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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2013 - 201923
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Subject: Silviculture and Agroforestry × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF MANGO BASED AGRIHORTICULTURE SYSTEM AT BHANDRA BLOCK OF LOHARDAGA DISTRICT IN JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Sahu, Saraswati; Sah, R.B.
    The study entitled “Performance of Mango Based Agri-Horticulture System at Bhandra Block of Lohardaga District in Jharkhand” was conducted at Dhanamunji Village, Bhandra Block in Lohardaga District of Jharkhand during the year 2017-2018 with the objectives: (1) To study the growth and yield of Mango under Agri- Horticulture system. (2) To study the growth and yield performance of Mustard and Linseed under Mango based Agri-Horticulture system. (3) To study the economics of Agri-Horticulture system in combination of Mustard and Linseed with Mango. The design adopted was RBD with five treatments and four replications. They were: T1: Mango+Mustard, T2: Mango+ Linseed, T3: Sole Mango, T4: Sole Mustard and T5: Sole Linseed. The fruit yield of mango (Mangifera indica L.) (var. Amrapalli) expressed significant increase due to intercropping and was higher in T1 (36.68 kg/ha) than in T2 (34.57 kg/ha). The maximum height of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) (var. Laxmi) plant at harvest was found in T4 (115.00 cm) and minimum was found in T1 (113.07 cm). Almost similar trend was followed in number of primary branches/plant, number of siliquae/plant, number of seed/siliqua, test weight, grain yield, stover yield, biological yield and harvest index (%) too. The maximum height of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) (var. Neelam) plant at harvest was found in T5 (53.08 cm) and minimum was found in T2 (51.50 cm). Almost similar trend was followed in number of capsules/plant, number of seed/capsule, test weight, grain yield, stover yield, biological yield and harvest index (%) too. The maximum net monetary return ( 82,209 per ha) was found in T1 treatment and was followed by T2 ( 71,771 per ha), T3 ( 41,090 per ha), T4 ( 25,608 per ha) and minimum ( 18,731 per ha) in T5. The benefit cost ratio varied from 2.12 - 3.95 and was maximum (3.95) in T1 followed by T2 (3.55) and was minimum (2.12) in T5. Non-significant reduction in pH and available nitrogen content of soil but nonsignificant increase in available phosphorus and potassium in all the treatments at the harvest. Likewise, there was non-significant increase in water holding capacity and organic carbon content of the soil in all treatments at the harvest. Hence, it can be concluded that cultivation of mustard and linseed under agrihorticulture system is a profitable cultivation practice for farmers of Jharkhand region. The intercultural operations, water management and manures and fertilizer management of field crops improved the flowering and fruiting of mango. Farmers can be benefited by practicing mango-based agri-horticulture system through additional income, on-farm employment, and better nutritional and food security. Keywords – Mango, Linseed, Mustard, Agri-horticulture, Growth Yield, Economic analysis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON EFFECT OF INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF Albizzia lebbeck (L.) Benth AT SEEDLING STAGE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Jyoti Prakash, Jay; Oraon, P.R.
