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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies open Epidemiology And Host – Parasite Relationship of Hydatidosis in Ruminants With Special Reference to Buffalo..(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Mohamad Aijaz Ahmad; M.Z. AnsariThe thesis embodies the results of investivations on prevalence and epidemiology of hydatidosis in domestic ruminants with special reference to buffalo in and around Ranchi, Bihar, including host parasite relationship studies like biochemical, histopathological and histochemical changes in liver and lung of the host parasitized by hydatid cyst. A. EPIDEMIOLOGY : 1. PREVALENCE: A total of 1784 animals comprising of buffaloes (656), cattle (403). sheep (137) and goats (588) were examined, based on slaughter house and post-mortem room materials for hydatid infection for a period of one year from July 1995 to June 1996. The overall infection was 18.50 %. whereas host-wise it was 18.60, 23.82, 20.44 and 14.29 % in buffaloes, cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. The statistical analysis for incidence of hydatid infection revealed significant (P<0.01) variation between cattle and goats. Significant (P<0.05) variation also existed between buffaloes vrs. cattle and goats. Influence of Age : The materials examined belonged to the animals of two age groups viz., upto 3-years (429) and above 3-years (1355). A higher infection rate (20,89 %) was recorded in the latThesisItem Open Access Studies On Eimeria Tenella Infection In Poultry With Special Reference To Incidence And Immunoprophylaxis(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Deb, Asit Ranjan; B. N. sahaiOut of 1,200 poultry intestines examined, 228 intestines were found positive for tenella infection. The age-wise incidence revealed the highest (35.78 %) occurrence of infection in 0-3 months followed by 16,46 and 4.09 par cent in 3-6 and above 6 months age groups, respectively. The seasonal incidence indicated that 29.75, 16.25 and 11.00 per cent birds were infected with E. tanelle during monsoon, winter and summer seasons, respectively. It was also observed that the birds reared under intensive and free-range systems of management harboured 23.45 and 7.05 per cent infection. Thus, it was concluded that terella infection is common in age group 0-3 months in monsoon season under intensive manage mental condition. LETENSITY OF EINERIA ZENELLA INFECTION The moderate to intense infection of tonella vas observed in the birds of both 0-3 and 3-6 months age groups. There was non-significant (P>0.05) difference in the intensity of infection during monsoon, winter and summer seasons. Where as under intensive system of management moderate (+) intensities of infection was more (52.68 %) than that of other grades. But there was non-significant (P>0.05) difference of intensities under free-range system of management.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Epidemiology, Host-Parasite Relationship And Immunity To Coccidial Infection In Goats(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Sinha, Rai Nandan Prasad; B.N. SahaiThe present study was undertaken to ascertain the incidence and intensity of coccidial infections in goats, their transmission in sheep and vice-versa, host-parasite relationship, chemoprophylactic control of experimental coccidiosis in kids alongwith attempt to immunize passively against the mixed coccidial infections in kids by immune serum transfer experiment. Incidence: The incidence of coccidia in goats in and around Ranchi was found to be 46.06 per cent after examining 1380 faecal samples and 157 intestinal scrapings of goats. The seasonal incidence of coccidia in goats indicated 64.62 and 50.29 per cent infections in rainy season under farm and village conditions, respectively. The incidence was highest in rainy season as compared to summer and winter seasons, which was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The coccidial infections in male and female goats were found to be 46.95 and 44.65 per cent respectively, which was statistically non-significant (P>0.05). The four breeds viz., Jamunapari, Beetal, Black Bengal and cross breds, under farm conditions did not show any impact on the incidence of coccidia. It was also statistically non-significant (P>0.05). The present investigation revealed highest incidence of 69.54 and 62.03 per cent in goats under six months of age in farm and village management conditions respectively.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INCIDENCE, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TICKS OF BOVINE OF CHOTANAGPUR AND SANTHAL PARGANA(Birsa Agricultural University, 1987) KUMAR, ASHOK; Ansari, M.Z.The thesis embodies the results of investigations on the incidence and intensity of tick infestation in cattle and buffaloes in seven districts of Chotenagpur and senthalPargana of Bihar, biology with particular reference to the effect of temperature and humidity on different developmental stages associated with life cycle of most commonly available species of ticks, oophiluspicroplus and Hyaloage (H) A. anetolicua and control of .nioroplus with two synthetic pyrethroido, cypermethrin and fenvalerate; also the level of serum acetylcholinesterase (che) in the tick-infested and pyrethroid-trosted groups of cow calves and buffolo calves, Studies on incidence revealed that out of 18,613 bead of cattle and buffaloes examined, 2,726 (14.645) were found tick infested. Statistically, the incidence was found to be highly significant (P < 0.01) between cattle and buffaloes, the values being 15.277% and 10.998%, respectively. The date between different age groups; young and adult, revealed highly significant variation in cow calves and adult cattle, but non-significant between cattle calves and buffalo calvos. Breed-wise incidence was found to be significantly higher (17.035%) in cross-breds, as compared to indigenous cattle (13.641 %).