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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative Evaluation of Bupivacaine, Zylazine and Xylocanine for Lumbo- sacral epidural Anesthesia in Pigs
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Vinod kumar; P.N.B.Sahay
    1.Xylocaine @ 1 ml/5 kg body weight produced moderate analgesia and sedation permitting surgery of short duration. 2.Xylazine @ 3 mg/kg body weight produced moderate analgesia and satisfactory sedation permitting surgery of comparatively longer duration than that of Xylocaine. 3. Bupivacine @ 2 ml/5 kg body weight produced excellent analgesia, satisfactory sedation and deep muscle relaxation for a longer period, facilitating surgery of varying magnitude and longer duration upto posterior thoracic region. 4. Hyperglycemia was not a consistent feature following epidural administration of the anaesthetic agents. Variable levels of elevation in different groups was mild, transient in nature and normalcy could be restored in all the animals by 24 hours. 5.Serum creatinine, urea and AST level manifested alterations within. the physiological range even though at some stages of observation they were statistically significant. 6. Hypothermia was not a feature with Xylocaine and Bupivacaine. anaesthesia. Moderate rise in temperature with these agents was well compensated by 120 minutes. However, administration of Xylazine induced significant hypothermia. 7. Safe and satisfactory anaesthesia could be induced at the dose levels evaluated in this experiment to facilitate surgery of post thoracic regions employing Bupivacaine, Xylazine and Xylocaine in that order.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Lumbosacral Epidural Analgesia Induced By6 Xylazine Katamine And Their Combination In Goats A Comparative Study
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Prem Chand Sao; P.N. Sahay
    .Xylazine @ 0.10 mg/kg, Ketamine @ 8 mg/kg and their combination @ 0.05 mg/kg + 6 mg/kg produced moderate analgesia and satisfactory sedation permitting surgery of short duration. (2) The combination @0.10 mg/kg + 8 mg/kg of Xylazine and Ketamine respectively, induced excellent analgesia, deep. sedation and optimum muscle relaxation for a longer period facilitating surgery of varying magnitude and longer duration in the posterior thoracic region. (3) The other five dose schedules (0.02 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg of Xylazine, 4 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg of Ketmine and 0.02 mg/kg + 4 mg/kg of combination were not found satisfactory due to one or the other shortcomings, viz., lack of sedation, very mild analgesia, inadequate muscle relaxation etc. (4) Dose dependent hyperglycaemia was a consistent feature following epidural administration of the anaesthetic agents. alone or in combination. This was transient in nature as there was evidence of normalisation by 24 hours.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Ketamine and Its Combination with Diazepam and Lorazepam in Caprin Surgery
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Shailendra Kumar Singh; P.N. sahay
    1. Ketamine alone @ 12 mg/kg body wt. induced optimal sedation but very poor analgesia and muscle relaxation in a limited area of the body. 2.Ketamine + diazepam in atropinized goats produced satisfactory sedation, adequate muscle relaxation and optimal analgesia, with smooth induction.. 3.There was abolition of superficial and deep cutaneous reflexes over a wider region of the body permitting surgery of different magnitudes with diazepam ketamine. 4.With Ketamine and lorazepam combination, there was rough induction, unsatisfactory muscle relaxation and analgesia even though sedation was moderate. 5. Hyperglycaemia of varying magnitude was a consistent feature of ketamine anaesthesia and its combination with diazepam and lorazepam. 6.BUN, ALT and AST levels exhibited alterations within the normal physiological limits and suggested non-toxic effect of the anaesthetic regimens on kidney, liver and heart. 7.Atropinization quality of did not seemed to be affecting anaesthesia, even though it countered side effects of ketamine effectively. 8.There was evidence to suggest that surgery stress conditions may be performed with diazepam combination in atropinized goats.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Ketamine and Its Combination With Xylazine And Promazine For Anesthesia in Goats
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Lalit Kumar Ekka; L.L. Dass
    1.Ketamine alone produces optimal sediation and analgesia for a short duration but inadequate muscle relaxation in the goats. 2. Combination muscle of promazine produces mild degree of muscle relaxation apart from prolonging of the duration of action. 3.When xylazine and ketamine are administered, there is adequate muscle relaxation and abolition of superficial and deep cutaneous reflexes permitting surgery of varying magnitude. 4.Moderate hyperglycaemia is a feature of anaesthesia appeares to render beneficial effects during surgery under stress conditions. 5.As evidenced by the estimations of SGOT, BUN, creatinine and haematological as well as clinical parameters, ketamine and its combinations are safe for anaesthesia in goats.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative evaluation of ethanolic extracts of Litsea monopetala and Schleichera oleosa bark for wound healing activity in rabbits