    with the following objectives: (i) To study the seed characteristics and germination behaviour of Albizzia lebbeck seed sown in the soil of polybags treated with inorganic ,organic and biofertilizers(ii) To find out comparative efficiency of chemical , organic and biofertilizers on growth characteristics of Albizzia lebbeck at seedling stage. The nursery layout was made according to the requirements of the study. The study was conducted for time period of 6 months. The various treatment compositions were made by using inorganic, organic and biofertilizers with various levels. The seed characteristics were studied before sowing into the polybag. The germination parameters of the Albizzia lebbeck under the influence of various treatments were studied. The growth parameters as well as quality parameters were also studied. The physiological parameters of the seedlings were also studied in this research work. Final germination percentages (G) of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum (G) was found in PSB and Urea treatment combinations, the lowest mean germination time was found in PSB and Ureai.e. (942.25 hrs), germination rate index (GRI) of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum germination rate index (GRI) was seen in treatment combination having PSB, Brady rhizobium japonicum, Karanj cake and Urea (5.94%) while germination index (GI) of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum (GI) was seen in PSB and Urea(322.33). The growth parameters also showed variation among the treatment combinations. Shoot length of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum shoot length was in PSB and Urea (40.73 cm),root length of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum root length was in PSB and Urea (29.10 cm), collar diameter of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum collar diameter was in Brady rhizobium japonicum and Karanj cake(5.07 mm). The quality parameters were found to be significantly different between treatments. Root-shoot ratio of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum root-shoot ratio was in treatment containing sole Urea (1.29),vigour index (V.I) of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum (V.I) was in treatment in PSB and Urea combination (6486.65),sturdiness quotient (S.Q) of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum (S.Q) was in PSB and Urea combination (8.95) and Dickson quality index (Q.I) of Albizzia lebbeck seedlings under influence of applied treatment combinations showed that maximum (Q.I) was in Brady rhizobium japonicum(1.92). The eco-physiological growth parameters showed that the biofertilizers along with combination of inorganic fertilizers increases relative growth rate of the seedlings and accumulates more biomass as compared to the other treatments. The relative growth rate for two intervals are found maximum in PSB and Urea treatment combination (T8) 0.40 gday-1 and 1.04 gday-1, the Net assimilation rate for two intervals are found maximum in PSB and Urea treatment combination (T8) 0.55 gcm-2d-1and 0.92 gcm-2d-1. The leaf area ratios for 4 intervals have been recorded as follows: in LAR-1 the maximum was found in treatment combinations of Brady rhizobium japonicum and Karanj cake (T7)165.98cm2g-1, in LAR-2 the maximum was in (T7) 290 cm2g-1while in LAR-3 and LAR-4 the maximum value was found in treatment combinations of PSB and Urea (T8) 393.37 cm2g-1and 375.45 cm2g-1. The Physico-chemical characteristics of experimental soil after harvest of the seedlings are also studied. There was enrichment in soil available nitrogen and phosphorous due to action of Phosphorous solublizing bacteria and Rhizobial action. The available nitrogen was found maximum in treatment combinations of Brady rhizobium japonicum and Karanj cake (T7) i.e. 371.2 kgha-1. While available phosphorous was found maximum in treatment combinations of PSB and Urea (T8) i.e. 37.83 Kgha-1.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WATERING FREQUENCIES ON THE SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING GROWTH & QUALITY OF TWO AGROFORESTRY SPECIES VIZ. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. AND Gmelina arborea Roxb
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Gupta, Preeti; Sivaji, V.
    The research work entitled “Effect of different watering frequencies on the seed germination, seedling growth and quality of two agroforestry species viz Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. and Gmelina arborea Roxb. “was undertaken at the Nursery site .Faculty of forestry, B.A.U. during the period from June, 2018 to November, 2018.The study was conducted with objective to study the germination, growth and quality of Dalbergia sissoo and Gmelina arborea at six different watering frequencies viz. Daily Watering (W1), Watering 3rd day (W2), Watering 6th day (W3), Watering 9th day (W4), Watering 12th day (W5) and Watering 15th Day (W6). To achieve the objectives the research was carried out under 4 experiments, each laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design, replicated three times and provided with six watering frequencies. Experiment 1 and 2 were conducted for studying the germination of Dalbergia sissoo (S1) and Gmelina arborea (S2) respectively where both the species germination was studied independently for one month. Seed germination of both the species were recorded on daily basis from each treatment. Experiment 3 with Dalbergia sissoo (D) and 4 with Gmelina arborea (G) were conducted for the study of growth and quality of seedlings of both the species under six watering frequencies. Results pertaining to the data of Experiment 1 (Dalbergia sissoo) and 2 (Gmelina arborea) showed that increasing intervals of watering frequencies delays the germination of seeds of both the species and also reduces the germination percentage and germination energy. In experiments 1 and 2 data recorded on commencement of germination showed that S1W1, S1W2, S1W3 are at par and significantly different from S1W6. In Gmelina arborea S2W1, S2W2, S2W3, and S2W4 (at par) are statistically different from S2W5, S2W6 which are at par with each other .
