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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Studie4s on Seed Germination And Seedling Growth of Teak ( Tactona Grandis Linn F.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Pankaj Kumar Singh; V. SivajiPreparation of good nursery gook for teak is prerequisite for raising plantations as health and vigour of the seedlings is an index for stump preparation and its future performance on out planting in the field. Present investigations were aimed to determine the optimum size of the fruits, best provenance and most suitable pretreatment needed for production of nursery stock of Tectona grandis Linn.f. Three fruits sizes viz. Large fruit 14mm to 18mm diameter (L.F.), Medium fruit = 11mm to 13mm dia. (H.F.), Small fruit = 8mm to 10mn (S.F.). Three provenances viz. P₁ = Ranchi, P2 = Jabalpur, Pa = Dehradun and four treatments including control, viz. C = Control, 28-D=20 days alternate soaking/drying (12 hours each), 35-D-35 days alternate soaking/drying (12 hours each), 50-D-50 days alternate soaking/drying (12 hours each) were taken for the study. The studies were conducted to study the effect of factors individually and interaction of fruit size and provenance, fruit size and pretreatment. The nursery experiments were conducted in Completely Randomised Design (C.R.D.) with three replications during year 1996 at the nursery of Faculty of Forestry, B.A.U. Kanke, Ranchi. Laboratory investigations were also conducted to study emptiness and seededness in fruits of teak. Results of present investigations indicated that the bigger sized fruits having more than 11mm diameter consists better percentage of seeded fruits and was found to be most suited for the germination and growth of seedlings. The dry weight of shoot, root and leaves was found to be more in case of large sized fruits, whereas, it was found that, it takes more time for commencement of germination in comparison to small sized fruits. Results of experiment indicated that the provenance had shown nonsignificant influence on the parameters studied with an exception of shoot length. However, the fruits from Jabalpur provenance had given higher values on parameters studied. Present study had shown that the pretreatment has significant influence on all the parameters of germination and growth of seedlings. Increase in the number of days of pretreatments will reduce the number of days taken for the commencement of germination. It was found that the higher values of growth parameters were obtained from the fruits given 20 days treatment than that of the 50 days treatment. Interaction of the factors between fruit size and provenance and fruit size and pretreatment did not have any significant influence on any of the parameters studied. Thus, in the present study fruit size and pretreatment had shown the significant on the germination and growth of the teak seedlings. Provenance, interaction of factors between fruit size and provenance, fruit size and pretreatment had shown nonsignificant results in most of the parameters studied.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Stem Cutting of Dalbergia Latifolia Roxb. And Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Lalan Kumar Sharma; Dr. O. N. PandeyIt is well known fact that the quality and quantity of wood in India is depleting at an alarming rate. National Forest Policy(1988) enunciates that 1/ 3rd of the total land area of the country should be under forests. At present the total recorded area of the forest in India is only 19.4% (Anon, 1991) To overcome the situation we have to maintain the natural forest cover as well as to make large scale plantations of multipurpose tree species (MPTS). Dalbergia latifolia (Rosewood) and Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham) are the two species belonging to family Papilionaceae which rank among the finest woods Being good fodder and nitrogen fixing tree species these are opted in afforestation/ reforestation/social-forestry/agroforestry programmes very frequently. Nursery technique of D. sissoo has been standardized by various scientists Some attempts have also been made with stem cuttings. But most of the works have been done in mist condition. The technique for the rooting of cuttings in open conditions is yet to be standardized. No work has been reported on the propagation of D. latifolia except Negi (1982). It is a poor seed producing species. To maintain the quality of timber and to commercialize its propagation, the present investigation entitled "Effect of plant growth. regulators on stem cuttings of Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb." was conducted. Four levels of P.G.RS (Plant Growth Regulators) ie.. 2000 ppm IBA. 5000 ppm IBA. 8000 ppm IBA solution and surootex-05 grade in powder form. were taken as treatments. Stem cuttings of 18-20 cm length and 0.5 to 10 cm diameter were collected from one-year old shoots of 10-15 years age class trees Observations were recorded upto four months. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications during 1995 at Rarha Research Station of Faculty of Forestry, B.A U. Kanke, Ranchi Regarding root behavior, D. sisson performed better in comparison to 1). latifolia in all respects viz. number of days taken for rooting, number and length of primary & secondary roots, percentage of rooting. 62% rooting was achieved by D. Sisson whereas 1. latifolia secured 50% rooting Among levels of hormones used. IBA 5000 ppm always showed better result than other treatments 83% rooting response was seen in 5000 ppm IBA followed by 65% in 2000 ppm IBA. Surootex got fourth position having 40% of rooting. All the treatments were superior to control. Interactions between the species and levels of P.G.Rs showed significant effect on percentage of rooting. D.sixson with 5000 ppm IBA combination secured the maximum (39%) and D). latifolia with control secured the minimum (25%) Higher percentage of survival of plants (56%) was given by D. sissoo and D. latifolia gave 46% of survival 5000 ppm again showed its superiority giving maximum percentage of survival (78%) followed by 2000 ppm IBA (59%). Surootex got fourth position in this respect but all the treatments showed superior result to control. Regarding growth and uniformity of plants. D. sisson between species and 5000 ppm among the levels of hormones showed the best result in all respects viz. number of leaves pershoot, shoot length, plant height and basal diameter except in days taken for shoot emergence where D. latifolia performed better Maximum plant height of 38.0 cm was recorded after the four months of planting of cuttings in case of D. sissoo. D. latifolia achieved 33.0 cm of plant height during this period. 5000 ppm again attained the maximum height (37.2 cm) followed by 2000 ppm IBA (36.8 cm). Surootex got fourth position in this respect. At all stages of time the growth and uniformity of the plants was maintained. Hence for rooting of cuttings, 5000 ppm IBA may be recommended to growers for future use for the multiplication of plants of D. latifolia and D. sissoo.ThesisItem Open Access Standardization of Nursery Technique of Pjerocadus Marsudrum Roxb And Gmelina Areoria Roxb.(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Ras Bihari Sagh; Dr.O.N. PandeyStandardization of nursery technique of a tree species is an important pre-requisite as health and vigour of nursery stock is an index of its future performance on out planting in the field. Present investigations were aimed to determine the optimum size of polythene bag and the most suitable potting mixture needed for production of nursery stock of Pterocarpus marsupium and Gmelina arborea. Four bag sizes viz., S 10cm x 20cm with 100 gauge, S2 13.5cm x 24.5cm with 150 gauge, S3 17cm x 27.5cm with 150 gauge, S4= 20cm x 30cm with 200 gauge; and four potting mixtures viz.. soil, sand and FYM in 2:1:1 ratio (M), in 2:1:0 ratio (M2). in 1:1:1 ratio (M3). in 1:1:0 ratio (M): were taken for the study. The nursery experiments were conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications during 1993 at Rarha Research Station of Faculty of Forestry, BAU. Kanke, Ranchi. Laboratory investigations were also conducted to study the nutrient relations in different plant parts of both the species.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT BLACKGRAM VARIETIES UNDER BIJASAL (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) BASED AGRISILVICULTURE SYSTEM(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Mini Bharti; P.R. Oraon)The gains of agroforestry research till date are certainly impressive. There are good number of success stories where tree based cropping systems have yielded good results. Keeping above facts in view, the present investigation entitled “Comparative study of different Blackgram varieties under Bijasal (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) based Agrisilviculture System” was carried out at Agroforestry Research Field, RVC Campus, B.A.U. Kanke, Ranchi during kharif season 2022. Objectives of the research; evaluate the performance of the different varieties of Blackgram under Pterocarpus marsupium based agrisilviculture system, to study the growth performance of Pterocarpus marsupium and assess the soil fertility status before sowing and after harvest of Blackgram under Pterocarpus marsupium based agrisilviculture system. The field was laid out with Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 4 replication and 9 treatments viz.T1 - Pterocarpus marsupium + Urd (Var. Birsa Urd-1), T2 - Pterocarpus marsupium + Urd (Var. Birsa Urd-2), T3 - Pterocarpus marsupium + Urd (Var. WBU-109), T4 - Pterocarpus marsupium + Urd (Var. Uttara), T5 - Sole Pterocarpus marsupium, T6 - Sole Birsa Urd-1, T7 - Sole Birsa Urd-2, T8 - Sole WBU-109 and T9 - Sole Uttara. Growth of Bijasal (Pterocarpus marsupium) was influenced positively with intervention of intercrops as it is seen in the growth parameters the increment in height (52.42 cm) of Pterocarpus marsupium was maximum and observed significantly superior in treatment combination T1 - Pterocarpus marsupium + Urd (Var. Birsa Urd-1) which was statistically at par with treatments T4and T2 