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the epidemiology and control of paramphistomiasis in bovine in Bihar(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Sahay, Madan Nandan; Sahai, B.N.The present investigation was undertaken to study the incidence and epidemiology of paramchistones of cattle and buffaloes, prevalent paranchistomos in sihar, population dynamics of larval anghistones in molluscs, their ecology and biology and also control of molluscan hosts. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PARANEHISTOKINETS TH THAR INCIDENCE OF PARAMPHISTOKS PARASITES! In the statistically planned survey, a total of 16,774 bovine comprising of 8,365 cattle and 0,419 buffaloes were examined, based on slaughter houses and post-mortem room materials for paramphistome parasites, from randomly selected 15 districts of Bihar, for a period of more than two years (april, 1983 to June, 1985). The over-all infection was 49.43 per cent whereas host-wise it was 58.39 per cent in cattle and 40.53 per cent in buffaloes. The statistical analysis revealed highly significant (p <0.01) variation between cattle and buffaloes (Table 1). In an organized survey of 15 districts of Bihar for paranghistoms infection was also studied for the first time. The highest incidence was recorded to be 91.6 per cent in cattle of Madhubani and 59.67 per cent in buffaloes of negusarai and lowest was observed to be 46.64 per cent in cattle of Ranchi and 20.57 per cent in buffaloes of Dhanbad. Incidence in cattle varied from 48.57 to 75.74 per cent and in buffaloes from 27.91 to 50.01 per cent in rest of the districts. Statistical analysis revealed.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical Immunological and therapeutic studies of gigantocotyliasis Explanatum(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Upadhyay, Aditya Narain; Sahai, B.N.The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of Gigantocotyle explanatum infection on biochemical, histochemical and pathological alterations in buffaloes, also immunological and chemotherapeutic studies were made. Simultaneously, incidence of G. explanatum in cattle and buffaloes; larval amphistomes in snails, Indoplanorbis exustus and Gyraulus convexiusculus and also certain aspects of biology of this conical fluke ware studied. BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES Serum of 18 buffaloes infected with G. explanatum alongwith 6 uninfected buffaloes were collected from local abattoir at Ranchi. Eighteen infected buffaloes were divided into three groups 6 in each lightly infected (1 50 flukes), moderately infected (51 200 flukes), heavily infected (>200 flukes) and uninfected buffaloes were maintained as controls. Total serum protein, albumin, globulin, albumin-globulin ratio, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum alanine aminotransferase, total serum bilirubin and conjugated bilirubins were estimated on blood serum alongwith glycogen levels in liver tissues of buffaloes. Total serum protein: A highly significant (p < 0.01) reduction of total serum protein in moderately and heavily infected (6.837 + 0.0131 6.316 + 0.008 g/100 ml) buffaloes was found as compared to those of uninfected controls (7.865+0.009ThesisItem Open Access PREVALENCE, IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS AND MECHANISM OF IMMUNITY TO Sarcoptes scabiei INFESTATION IN PIGS.(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2008) Sinha, Shreya; Kumar, AshokThe thesis incorporates the results of investigation on the prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei in and around Ranchi, immunization with whole mite extract antigen and induction of immune response in pigs as a result of immunization. Prevalence of S. scabiei in and around Ranchi was studied in accordance with age, breed, season and managemental condition like organized and unorganized pig farming. The overall seroprevalence of mites affecting pigs was estimated 56.81 percent in T& D and 70 percent in Desi. The age-wise prevalence indicated that pigs above 100 days of age were having the highest 42.85 percent in T & D and 84.37 percent in Desi and the animals up to 56 days age had the lowest 13.63 percent in T & D and 27.50 percent in Desi infestation. The desi pigs were found more susceptible to mite infestation as compared to T & D. Mite infestation was more common in winter ( 46.66 % T & D, 79.54 % Desi and 45.16% Landrace) and rainy season (40.90% T & D, 76.19 % Desi and 43.75%Landrace) as compared to summer season (21.73% T&D , 42.22 % Desi and 23.33% Landrace ). Hotel /Kitchen waste fed pigs were found more susceptible (47.82 %) as compared to grazing pigs ( 39.02% ) while mite infestation was more common in organized farm ( 60% ) as compared to unorganized farm ( 35.71% ) . Management wise mite prevalence study indicated that pigs maintained on kachcha floor were having the highest (82.93% ) and the pigs maintained on pacca floor were having lowest ( 64.44% ) infestation while in poor disease managemental condition pigs were found more susceptible ( 70% ) as compared to good managemental condition (22.85%). The result of the haematological studies showed that no significant change in haemoglobin and packed cell volume was found just after immunization . However, significant reduction in value was found on 90th and 150th day in group II and on 150th day in group I . In addition, the number of circulating lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophills significantly increased but neutrophil count decreased and these change was more marked on 30th and 60th day of observation. The results of the biochemical studies revealed that immunization resulted in significant decrease in albumin value. Reduction in the value was more marked on 30th and 60th day of observation. There was significant increase in serum globulin which is suggestive of an immunological response in the host to immunization. Intradermal injections of whole mite extract antigens resulted in the development of antigen –specific delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction in pigs immunized with WMEAg. Delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction was more pronounced at 48 hours, characterised by swelling and infiltration of large number of lymphocytes and macrophage . Serum precipitating antibodies to antigens of whole mite extract were detected by double immuno diffusion test . WME-Ag reacted with their homologous antisera but not with heterologous antisera indicating the presence of stage –specific antigens in whole mite extract . The presence of antibodies at the time when resistance was exhibited might indicate protective nature of antibodies . It appears, immunization with antigens comprising whole mite extract could afford better protection. Humoral antibody response of pigs to WMEAg when assessed by sandwich ELISA on day 0, 21, 60 , 90 and 150 showed significant difference in antibody level as compared to controls . However, significant antibody level could only be detected on 21st day post immunization which continued till day 150 with a peak on 21st , 60th and 90th day in group I and 21st day in group II . These results indicated significantly higher antibody level in immunized pigs and WMEAg is immunogenic From the results of the present investigation it is presumed that acquired resistance to S.scabiei in pigs has an immunological basis and the immune effector mechanism associated are hypersensitivity reactions mediated by anti –mite antibodies and cell mediated immunity.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EPIDEMIOLOGY, HOST PARASITE RELATIONSHIP, IMMUNITY AND CONTROL OF Eimeria spp. INFECTION IN FOWL (Gallus gallus) OF JHARKHAND(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2013) Kishor, Birendra; Deb, A. R.The studies were conducted on the prevalence, immunization and therapeutic control of Eimeria species infections in fowls. The results obtained have been discussed earlier in detail, the same have been summarized as follows: 1. A total of 2100 faecal samples and 1490 intestinal samples from birds were examined during the present investigation and 1216 faecal samples (57.095%) and 687 intestinal scrapings (46.107%) were found positive for the Eimeria species infections. 2. The per cent prevalence of E. tenella (34.24 %), E. necatrix (10.34 %), E. acervulina (0.62%) and mixed infection with E. tenella + E. necatrix (4.91%), E. tenella + E. acervulina (3.09%), E. necatrix +E. acervulina (2.47%) and E. tenella + E. necatrix + E. acervulina (2.34%) were recorded. 3. The fowls of 0-3 months age were found highly susceptible to the different Eimeria species of infections on the basis of faecal sample and intestinal scraping examination. 4. The maximum prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection was recorded during monsoon season followed by winter and summer on the basis of faecal sample and intestinal scraping examination. 5. The haemato-biochemical observations showed decrease in haemoglobin and PCV values in infected untreated birds throughout the experimental studies. 6. TLC (%) values were also found increased in infected untreated birds throughout the experimental observations. 7. Lymphocytes (%) significantly found increased in during infection. 8. The marked monocyte (%) population was noted reduced and eosinophils (%) were seen to get increased in the infected untreated birds. 9. Whereas the basophiles (%) were found unchanged in all groups on different days of observations. 10. The neutrophils (%) significantly decreased in infected untreated birds. 11. The total serum protein (g/dL) was found decreased in infected untreated birds. 12. The AST (I.U/dL), ALT (I.U/dL) and the serum glucose (mg/dl) were noted to be significantly increased in infected untreated birds. 13. The x-ray irradiated 32(mAs) group and 12th passaged oocysts inoculated fowls had higher body weight gain. While the infected birds showed reduced body weight gain. 14. The oocyst Per Gram (OPG) was observed to be more in infected untreated birds while the lowest OPG count was observed in 32(mAs) x-ray irradiated oocysts inoculated birds. 15. The cent percent efficacy of neem leaf water extract and Amprolium hydrochloride treated were observed in infected treated birds. 16. The severe lesion score (++++) was observed in infected untreated fowls. 17. The high stimulation index (S.I) value was observed on 31th day in passaged oocysts inoculated fowls. 18. A distinct band of precipitation was observed in Agar Gel Precipitation Test in 12th Passaged birds.