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF TREE SPECIES AND FORAGE CROP UNDER SILVIPASTORAL SYSTEM
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) KUMARI TUDU, SARITA; Oraon, P. R.
    The present study entitled “Carbon Sequestration Potential of Tree Species and Forage Crop under Silvipastoral System” was conducted at AICRP (Agroforestry) field, main campus BAU, Ranchi during the year 2017-2018 with the following objectives. 1. To estimate the total carbon content in tree species as well as fodder crop. 2. To assess the nutrient status of soil. 3. To study the growth performance of fodder crops under Silvipastoral system. Research was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with twelve treatments and replicated thrice. They were: T1:Teak + Hybrid Napier, T2: Teak + Sudan, T3: Gamhar + Hybrid Napier, T4: Gamhar + Sudan, T5: Teak + Gamhar + Hybrid Napier, T6: Teak + Gamhar + Sudan, T7: Teak (sole), T8: Gamhar (sole), T9: Teak + Gamhar (sole), T10: Sole Hybrid Napier, T11:Sole Sudan, T12: Absolute Control ( treated soil). In the present findings it was noticed that growth rate of different tree species varied significantly from treatment to treatment under Silvipastoral system. It was observed that the average height was highest in T3 (5.68 m) followed by T4 (5.56 m), T1 (5.20 m), T8 (5.16) T2 (5.03 m) and T5b (4.81m) which was at par with each other and least by T6a (4.19 m). It was also recorded that the maximum average diameter at breast height was in T1 (8.50 cm) which was closely followed by T2 (8.03 cm), T4 (7.44 cm), T3 (7.41 cm), T7 (7.40 cm) and T8 (7.24 cm) which was at par with each other and minimum in T9b (5.19 cm). Significant differences were observed in case of tree volume and maximum volume was found in T1 (0.057 m3) followed by T3 (0.054 m3), T4 (0.053 m3), T2 (0.051 m3) and T8 (0.048 m3) which was at par with each other and least by T9a (0.026 m3). It was shown that the total weight of above ground biomass varies significantly with treatment to treatment. The maximum above ground biomass were observed for T1 (Teak + Hybrid Napier) with value of 36.06 t ha-1 followed by T2 (Teak + Sudan), T3 (Gamhar + Hybrid Napier) which was at par with each other and minimum by 16.15 t ha-1 with T9 (Teak + Gamhar) followed by T5 (Teak + Gamhar + Hybrid Napier), T6 (Teak + Gamhar + sudan),T7 (Teak) and T8 (Gamhar ) which was also at par with each other. The same result was also found below ground biomass as well as total biomass.On the basis of carbon sequestration potential (t ha-1), three treatments namely T1, T2 and T3 may be selected as superior treatment because they produced maximum C content 22.54, 20.03 and 17.17 t ha-1 respectively. The same trend was also followed by CO2 Sequestered. Significant difference was found in average plant populations per square meter of Sudan grass and its maximum plant population was recorded in T11:Sudan (sole) followed by T4 (28) and T2 (27) and minimum average plant population was obtained in T6 (24). Similarly in case of average tillers per square meter of Hybrid Napier grass significant difference was recorded and maximum tillers was found in T10: Hybrid Napier and minimum was in T5.The maximum average plant height of forage crops at different interval was found in T10: Hybrid Napier (Sole) and it was significantly superior over T1, T2, T3, T5, T6 and T11 and minimum average