ve SDD) of crop was even better in case of SPG hydrogel following the same trend as in case of Pusa hydrogel The highest okra pod yield of 65.8 g per pot under T6 (20 g SPG hydrogel per pot). In field experiment also, 16 performed best in terms of soil moisture retention, SDD and okra pod yield but the effects of levels of SPG hydrogel were also found much less pronounced in field experiment as compared the corresponding levels in pot experiment. SPG hydrogel performed better than Pusa hydrogel in terms of soil moisture, SDD and okra pod yield both in Pal and Field experiments. Incorporation of Pusa as well as SPG Hydrogels into the soil increased the ability of soil to hold and retain more moisture with steady and gradual release of soil moisture requiring less and less frequent watering as compared to untreated soils. This advantage increased with higher levels of gel incorporation. The impact of both the hydrogels were found more pronounced in Pot cultivation of Okna than Field caltivation. SPG hydrogel was found more effective than Pusa hydrogel. Inter difference in moisture retention am the levels of both the hydrogels remained within 1-2 percent only. Hence, the lowest level of 5 gel/por or 5 Kg gel ha" too, could be much more advantageous over no gel incorporation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF MICROCLIMATIC VARIATION ON HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2015) Kujur, Abha Nutan; Wadood, A.
    In view of the anticipated adverse impact of microclimatic conditions on hybrid rice under aerobic conditions in Jharkhand, a field experiment was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University farm (Lat:23⁰17’N, Long:83⁰19’E, Alt:625 m above MSL) in Kharif 2013 with 4 cultivars viz, DRRH-3, PAC-837, ARIZE TEJ and DRRH-2 having 3 sowing dates on 21st June, 1st July and 11th July to assess and quantify the impact of microclimatic conditions in aerobic rice cultivars. The outcomes of the study have been found of utmost importance which would help in proper management of rice cultivation in Jharkhand so as to minimize the adverse impact of microclimatic variation on rice yield. Soil moisture conditions in the aerobic rice field remained optimum (well above PWP) under all sowing dates under the weather and monsoon pattern prevailed during the Kharif season 2013.Variation of soil moisture between upper and lower soil layer was more pronounced in case of last sowing (11th July) than preceding sowings (21st June and 1st July).On an average the highest GDD of 1851 was required by the DRRH-3 to attain physiological maturity stages followed DRRH-2 (1820) followed by PAC-837 (1776) and ARIZE TEJ (1737). The average GDD requirement of varieties was highest under 1st July (1821) followed by 21st June (1815) and 11th July (1752). Among the varieties variation in GDD requirement was minimal at early stage (PI & booting) than latter stages while the variation in GDD among the dates of sowing was negligible at all the stages . Rice varieties sown on 21st June matured in 120 days while subsequently delayed sown crop (1st July and 11th July) matured in more number of days (124 and 125 days). Among the varieties, the highest grain yield of 64.6 q/ha was obtained in PAC-837 under 21st June sowing. Among the dates of sowing the variety DRRH-3 performed best under 1st July sowing (57.6 q/ha). In case of the rest three varieties the best performance recorded under 21st June sowing and every delay in sowing reduced the grain yield. The gap between leaf temperature and air temperature remained narrower till 90 DAS in 21st June, 80 DAS in 1st July and 70 DAS in 11st July where after the gap widened under all the sowings suggesting that maintenance of optimum soil moisture after 70-90 DAS would be essential. On an average, crops under all the sowings faced heat stress during 100-110 DAS which may be taken as crucial stage for combating the stress by maintaining soil moisture around the field capacity, may be by irrigating the crop. Maximum solar radiation interception was observed to be after 80 DAS under all sowing dates. Relative humidity within crop canopy was found to remain around 65% with least variation at 80 DAS onwards. The variety PAC-837 producing highest yield of 64.6q/ha under 21st June sowing also exhibited the highest water productivity of 11.78 kg/mm/ha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Phenology and microclimatic conditions of four aerobic rice varieties have been recorded and well understood which may be utilized in further research and for rendering appropriate advisories under the prevailing weather conditions. 2. Timely sowing of aerobic rice varieties on and around 21st June could harness maximum benefits of the prevailing microclimatic conditions by performing better (all four varieties) than subsequently delayed sowings. 3. The variety PAC-837 is found the best with respect to economical yield, water use efficiency and heat tolerance.