with minimum value recorded in treatment T5. The maximum increment in collar diameter (0.69 cm) and number of branches (3.52) showed better results in T1 - Pterocarpus marsupium + Urd (Var. Birsa Urd-1). The maximum canopy spread (54.65 cm) and (55.17 cm) in EW and NS direction was achieved in treatment combination T1 Pterocarpus marsupium + Urd (Var. Birsa Urd-1). The Bijasal (Pterocarpus marsupium) with intercrop showed better results than sole plant. The yield parameters of black gram (Vigna mungo) crops were found maximum (13.76 q ha-1) in T6 - Sole Birsa Urd-1which was significantly higher than T9, T7, T1 and T4. Here crops growth was also influenced positively under woody component but yield attributes and yield of crops were found more in sole crop treatment than under woody component might be due to initial age of Bijasal (Pterocarpus marsupium) plants. The soil of intercropping showed significantly better than the sole crop. There was significant effect on soil pH (5.3), available nitrogen (356 kg ha-1) and available phosphorus (11.6 kg ha-1) was recorded maximum in treatment T1 - Pterocarpus marsupium + Urd (Var. Birsa Urd-1)with intercropping and were found in increasing order which is expected to further increase the growth of the system. Benefit cost ratio was maximum in T6 - Sole Birsa Urd-1 (2.76) and minimum was found in T3 - Pterocarpus marsupium + Urd (Var. WBU-109) (1.45). In future Intercrops will be a source of additional income to the growers rather keeping the interspace fallow. The financial benefits were more in the intercropping system as compare to the sole cropping systems, and it may reduce the risk of crop failure and compensate the return from the trees. So, based on the findings of my present investigation, Bijasal (Pterocarpus marsupium) in its initial age gives so much positive results under leguminous crops. It will surely beneficial through intercrop for long years. Black gram cultivation, strengthens the soil nutrients as black grams are known for imparting nitrogen content to soil and improve the soil fertility. Therefore, significant effects were seen on soil pH, available nitrogen and available phosphorus with intercropping and were found in increasing order which is expected to further increase the growth of the system. These results are only indicative and require further experimentation to derive more consistent and final conclusion.However, further studies are needed to screen various other cultivated crops of the region to find out compatible crops, which could be complementary in this system.Furthermore, there is a need to evolve Blackgram varieties suitable for inter cultivation in such a system as the trees matures and attains harvestable age. By combining suitable complementary variety along with tree farming the production level of both grain and timber can be sustained.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Comparative Growth and Yield performance of Bamboo species propagated through different modes(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Adity Isha Prachi Tirkey; B.C. OraonBamboo is a perennial plant belonging to the Poaceae (sometimes called Gramineae) family. In terms of taxonomy, it is considered as a giant grass. Bamboo is regarded as one of the most important non-timber forest products in terms of total production. Bamboo was used to produce a variety of household and light construction applications at a low cost, earning it the moniker "poor man's timber". Keeping above facts in view ,the present investigation entitled “Studies on Comparative Growth and Yield performance of Bamboo species propagated through different modes” was carried out at in Forest Conservation, Afforestation, Research and Evaluation at Garkhatanga, Namkum in Ranchi district between the months of July and December, 2022. Objective of the Research were: 1. To study the comparative growth and yield performance of different bamboo species grown in acidic soil 2. To study the comparative soil physical and chemical properties under bamboo species clumps 3. To study the comparative economics of different bamboo species. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) , consisting of 3 replication and 8 treatment viz. T1 –Bambusa vulgaris; T2- Melocana bacifera; T3- Bambusa bambos; T4- Dendrocalamus strictus; T5- Dendrocalamus longispathus; T6- Phyllostachys aureosulcata; T7- Dendrocalamus giganteus and T8-Bambusa balcooa. There were significant as well as non-significant differences for various growth and yield parameters. The maximum height increment after six month was noticed 7.14m in T1-Bambusa vulgaris. The order of increment % at 6 month interval of height of bamboo culms was found as T2T2 >T5>T3>T6>T8>T7. So, based on the above findings, The most effective result for the growth parameter i.e. height, diameter, no. of culm, new emerging shoot and volume (yield) was found best in T1- Bambusa vulgaris. The increment percentage (%) in term of height, length of internodes, basal area was found best in T4-Dendrocalamus strictus as compared to other bamboo species. The soil physical character i.e. soil pH, soil organic carbon content (%) was found best in T4-Dendrocalamus strictus, available nitrogen and available potassium was found best in T1-Bambusa vulgaris and available phosphorus was found best in T3-Bambusa bamboo. The economics of bamboo cultivation in term of net return and benefit cost ratio was observed best in T1-Bambusa vulgaris and T4-Dendrocalamus strictus. Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus strictus were found to be well suited to the Ranchi climate. Further research needs to be followed for more details and more no. of Bamboo species to be compatible to Ranchi climate. Implementation of these researches will be beneficial to uplift the rural economy of farmers and living standard of farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Site suitability analysis of Gmelina arborea Roxb. using Remote Sensing & Geographic Information System (GIS) in Ranchi district, Jharkhand(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Bharathi. H. J; A. K. ChakrabortyThe present investigation entitled “Site suitability mapping of Gmelina arborea Roxb. using Remote Sensing and GIS in Ranchi District, Jharkhand” were carried out using ArcGIS and QGIS with the help of JSAC, Ranchi in the study area during the year 2021-22 with the following objectives: i) To prepare land use/land cover map of Ranchi district using high-resolution satellite data. ii) Preparation of thematic geodata base and ancillary database for site suitability iii) Analysis for site suitability in GIS environment for G. arborea. Multi-criteria approach was used to conduct suitability mapping of G. arborea in Ranchi. Suitability mapping was carried out within the cultivable wasteland sites of Ranchi district, which was masked from the cultivable wasteland map of Ranchi district prepared using two seasons, viz., rabi (Jan–Mar) and kharif (Aug–Nov) Sentinel-II satellite data. Wasteland map of Ranchi was generated at the scale of 1: 50,000 using ArcGIS and QGIS software. Favorable environment conditions/ limitations i.e., slope, soil characteristics viz soil texture, drainage, depth, pH and climatic conditions viz temperature and rainfall were applied for identification of suitable areas for G. arborea plantation. Thematic and geodatabase of all the seven parameters were generated using ArcGIS and QGIS. All the layers, viz., soil, slope and ground water were masked using the cultivable wasteland layer as an input. All these layers were overlaid and integrated to derive a suitability map. For G. arborea plantations, Suitability classes were categorized as follows: (i) land units with no or only four slight limitations: highly suitable, (ii) land units with no more than four moderate limitations: moderately suitable, (iii) land units with more than four moderate limitations and/or one or more severe limitations: marginally suitable, (iv) land units with severe limitations: currently not suitable. Each parameter is assigned with the numbers one to four, highly suitable category of a parameter (e.g., soil texture, slope, groundwater etc.) in a particular area is assigned one followed by a moderately suitable parameter as two, marginally suitable parameter as three and not suitable category of the parameter as four. Area statistics were generated for different suitability classes of wasteland categories developed for Ranchi district. In Ranchi, wasteland occupied 6.49% (330.97 km2) of total geographical area (5097 km2). Forest scrub showed dominance and occupied 57% (188.05 km2) of total wasteland category followed by open scrub having 24% (78.37 km2), degraded land with 19% (61.77 km2) and brick kiln area occupies 1% (2.78 km2).In block-wise distribution of wasteland, Namkum has highest wasteland area of 39.76 km2 followed by Angara (37.60 km2), Tamar (29.98 km2) and the smallest area in Ratu (2.01 km2). Approximately 20% (64.31 km2) of the total cultivable wasteland in Ranchi was identified as highly suitable for G. arborea cultivation. Additionally, 16% (53 km2) of the area was categorized as moderately suitable. The largest portion of cultivable wasteland, measuring 128.95 km2, fell under the marginally suitable category, while the not suitable category covered an area of 25% (83.43 km2) of the total area. Within the notified forest area, a highly suitable area of 46.66 km2 was identified for G. arborea cultivation. Additionally, there was a moderately suitable area of 31.48 km2, a marginally suitable area of 76.79 km2, and a not suitable area of 43.67 km2.In the non-forest area of Ranchi, the suitability assessment identified an area of 17.65 km2 as highly suitable for G. arborea cultivation. Additionally, there was a moderately suitable area of 21.53 km2, a marginally suitable area of 52.16 km2, and a not suitable area of 39.76 km2.