plant height was found in T4 at 15 DAS and same trend was also followed at 30 DAS, 45 DAS and 60 DAS at 1st cuts. Same pattern was also followed with 2nd cuts of forage crops. Significant difference was observed in case of total green fodder yield at 1st cuts and the maximum value was recorded for T10 (94.03q ha-1), followed by T1(92.12 q ha-1) and T5 (89.58 q ha-1) and its minimum for T6 (59.89 q ha-1) . Similarly in case of total green fodder yield at 2nd cuts, maximum value recorded for T10 (89.04 q ha-1) which varied significantly with its minimum value recorded for T5 (28.58 q ha-1). The same result was also noticed by dry fodder yield. On the basis of above ground biomass (q ha-1), four treatment namely, T10, T5, T1 and T3 may be selected as superior treatment because they produced the maximum biomass i.e. 64.60, 60.63, 60.31and 59.88 q ha-1 respectively, which was significantly superior to rest of combination. Similarly in case of below ground biomass and total biomass under Silvipastoral system. Maximum carbon sequestration potential of forage crop was shown by T10 (34.88 q ha-1) followed by T5 (32.74 q ha-1) and minimum in T6 (15.11q ha-1). The same trend was also followed in CO2 sequestration. Tree plantation and forage cultivation under silvi-pastoral system in 0-30 cm depth soil, the maximum available NPK content (kg ha-1) were recorded with T4 and it was significantly superior over Gamhar (sole), Teak (sole), Teak + Gamhar (sole) and Absolute control (treated soil) and minimum available NPK content was recorded with absolute control in pre harvest forage crop and same trend was also followed by post harvest forage crop. The highest carbon sequestration potential of soil (tha-1) was about 20.17 t C ha-1 in T4. Whereas, least was accumulated in T12 (17.63 t C ha-1). Total biomass accumulation under Silvipastoral system was obtained in T1: Teak and Hybrid Napier (52.31 t ha-1) followed by T2: Teak + Sudan (44.07) and T3: Gamhar + Hybrid Napier (41.53) and minimum in T11: Sudan (5.53). Total carbon sequestration potential of Silvipastoral system (Tree + Fodder crops + soil) was accumulated maximum in T1 at the rate of 165.74 t C ha-1, which was 61 per cent more than tree-less area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TREE WITH INTERCROPS UNDER TEAK BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM AT RANCHI, JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Ranjan, Ashish; Malik, M.S.
    The research entitled with “Study on growth and yield of tree with intercrops under Teak based Agroforestry system at Ranchi, Jharkhand” was conducted at Rice farm (W section), B.A.U kanke, Ranchi. The experiment was laid out to find out the best combination for growth, yield and economic feasibility of Chickpea, Lentil, Linseed and Safflower crops in Rabi 2018 - 2019. Consisting of methods of sowing and time of sowing under open and shaded conditions in all possible combinations were tested in RBD with three replications with following objectives: 1. To study the growth and yield of field crops with Teak. 2. To analyse the physico-chemical properties of soil under this system. 