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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Status of Cobalt in Soils of Bihar Plateau And Response of Forage Crops to Its Application
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Binod Kumar; Dr.H. K. Roy
    Studies were undertaken in soils belonging to 4 major Soil series of the plateau region namely Debatoli (Ranchi), Bandhi (Singhbhum), Pusaro (Dumka) and Karaya (Dumka) to study the status of Co in soils, establish the threshold level of Co in soil and plant and response of forage crops to Co application. Results show that available (DTPA extractable) Co content of Debatoli, Bandhi, Pusaro and Karaya series varied from 0.01-2.88, 0.11-2.04, 0.03-2.53 and Tr.-3.91 mg kg¹ with mean values of 0.95, 0.59, 0.84 and 1.81 mg kg, respectively. Soils of Karaya series had highest available Co content while this was lowest in Bandhi, series. With respect to cationic micronutrients, such as Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe, not much variation among the soil series was recorded. Available Co was significantly and positively correlated with clay (0.223**), Zn (0.205**), Cu (0.495**), Mn (0.378**) and Fe (0.413**) and negatively correlated with pH (-0.167) and sand (-0.155). However, Co availability in soil was not related with organic carbon and silt content of soils. Adsorption study conducted in soils after harvest of lucerne (Medicago sativa L) crop indicated that Cobalt adsorption increased with increasing concentrations of added Co but the nature of adsorption isotherm varied among soils. The magnitude of Co adsorption varied from 85.31 to 336.51 ug g¹ in these soils. It was highest in control plot containing fairly high amount of Mn and Fe and the lowest in the plot which received 10.0 kg Co ha¹. Freundlich constants such as adsorption capacity (k) rate of Co adsorption ranged from 17.37-43.65 and 0.219 to 0.398, respectively in these soils. The rate of adsorption was significantly correlated with available Co (-0.906") and yield of lucerne (0.925"). Langmuir constant such as adsorption maxima and bonding energy constant varied from 357.14 to 833.33 µg g¹ and 7.79 X 10 to 35.00 X 10 ml µg ¹, respectively in these soils. Supply parameter of Co in these soils ranged from 3.92 to 6.23. It was highest in the treatment in which 1.0 kg Co ha-¹ was applied and lowest in the treatment in which 10.0 kg Co ha¹ was applied. The desorption of Co increased with graded levels of added Co. It ranged from 7.01 to 28.66 µg g¹ soil. Pot experiments indicated that the response of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) to Co was highest at 2.5 mg Co kg¹ soil. The response to Co application was more (about 47%) in Co deficient than that in Co sufficient soils (38%). The uptake of Co also followed similar trend. Critical limits as determined in soils using stylo as test fodder crop, gave a value of 0.238 mg kg-¹ in soils and 2.3 mg kg-¹ in plants. Field experiment to study the influence of Co on the yield and uptake of Co and other cationic micronutrients by forage crops indicated significant increase in yield and uptake of Co with an increase in application of Co upto 1.0 kg Co ha¹ by lucerne in 1st cutting beyond which a reduction was noted. The reduction in yield and Co uptake by crops at 10.0 kg ha-¹ level was considerable where it produced even lower yield than the control plot. Uptake of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe, however, decreased significantly with increased application of Co. Similar trend was also observed in the 2nd and 3rd cuttings of lucerne. In oats (Avena sativa L), the yield and uptake of Co increased significantly with an increase in application of Co upto 5.0 kg ha-¹ and thereafter reduction was noted. The availability of Co and other micronutrients determined after harvest of crops showed significant increase in available Co level with increased application of Co but reverse trend was noted with other micronutrients.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physical Characterization of Jorsol2 and Bandhi Soil Series under Subarnarekha Command Area
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Binod Kumar; Dr.K.D.Singh
    The study of physical properties of Bandhi and Jorsol 2 soil series in Darisai village under subernrekha command area revealed that upland soil were poor in organic matter contect, aggregation status , porosity density and hydro physical properties .Lowland soils however were better in these properties except that they were not well drained. Medium land soils were having an intermediate position in relation to these properties. The soils were sandy loam and clay loam in texture (Sand varying from 40.00 to 70.00 per cent silt from 10.00 to 24.00 per cent and clay from,( 14.00 to 32.00 per cent).Upland soils in both the soil series had relatively lighter texture then low land soils, medium land soils occupying the intermediate position. Bulk density of upland soils were higher (varying from 1.51 to 1.58gcm-3) than in lowland (varying from 1.34 to 1.40gcm-3).Medium land soils had intermediate values (varying from 1.46 to 1.52 gcm-3) Total porosity of all the soils was around 45 percent having an increasing trend down the slope of the land from upland to low land. Aeration porosity of all the soils was good (varying fron 14 to around 20 percent. All the soils were acidic in nature (ph varying in between 4.9 and 5.8) and low in organic matter contect (from 0.12 to .59 per cent)in 0-60 cm soil layer. Aggregation status as indicated by geometric mean diameter (G.M.D. ) increased down the slope of the land in 0-60 cm soil layer The available soil moisture storage capacity increased down the slope of the land ( around 89 cm in upland 93 mm in medium land and 101 mm in low land) following the trend of variation in clay content. Steady state infiltration rate (IR)and cumulative infiltration (C.I.) decreased down the slope of the land from upland to medium and to low land.(I.R.varying from around 5.5 cm hr-1 in upland to 2.3 cm hr-1 in low land and c.i. varying from 31 cm in upland to around 15 cm in low land).Hydraulic conductivity also followed the same trend ( varying in between 5.45 cm hr-1 and 2.18 cm hr-1).