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Vishwaranjan Kumar; A.K. Sharma
    The present study was conducted in the Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi. For that 15 adult rabbits of either sex weighing 1.5-2.5 kg were randomly procured from rabbit Farm College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry after assessing good health condition and divided in three groups based on completely Randomized Design. Health status of rabbits was managed for 15 days in a uniform environment to ensure minimum clinical variation during the study. Before experiment, barks of Litsea monopetala and Schleichera oleosa were collected from forest around Ranchi district. Barks were separately shade dried, powdered and hot extraction process was done by using ethanol solution in soxhlet apparatus. Extracts were stored separately at cool place for clinical evaluation further. All the animal were divided into three groups having 5 animals in each group, group 1 animals were treated with normal saline, group 2 animals treated with ethanolic extract of litsea monopetala (Meda) bark &group3 animals treated with ethanolic extract of Schleicheraoleosa (Kusum) bark on day 0th, 3rd, 7th, 12th & 20th day interval. In each animal’s aseptically wound was created on dorsum position of the rabbits, for that two full thickness skin wounds of size measuring 1cm x 1cm were created surgically at the proposed site on either side of the dorso-median plane. A total of 4 wounds were created with 4 cm distance between two wound of same side and between the contra lateral wounds. The wounds were treated daily with the respective treatment groups solution and dressed with micropore adhesive tap till complete healing. Blood was Collected from ear vein on 0, 3, 7, 12 and 20th days for assessment of systemic infection by evaluation of Total Leucocyte count (TLC) & Differential Leucocytic count (DLC). To study the histomorphological and histochemical changes in healing tissue, biopsy sample was collected from the junction of wound and intact skin from all the experimental wounds in each of the three groups on 3rd, 7th, 12th and 20th days. Finally, all the biopsy tissues were preserved in 10% neutral buffer formalin solution for further study. Clinical parameters like pain sensitivity, wound colour, granulation and exudates were taken into account at different time interval. To measure the contraction percentage of wound, initial area of the wound and final area of the wound were measured at different time intervals. To study the histomorphology of created wound of different treatment groups, the biopsy sample section was stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin solution under resolution of 400x to assess the leukocyte infiltration, fibroplasia, epithelization and neo-vascularization on 3rd, 7th, 12th and 20th days of experimentation. To account the histochemical changes for collagen, elastin and reticulin formation on different treatment groups were stained with Van Gieson’s stain (collagen), Weigert’sresorcin-fuchsin stain (elastin) and Robb smith’s modification of foot’s silver impregnation stains (reticulin) solution at 400x resolution on 3rd, 7th, 12th, and 20th days of experimentation. All the data obtained were subjected to statistically analyzed as per method described by Snedecor and Cochran (2004) by using SPSS software 16.0. One Way ANOVA was used to analyze uniform parametric data whereas, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze nonparametric data. Results of the experiment for clinical observation found that pain was observed in all the animals during first two days of surgical wound creation which slowly diminished by 3rd day in all the animals. Significant (P<0.05) reduction of pain is observed in group 2 on 3rd day as compared to control group animals. Non-significant pain reduction was observed from the 7thday in animals of all the groups. No significant difference in pinkish wound colour & granulation tissue growth observed among the groups during the entire time interval. Similarly, non-significant amount of serous type exudates was observed in control group, however no exudates were observed in group 2 & group 3. Morphometric study showed significantly higher (P<0.05) wound contraction in group 2 as compared to control group from 3rd day of onwards at different time intervals. Almost complete healing was observed in group 2 by day 20th. Histomrphological studies of biopsy sample of wound healing process showed significantly higher (P<0.05) fibroplasia on 3rd day in group 2 as compared to control