3. To study the economics of the system. The maximum increment in height of Teak (Tectona grandis) was found in T2 (Teak + Chickpea) 0.08 m followed by T1 (Teak + Lentil), T3 (Teak + Linseed) 0.06 m and T4 (Teak + Safflower) 0.06 m least was found in T5 (sole Teak) 0.05 m. The maximum increment in diameter of Teak (Tectona grandis) was found in T2 (Teak + Chickpea) 0.13 cm followed by T1 (Teak + Lentil) 0.12 cm, T3 (Teak + Linseed) 0.11 cm, T4 (Teak + Safflower) 0.10 cm and least in T5 (sole Teak) 0.08 cm. The maximum increment in basal area of Teak (Tectona grandis) was found in T1 (Teak + Lentil) and T2 (Teak + Chickpea) 0.00027 m2 which is more than T4 (Teak + Safflower) 0.00026 m2 followed by T3 (Teak + Linseed) 0.00025 m2 and least in T5 (sole Teak) 0.00025 m2. The maximum increment in volume of Teak (Tectona grandis) was found in T2 (Teak + Chickpea) 0.000507 m3 followed by T1 (Teak + Lentil) 0.000484 m3 > T3 (Teak + Linseed) 0.000466 m3 > T4 (Teak + Safflower) 0.000438 m3 and least in T5 (sole Teak) 0.000393 m3. Grain yield of Lentil was found maximum in T7 Sole Lentil (9.36 qha-1) and minimum in T1 Teak + Lentil (6.25 qha-1). The highest grain yield of Chickpea was found in T6 Sole Chickpea (9.32 qha-1) and minimum in T2 Teak + Chickpea (6.12 qha-1). The grain yield of Linseed was found highest in T9 Sole Linseed (8.68 qha-1) and lowest in T3 Teak + Linseed (6.38 qha-1). The grain yield of Safflower was found maximum in T8 Sole Safflower (5.81 qha-1) and minimum in T4 Teak + Safflower (3.9 qha-1). Maximum bulk density was found in T9 sole Linseed (1.36 gcm-3) followed by T8 sole Safflower (1.35 gcm-3), T7 sole Lentil (1.33 gcm-3), T6 sole Chickpea (1.32 gcm-3), T3 Teak + Linseed (1.24 gcm-3). It was also observed that T1 Teak + Lentil (1.23 gcm-3), T2 Teak + Chickpea (1.23 gcm-3) and T4 Teak + Safflower (1.23 gcm-3) shows equal bulk density and least were found in T5 sole Teak (1.13 gcm-3). pH of the treatment plots was significantly varying from 4.34 to 4.65. Before intercropping pH were 4.29. After intercropping the maximum pH was found in T5 sole Teak (4.65) followed by T1 Teak + Lentil (4.48), T2 Teak + Chickpea (4.45), T6 sole Chickpea(4.43), T7 sole Lentil (4.41), T4 Teak + Safflower (4.39), T3 Teak + Linseed (4.38), T8 sole Safflower (4.37) and least was found in T9 sole Linseed (4.34). Organic carbon content before intercropping was found 0.46% and the organic carbon content under intercropped condition found better as compared to the sole cropping of the treatments plots and after harvesting of the intercrops the organic carbon content varies from 0.39% to 0.69%. The maximum organic carbon found in T1 Teak + Lentil (0.69%) which is at par with T5 sole Teak (0.65%), T4 Teak + Safflower (0.63%), T2 Teak + Chickpea (0.62%) followed by T3 Teak + Linseed (0.60%), T6 sole Chickpea (0.44%), T9 sole Linseed (0.42%), T7 sole Lentil (0.40%) and least was found in T8 sole Safflower (0.39%). Maximum net return gained by T1 Teak + Lentil (` 36038.61 ha-1), followed by T2 Teak + Chickpea (` 33999.34 ha-1), and T3 Teak + Linseed (` 32069.5 ha-1). Benefit cost ratio was maximum in T5 sole Teak (3.698:1) followed by T7 sole Lentil (2.962:1), T1 Teak + Lentil (2.767:1), T3 Teak + Linseed (2.562), T2 Teak + Chickpea (2.411:1), T9 sole Linseed (2.402:1), T6 sole Chickpea (2.398:1), T4 Teak + Safflower (2.292:1) and minimum was found in T8 Sole Safflower (2.144:1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CROPS IN SILVI-HORTI-AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM UNDER RAINFED PLATEAU CONDITION OF JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Beauty, Kumari; Oraon, B.C.