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Socio-economic Aspects vis-àvis Agroforestry Practices in Ormanjhi Block of Ranchi District(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Shalini Kumari; A.K. ChakrabortyThe present study entitled “Studies on Socio-economic Aspects vis-à-vis Agroforestry Practices in Ormanjhi block of Ranchi District” was carried out during the year 2021-2022 for viewing the significance of agroforestry for socio-economic upliftment of rural household through agroforestry interventions. Through multi-stage randomized selections, 80 households of Ormanjhi block were surveyed on the basis of agroforestry practices and socio-economic aspects. The data were collected by personal interviews of the respondents through a structured interview schedule. Data on existing agroforestry practices were collected through field visit. Demographic details of the villages comprising details of the household’s family structure, age profile, land holding size, occupational profile, cropping pattern, monthly income from vegetables, and total annual income of respondents and willingness of farmers to grow trees on their farm in future were obtained and analyzed. Majority of respondents in the study area were of female population (51.18%) more than male population (48.82%). Maximum age class 30-40yrs (41.25%) followed by age class 40-50yrs (28.75%). Maximum 60% of respondent’s belong to small size family followed by 28% in medium size family. Most of them belong to Schedule tribe (65%) followed by 32.5% in backward caste. 50% respondents were observed as kuttcha house and 26.25% were mixed house type. Descending literacy status was found in order as primary to graduation, Matric (25%)>Intermediate (23.75)> Elementary (18.75)> Illiterate (17.5%)> Graduation (15%). Almost 56.25% households in the study area were engaged in farming which was the main source of livelihood. Further, 32.50% households were engaged in labor work. Maximum 71.25% of households having below 1 hectare land holding status in Ormanjhi block followed by 15% households having 1-2 hectare land. Agriculture (50%), Agroforestry (20%) and Agriculture with Horticulture having (18.75%) are the main land uses practices. Monthly income observed from vegetables Rs.2000-5000 (31.25%) of households followed by Rs.10000-20000(28.75%). Existing agroforestry practices by the respondents were trees on homesteads which is practiced by the maximum household, trees on fields bunds, silvipasture, silvihorticulture and trees scattered in agricultural fields (in between crops). Teak, Karanj, Sisso, Gamhar were the forest tree species observed on farmers lands. The finding of the present study suggests to carefully consider Socio-Economic factors while designing agroforestry models for the study area. Further, the farmers should practice fruit treebased agroforestry system such as, agri-horti-silviculture system, mixed farming (production of food, fodder, fuel on a small piece of land). The existing agroforestry practices also need improvement by incorporating fruit, fodder and timber trees as per farmer choice.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different leguminous crops on soil and growth under Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) based Agroforestry system(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Hemlata Gupta; J.K. Kerketta)The present investigation entitled “Effect of different leguminous crops on soil and growth under Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) based Agroforestry system” was carried out at nursery site of faculty of forestry, Birsa Agricultural University Kanke, Ranchi during April to June 2022 with objectives: (1) To study the growth behaviour of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (2) To study the yield of leguminous crops, and (3) To study the chemical properties of soil under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out as per Randomized Block Design consisting of five treatments with four replications. The treatments were T1 (Jackfruit + Black gram), T2 (Jackfruit + Green gram), T3 (Jackfruit + Cowpea), T4 (Jackfruit + French bean) and T5 (Jackfruit sole). The experiment was conducted on 2-year-old Jackfruit (baramasi) plants with spacing 5m x 5m. The intercrops grown were black gram, green gram, cowpea and French bean. The various growth parameters for the of Jackfruit plants viz. plant height, collar diameter, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant were studied to access the effect of leguminous crops on growth of Jackfruit plant. Different yield attributes of all leguminous intercrops were recorded and analysed to find the yield. Various soil chemical properties were also recorded and analysed to access the effect of leguminous crops on soil under Jackfruit-based agroforestry system. As per the result of the experiment, growth parameters of jackfruit plants were positively affected by growing leguminous intercrops in the interspaces between the trees. All the growth parameters of jackfruit plants recorded and analysed were significant. Jackfruit + Cowpea (T3) recorded maximum plant height (148.1 cm), collar diameter (2.69 cm), number of branches (14.02) and number of leaves (333.0) followed by Jackfruit + Black gram (T1), Jackfruit + Green gram(T2), and Jackfruit + French bean (T4). The minimum was recorded by Jackfruit sole (T5). Cowpea equivalent yield of all four leguminous intercrops varied significantly. The maximum (134.46 q ha-1 ) cowpea equivalent yield was recorded for Jackfruit + Cowpea (T3) which was significantly higher than Jackfruit + French bean (T4), Jackfruit + Green gram (T2) and Jackfruit + Black gram (T1). Soil chemical properties viz. soil pH (6.075), organic carbon (0.395%), available nitrogen (241.0 kg ha-1 ), available phosphorus (72.0 kg ha-1 ) and available potassium (168.0 kg ha-1 ) were also found significant with Jackfruit + Cowpea (T3) recorded maximum and Jackfruit sole (T5) recorded minimum. Leguminous intercrops have positive effect on growth of jackfruit plants during establishment period. Cowpea had the best effect on growth jackfruit plants. Leguminous intercrops add to the fertility of soil by enhancing the soil health.Among the leguminous intercrops taken for study Cowpea had the best effect on soil and growth of Jackfruit plants and also in terms of yield, cowpea showed the best result therefore,Cowpea can be taken as intercrop in Jackfruit-based agroforestry system.ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF INTERCROPS IN ALLEYS OF HOARY PEA (Tephrosia candida DC.) AT RANCHI”(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Deepty Merlin Minz; Anil KumarThe present experiment was conducted on “Studies on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of intercrops in alleys of Hoary pea (Tephrosia candida DC) at Ranchi” laid out in 2020 in agroforestry field at Ranchi Veterinary College Farm campus at Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi. Keeping in view of the fact, the present investigation is being proposed with the objectives: 1. To study the growth and yield of intercrops in alleys of Tephrosia. 2. To estimate the nutrient uptake by different crops and change in physico chemical properties of soil. 3. To assess the economics of the practices. The plants were planted in the year 2018 at spacing 3mx3m.This experiment was laid for the purpose to understand the best combination for growth, yield and nutrient uptake of Tephrosia based intercropping with Linseed, Field Pea, Lentil, Mustard and Chickpea in Rabi in Randomized Block Design. Each treatment was replicated four times in the experimental plot. Soil samples were collected before sowing of intercrops and after harvest of intercrops for chemical analysis. In the present study, the different growth parameters of agricultural crop such as Crop height (cm), Number of branches per plant, Number of Pod / Siliqua / Capsule per branch, Number of seeds per Pod / Siliqua / Capsule, Seed test weight (g), Stover yield (kg ha-1) were taken during standing crops and yield attributing character such as Grain yield (qha-1), Biological yield (qha-1), Harvest index (%) were taken at the time of harvesting. The analysis of soil data such as Soil pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Organic carbon were taken in the soil laboratory using standard method. The present findings indicates that among agricultural crops maximum height was found in 138.67cm in T4 (Tephrosia + Mustard) followed by 64.59cm in T2 (Tephrosia + Field pea) and minimum height was found in 42.31cm in T3 (Tephrosia + Lentil). The maximum no. of branches per plants was found in 23.46 in T5 (Tephrosia + Mustard) followed by 15.85 in T2 (Tephrosia + Field pea) whereas maximum no. of pods/capsule/siliqua per plant was found in 96.75 in T4 (Tephrosia + Mustard) followed by 55.78 in T1(Tephrosia+Linseed). The seed test weight was found in 136.25 gm in T5(Tephrosia+Mustard) followed by 95.50 gm in T2(Tephrosia+Field pea) and least was found in 3.04 gm in T4 (Tephrosia + Mustard) whereas stover yield (q/ha) was found in 40.00 in T5 (Tephrosia + Mustard) followed by 37.05 in T2(Tephrosia+Field pea) and least was found in 25.31 in T1 (Tephrosia + Linseed). Significant effect of Tephrosia candida on stover yield was of agricultural crops was found. The increasing order of stover yield was found as T1>T4>T3>T2>T5. Agricultural crops yield (q/ha) was found in 18.38 in T5(Tephrosia+Chickpea) followed by 17.28 in T2(Tephrosia+Field pea) whereas harvest index (%) was found in 36.87% in T1(Tephrosia+Linseed) followed by 36.73% in T4(Tephrosia+Mustard) and minimum was found in 31.48% in T5(Tephrosia+Chickpea). The increasing order of height found as T5>T3>T2>T4>T1. Soil status after intercropping, the maximum OC% was found in 0.439 in T1 (Tephrosia + Linseed) followed by 0.386 in T2 (Tephrosia+Field pea). The maximum Nitrogen available was found to be 270.673h in T1(Tephrosia+Linseed) followed by 238.38h in T2 (Tephrosia + Field pea) and minimum was found in 207.013h in T4 (Tephrosia + Mustard). The maximum potassium available was found in 16.225h in T4 (Tephrosia + Mustard) followed by 15.233h in T3(Tephrosia+Lentil) and minimum was found in 11.55h in T1(Tephrosia+Linseed). The maximum potassium available after intercropping was found in 147.625h in T1(Tephrosia+Linseed) followed by 146.55h in T5 (Tephrosia + Chickpea) and minimum was found in 139.658h in T4 (Tephrosia + Mustard).