animals. Marked (P<0.05) epithelialization observed in 3rd and 7th days on group 2 as compared to control group animals. However, epithelialization was non significantly variable between group 2 & group 3 animals during the entire period of observation. Non-significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in leucocyte infiltration among the groups at different intervals during entire period of experimentation. Histochemical studies related to collagen formation was observed in third day in all animals. Formation of thick collagen was significantly higher in group 2 on 7th day as compared to other group. Wavy collagen formation was better in group 2 followed by group 3 and then control group. Elastin formation was evident since 3rdday in all the treatment group. Elastinfiber formation was significantly lower in control group as compared to group 2 and 3. However, mean ± SE score of elastin fiber at different intervals did not show significant variationsbetween group 2 and 3. Reticulin formation was observed on 3rd day of experiment in all the groups. The dense and diffuse reticulinfiber formation was significantly higher in group 2 & group 3 as compared to control on day 7th.while values were non significantly differed (P>0.05) between group 2 & group 3. The non-significant reticulinfiber formation was observed on 12th & 20th days of experiment in all the groups. Haematological observation related to TLC and DLC to assess systemic infection of different groups on different time interval were non-significant. However, alternation in TLC and DLC was observed in all groups after treatment but values were within normal physiological range. On the basis of present findings following conclusions may be drawn: CONCLUSION • Pain sensitivity score was lower (P<0.05) on 3rd day of observation in group 2 (Meda) as compared to control (group 1) and group 2 (Kusum). However, pain sensitivity was similar between the control and Kusum groups. Meda has shown good analgesic property from the day 7th onwards till the end of observation. • Changes in wound colour score was found (P<0.05) on 12th days onwards in Medagroup however color was similar between control and Kusum groups. • Meda group showed non-significant increase (P>0.05) in granulation as compared to other group. • Percentage of contraction was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Meda as compared to control and Kusum group. However, contraction was non significantly higher in Kusum group compared to control. • Meda groups showed non-significantly higher score of Leucocyte infiltration &neovascularization process as compared to control and kusum. • Fibroplasia was significantly higher (P<0.05) in meda group on day 3rd as compared to control & Kusum. • Epithelialization was higher (P<0.05) in Meda groups on different time intervals as compared to control and Kusum groups. • Collagen &reticulin formation was significantly higher (P<0.05) only on 3rd day in Meda and Kusum group as compared to control, whereas, elastin formation was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Meda and Kusum group as compared to control during entire period of study. • There were transient &non significant changes in the TLC and DLC parameters in all the groups but remain in normal physiological limits. • Based on the results it is concluded that treatment with Litsea monopatela (Meda) showed better anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in terms of wound healing in rabbits as compared to control and Schleichera oleosa (Kusum) treated rabbits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Pentazocine And Lorazepam With And Without Atropine In Caprine Surgery
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Maji, Asit Kumar; U. K. Deokiouliyar
    1. Pentazocine + lorazepam+ atropine combination produces satisfactory sedation and moderate muscle relaxation in limited body area. 2. This combination exerts its influence in abolishing the superficial and deep cutaneous reflexes in the regions of abdomen, thorax and upper limbs permitting surgery in these areas. 3.Combination of only pentazocine and lorazepam does not exert satisfactory effects in terms of sedation, muscle relaxation and adequate analgesia-permitting surgery. 4.Side effects like tremor, intermittent convulsion,movement of jaw are observed in both combinations but they appear to be inconsequential and transitory. 5. Both an aesthetic regimen induce rise of body temperature 5.(1 to 2.2°F) which appears to be salutory during surgical intervention. This rise of temperature in more marked when atropine is used. 6. BUN and SGOT levels are only marginally affected with restoration of normalcy by six hours suggesting non toxic effects of the drug combinations on kidney and liver. 7. Evidence of sympathetic stimulation with both combinations is explicit resulting into accelerated heart rate and hyperglycemic features. Atropinization augments both these. 8.Reasonable limit of increased heart rate and moderate hyperglycemia appear to render beneficial effects during surgery under stress conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation Of Pentazocine Alone And In Combination With Diazepam In Goats