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of growth performance of crops in Silvi-Horti-Agricultural system under rainfed plateau condition of Jharkhand” was carried out at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India during 2018-2019.The present investigation was undertaken in 4 years old, already established silvi-horticultural system of agro-forestry. The present study was designed considering the following objectives: 1. To evaluate the growth performance of the crops in the silvi-horti-agricultural system. 2. To find out the effect of crop diversification on soil properties in silvi-horti-agricultural system. 3. To evaluate the economics of the silvi-horti-agricultural system. The study was laid out in split plot design with four treatments and four replications under 1.6 hectare of plot size. Results revealed that the growth and development of filler crops showed significant effect on the silvi-horti-agricultural system. The growth performance of the main crop, filler crop and inter crops varied from one system to another under silvi-horti-agricultural system. The growth parameters viz. height, girth at breast height and crown spread of forest trees were significantly higher under agri-silvi-horticuture system than sole forest plantations. The maximum available PAR percentage was observed in fallow/sole crop system in comparison to different silvi-horti-agricultural systems. Among the different silvi-horti-agricultural system the minimum incidental solar radiation was observed under mango + mahogany + peach system. Also there was sufficient availability of light between the main tree crop line and filler crop line for the intercrops to be grown. Height of intercrops was significantly higher in the fallow system whereas the plant density per m2 and number of tillers per m2 after 30, 60 and 90 DAS was observed significantly higher under silvi-horti-agricultural systems. Among the different silvi-horti-agricultural system, mango + mahogany + peach system performed best in terms of the growth performance of intercrops. Biological, biomass and rice equivalent yield of intercrops was significantly higher under silvi-horti-agricultural systems in comparison to the fallow/sole crop system. Among the different silvi-horti-agricultural system, mango + mahogany + peach system exhibited the highest yield. The highest value of Rice equivalent yield was recorded in Ragi (1740.83 Kg/ha).The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carbohydrate content of the leaf of the agricultural crops viz. rice and ragi was observed higher under fallow system. Among the different silvi-horti-agricultural system, mango + mahogany + peach system exhibited the higher carbohydrate and chlorophyll content. The soil moisture retention value was observed significantly higher under silvi-horti-agricultural systems in comparison to the fallow system. Among the different silvi-horti-agricultural system, mango + mahogany + peach system has the highest moisture retention capacity. The maximum number of fungal colonies and bacterial cells were observed under silvihorti- agricultural systems in comparison to the fallow/sole crop system. The maximum value of dehydrogenase activity was observed under silvi-horti-agricultural systems in comparison to the fallow/sole crop system. Among the different silvi-horti-agricultural system, mango + mahogany + peach system has the highest value. The maximum value was recorded in mango + mahogany + peach system (11.25 micro gram TPF 24 hr-1 gm- 1). Electrical conductivity of soil was decreased with increasing soil depth under sole crops as well as silvi-horti-agricultural system. At surface layer, EC of soil under silvihorti- agricultural system was observed significantly less than sole crops. Maximum reduction in EC was recorded in peach based combinations. The soil pH increased with increasing depth in sole crops but in silvi-horti-agricultural system, these values also increased but marginally. Silvi-horti-agricultural system showed significantly higher reduction in pH than sole crops at surface layer (0-30 cm).Organic carbon content in the soil under silvi-horti-agricultural system was significantly higher than sole crops at surface layer. The organic carbon content decreased with increasing soil depth. The available N, P and K and exchangeable Ca and Mg were recorded highest at surface layer of mango + mahogany + peach system in sole crops. The available N, P and K was decreased with the increase in depth. The benefit to cost ratio was higher in agri-silvihorticulture system than sole crops and was found highest in mango + mahogany + peach system combination among rest of combination in agri-silvi-horticulture system. The maximum value of BC Ratio was recorded under mango + mahogany + peach + rice (4.36:1), followed by Mango + Mahogany +Aonla + Peach + Ragi system (4.17:1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biomass and Carbon Stock in Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) Based Traditional Agroforestry System in Gumla District, Jharkhand.
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumar, Deepak; Oraon, P. R.