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integrated Weed Management In Pigeonpea + Soybean Intercropping System
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Binod Kumar; K. Prasad
    The growth and development of pigeonpea and maize in pure stand as well as Intercropping systems was studied in relation to weed management. The slow vegetative growth of pigeon pea in the initial stage might he helpful in keeping this crop as an inter crop with maize after adopting suitable crop production measures Slow vegetative growth of pigeonpea up to first 5.10 weeks of sowing (Gangwar, 1992) provides an opportunity to weeds to germinate and to develop their vigour and this situation is also favourable for crop-weed competition for space, niatients, moisture and sunlight. With this view, an experiment was conducted in split plot design keeping cropping systems in main plot (sole pigeonpea, sole maize and intercopping of pigeonpea + maize) and weed management (Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg. a.i. fha, fluchloralin 1.0 kg. a.i./ha, metolachlor e 0.75 kg. a /ha as pre. emergence, hand weeding at 15,30,45,60 DAS and control) sown in 60 c.m. apart rows at university furt during kharif season of 1994-95. It was found that suppression of weeds was maximum (232.66 / m) in intercropping system followed by sole cropping of maize (252.58/m) and pigeonpea (298.46/m). All the weed control measures were significantly superior to weedy check with respect to weed population Effect of pendimethalin & fluchloralin was significantly better than control. But manual weeding was more effective than application of herbicides On the basis of pigeonpea equivalent yield of the system, intercropping gave maximum veild (22.90 q/ha) followed by sole crop of pigeonpea (14.00 q/ha) and maize (10.91 q/ha). Effect of fluchloralin (1.0 kg. a.i./ha) was found superior to other weed control measures except hand weeding. These findings are in accordance with the result obtained by Prasad and Srivastava (1991). It was further observed that benefit: cost ratio was more in intercropping (1.54) system than that found under sole crop of maize (1.24) or pigeonpea (0.97). Fluchloralin treated plots gave maximum benefit: cost ratio (1.49) followed by metolachlor (1.27) and Pendimethalin (1.24).
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Indices of P Availability in Relation to Soil Characteristics of Karaya Series of Santhal Pargana Region
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1995) Binod Kumar; Dr. B.P. Singh
    A series of laboratory experiments with respect to P status, relationship between different indices of P availability, soil properties and P fixation was carried out in soils of Karaya series of Dumka district of Santhal Parganas. Results indicate that the soils of this series are extremely to slightly acidic in reaction. The soils are of low organic carbon status and are usually sandy clay loam in texture. The available P content of soils range from 1.00 to 44.05 kg ha-1 and are categorized as of low to medium P status. Correlation studies between different indices of phosphorus and soil properties showed that soil pH had positive and significant correlation with Olsen P. In case of P fixing capacity, it showed a negative significant correlation with sand (-0.432) and positive significant correlation with silt content (r= 0.425*). Results further indicate that Al-P. Fe-P, Ca-P and occl.-P are positively and significantly correlated with Bray P₁ and Bray P₂ content. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was also carried out to know the variability of available P due to soil characteristics and different inorganic P fractions. Path coefficient analysis indicates direct and positive effect of saloid-P, Fe-P and occl.-P on available P (Bray P₁). In case of P fixing capacity of soils, it is found that saloid-P. Fe-P and Ca-P exert direct and positive effect on P fixing capacity.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mutagenic Response of Finger Millet ( Elau Coracana Gaertan . ) to Gamma rays , Ems And Their Combined Treatments
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Binod Kumar; Dr. Z.A. Hoither
    Finger millet (leusine gernonne Geertn.) is the principal smell millet species grown in Africa and South Asia, Providing food for millions of rural people in the countries of this region. In spite of this, not much attention has been pold by the scientists on this important poor man's cereal. Artificial hybridization and recombination breeding for varietal improvement in finger millet could not be taken up in a big way, because of its small floret size. Neither has this crop been subjected to any induced mutational studies for improving its quality or productivity. In the present study, dry and dormant seeds of two varieties of finger millet, viz., A-404 and IR-374 were treated with different doses of gamme rays (10 KR, 20 KR, 30 ER, 40 KR and 50 10, EMS (0.25, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.85 and 16 v/v) and gam rays plus EMS combination (10 R+ 0.2%, 20 KR +0.2%, 30 KR + 0.2%, 40 KR 0.2%, 50 +0.2%) and studies were made in 1½ and ½ generations. In My generation, germination of seeds were found to have been reduced in treated lines, shoving a linear reverse relation between doses and germination percentage. Variety A-404 Droved to be more sensitive to gamma rays, EMS and their combined treatments then the variety HR-374. The seedling survival percentage in both the varieties also decreased with increase in mutagenic dose.