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Bhattacharya, Sabysachi; P.N. Sahay
    On the basis of the present experimental study, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. Pentazocine and diazepam combination produces optimal sedation but narrow range muscle relaxation in goats. 2. Abolition of superficial and deep cutaneous reflexes, permitting surgical intervention, without impairment of consciousness, are restricted to the limbs and abdomen. 3. Pentazocine alone does not exert its influence, to clinically satisfactory level, on any feature as indicated in sl. no. 1 and 2 above. 4. Fall in rectal temperature with combination is explicit but hypothermia does not appear to be a characteristic of pentazocine administration. 5. Hematological profile appears to be convince ingly altered in some of the parameters by either means of administration, but these are transitory. 6. SGOT changes in response to pentazocine or its diazepam combination may suggest involvement of liver, but the effects being short-lived and within physiological limits make them to be inconsequential. 7. There may be fluctuating rise and fall in blood glucose level but these are not sustained to constitute hyper or hypoglycemic states in goats. 8. Finally, pentazocine may be very potent in alleviating all types of pain, its ability to prevent induced pain is conjectural.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF CAUDAL EPIDURAL LEVOBUPIVACAINE ALONE AND INCOMBINATION OF DEXAMETHASONE AND TRAMADOL IN BOVINE CALVES
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Brajesh Verma; A.K. Sharma
    ➢ RT, RR and HR exhibited progressive and non-significant decrease in all its intervals in all the groups except group IV where respiration rate and heart rate exhibited significant decrease as compared to base value but remained within normal physiological limits. ➢ HB, PCV, TLC and TEC showed the non significant variation after epidural administration. ➢ A significant increase in netrophils and relative decrease in lymphocytes was the typical feature in group I & III whereas animal of group II & IV exhibited non significant variation. Summary and Conclusion… ➢ A marked and significant increase in glucose was estimated in group II although the values remained within normal physiological limits ➢ Other biochemical paramters viz. ALT, AST, total protein, BUN, Serum creatinine, Alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase exhibited transient and non-significant variations. ➢ A moderate to excellent level of analgesia has been achieved in tail, anus and perineal area in all the groups. ➢ Analgesia was not sufficient in upper and lower thigh, scrotum, cranial and caudal flank as it was varied from mild to moderate level. ➢ Motor in coordination was found to be more for longer period of time in group IV followed by group III, group I and group II. ➢ None of the animal exhibited sedation. ➢ Onset of analgesia was faster in group IV followed by group III, I and II, whereas duration of analgesia was higher in group II followed by group I, III & IV. ➢ On the basis of above findings, it is concluded that levobupivacaine alone and in combination dexamethasone and tramadol exhibited moderate to excellent analgesia in the tail, anus and perineal region sufficient to perform surgery in these area. Levobupivacaine in combination with dexamethasone was found to be better combination in bovine calf in terms of least motor in-coordination, better analgesia and long duration analgesia.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH PULVERIZED BONE FOR PROMOTING THE HEALING OF COMPOUND FRACTURE IN GOATS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1988) MUKHEJEA, RUDRADEV; Sahay, P.N.
    On the basis of the results obtained in the present investigation the following conclusion are being dran 1. Proper reduction and immobilization along with suitable biological materials can achieve the healing of compound fracture in optimal time. 2. She autologous bone marrow and homologous pulverized bone were found to have definite role in promoting osteogenesis. 3. In the present study combined therapy of bone marrow and pulverized bone appears to be superior to the use of bone marrow alone on the basis of clinical, radiological and histonorphological findings. 4. Bone marrow alone, though exerts influence in the healing of compound fracture, its role appears to be minimal. Compound fracture healing without support of osteoinducers is associated with manifolds problems. 5. Both the biological materials used in this study can be easily employed without any detrimental effect and thus can be easily practiced in field conditions. 6. The concept that the process of compound fracture healing is augmented by application of biological inducers has been confirmed by the results of this study.