    Traditional agroforestry is the crystallization of the wisdom of human beings over hundreds of years, many of which are practiced in difficult natural resource conditions with local people’s ingenious ideas. It has the potential to achieve sustainability in agriculture while optimizing its productivity and mitigating climate change impact. The study, was conducted in the farmer’s field located at Village-Gurjumdih, Gram Panchayat-Kulburu, Block-Kamdara during Kharif season 2017-18 where farmers had been grown trees and will continue to grow trees on their farms for generations, to maintain healthy soil, and secure food supplies and for timber and fuel. Biomass and carbon stock were analyzed in this study among ten different plots where, ber trees were grown naturally and intercropped with an agricultural crop (urd). Results shows that, the distribution of biomass in various parts of the tree was 27.74 t ha–1 in bole, 51.06 t ha–1 in branch, 2.50 t ha–1 in leaf, 10.42 t ha–1 in root with a total of 91.74 t ha–1 and the total average crop biomass was 2.33 t ha–1. Whereas, the storage of carbon among the different components of tree viz. bole, branch, leaf and root was 12.07 t ha–1 (29.96 %), 23.32 t ha–1 (57.89 %), 1.16 t ha–1 (2.87 %) and 3.72 t ha–1 (9.23 %) respectively and, in the residue part of the crop it varies from 1.32 t ha –1 to 2.44 t ha –1 and, 0.07 to 0.23 t h–1 in grain yield part of the agricultural crop. Carbon stock in soil at 0-15 cm ranged between 4.21 t ha–1 to 5.64 t ha–1 and is 4.76 t ha–1 to 7.30 t ha–1 at 15-30 of the soil depth.Soil pH doesn't vary too much among the fields. It was 4.23 to 5.04 at 0-15 cm and follows the same trend at 15-30 cm which was extremely acidic in nature. Soil organic carbon percent ranged from 0.21 to 0.28 at 0-15 cm and 0.11 to 0.16 at the depth of 15- 30 cm. Nitrogen content among the fields ranged between 102.60 kg ha–1 to 127. 94 kg ha–1 at 0-15 cm depth and 88.05 kg ha–1 to 108.00 kg ha–1 at the depth of 15-30 cm. Available phosphorus was minimum (15.07 kg ha–1) in plot 1 and maximum (18.09 kg ha–1) in the plot 2 at of 0-15 cm depth however, it was minimum (11.83 kg ha–1) in plot 4 and maximum (14.13 kg ha–1) in the plot 2 at15-30 cm. Potassium content at 0-15 cm differs from 179.76 kg ha–1 to 273.72 kg ha–1 and 152.32 kg ha–1 to 231.86 kg ha–1 at the depth of 15-30 cm. Bulk density of the soil at 0-15 cm varied between 1.31 g cc –1 to 1.39 g cc–1 and 1.39 g cc–1 to 1.46 g cc–1 at the depth of 15-30 cm. So, the total average biomass accumulation was 94.10 t ha–1 and total amount of carbon stock 53.61 t ha–1 in ber based traditional agroforestry system.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of Melia azedarach and Fodder crops in Agroforestry System
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Ahmad, Firoz; Malik, M.S.
    The present study entitled –“Performance of Melia azedarach and Fodder crops in Agroforestry System” at Farm Campus Ranchi Veterinary College, B.A.U., Ranchi District, Jharkhand. The study was conducted between May to November during 2018. The tree species Bakain (Melia azedarach) were planted 3 years before in the year 2015 and fodder crops such as Pencil flower (Stylosanthes hamata), Charabadam (Arachis glabrata), Para grass (Brachiaria mutica), Hybrid Napier (Pennisetum purpreum) were taken for the research purpose and they were grown under Agroforestry system. The present study was designed considering the following objectives (1) To study the growth performance of tree with intercropping of fodder crops. (2) To study the growth, yield and quality of fodder produced under agroforestry system. (3) To study the effect of system on soil physico-chemical properties. The growth parameters of tree species (Bakain) i.e. branches per plant, tree height, collar diameter, crown width were measured two times i.e. at the initial time of experiment and the final time of harvesting of fodder crops. The growth parameters of fodder crops like plant height (cm), tillers, plant population, leaf area index and yield were taken on harvesting. The quality of fodder crops like crude protein percent, crude fiber were measured in the laboratory. The study was laid outline randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and nine treatments. They were: T 1 Bakain + Stylo, T 2 Bakain + Charabadam, T 3 Bakain + Para grass, T4Bakain+ Hybrid Napier,T5Sole Bakain, T6Sole Stylo, T7Sole Charabadam, T8Sole Para grass, T 9 Sole Hybrid Napier under 32 m2 of plot size.
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    STUDIES ON PRODUCTIVITY OF Tectona grandis AND Gmelina arborea BASED SILVIPASTORAL SYSTEM AT KANKE, RANCHI
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Toppo, Preeti; Oraon, P. R.
    The study entitled “Studies on productivity of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea based Silvipastoral system at Kanke, Ranchi” was conducted in Agroforestry research field situated of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi during the session 2017-2018. The tree were established in the year 2009 and the species taken were Tectona grandis (Teak) and Gmelina arborea (Gamhar) and the forage crop such as Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) and Hybrid Napier grass (Pennisetum glaucum × Pennisetum purpureum) which were grown under Silvipastoral system with the following objectives: (i) To find out the Productivity of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea.(ii) To estimate the yield and biomass of Hybrid Napier and Sudan grass. The design adopted was Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments and three replications. They were: T1: Teak + Hybrid Napier, T2: Teak + Sudan, T3: Gamhar + Hybrid Napier, T4: Gamhar + Sudan, T5: Teak + Gamhar + Hybrid Napier, T6: Teak + Gamhar + Sudan, T7: Teak, T8: Gamhar, T9: Teak + Gamhar, T10: Sole Hybrid Napier, T11: Sole Sudan, T12: Control. From the present study it was observed that the growth performance of different tree species varied significantly from treatment to treatment under Silvipastoral system. In year 2017 maximum average tree height and diameter at breast height was recorded in T3 (5.73 m) and T1 (8.55 cm), followed by T4 (5.55 m) and T2 (8.00 cm) whereas the minimum was observed in T9 (4.16 m) and T9 (5.18 cm) respectively. The same trend was followed in the year 2018 for average tree height T3 (6.29 m) > T4 (6.11 m) > T9 (4.51 m) and for diameter at breast height was T1 (8.90 cm) > T2 (8.40 cm) > T9 (5.59 cm). Average total biomass of tree species in first year ranged from 7.81 kg tree -1 to 21.32 kg tree -1, whereas in the consecutive year it was ranged between 10.19 kg tree -1 to 25.57 kg tree -1 and the total biomass was found maximum in the combination of Tectona grandis with Hybrid Napier grass. Green fodder yield was significantly higher in open conditions than under tree shade at both the cuts. The maximum green fodder yield was in Sole Hybrid Napier (T10; 183.09 q ha-1) and the minimum was in Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis with Sudan grass (T6; 90.00 q ha-1). Average total biomass of forage grass ranged from 31.31 q ha-1 to 77.36 q ha-1. The maximum total biomass was found in Sole Hybrid Napier (T10) and lowest in Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea with Sudan grass (T6). Total biomass and total productivity potential of Silvipastoral systems was found highest with the combination of Tectona grandis with Hybrid Napier i.e. 29.14 t ha-1 and 21.0 t ha-1yr-1 respectively and the minimum total biomass was found in Sole Sudan grass (T11; 2.42 t ha-1) and total productivity was in Tectona grandis (T7; 2.09 t ha-1yr-1). Annual contribution of this category towards total litter production was 505.16 g m-2 yr-1. leaf litter in the species accounted for 95.40 per cent and wood (branches and twigs) contributed 4.49 per cent to the total litter. The highest litter-fall 156.30 g m-2 was recorded in the month of February followed by 151.72 g m-2 in January 151.72 g m-2 while the least litter fall 4.83 g m-2 was observed in the month of August.