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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Silviculture and Agroforestry × End date: 2018 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Tree Special in Flayash Amended Soil
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Anil Kumar Mishra; V. Sivaji
    Coal combustion for electricity generation inevitably produces large amount of coal residue known as Flyash. Enormous accumulation of flyash is posing a problem of waste disposal. Thus it becomes obligatory to the forestry community to manage this waste produce beneficially and make the ecosystem environment friendly. Since flyash contains many nutrient elements essential for plant growth, its use as a fertilizer supplement in Agriculture and Forestry has been suggested. The present investigations were carried out to study the effect of flyash on germination and growth of some tree species and also to study their comparative growth performance in the flyash amended soils. Three commonly growing tree species in Chotanagpur zone viz., Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo) S,, Leucaena leucocephala (Subabul) S, and Melia azedarach (Bakain) S, were chosen. Five treatments of flyash amended. soils viz., 100 per cent soil (m,), 75 per cent soil + 25 per cent flyash (m). 50 per cent soil + 50 per cent flyash (m), 25 per cent soil + 75 per cent flyash (m) and 100 per cent flyash (mg) were taken to study their effect on the germination and growth of above seedlings. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications in the campus of Faculty of Forestry. The investigations were carried out to study the time taken for completion of germination, germination percentage, shoot length, collar diameter, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of root, stem and leaves, leaf number, leaf area and nodule number of the seedlings. Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate the trace metals viz., Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in different plant parts of seedlings. Moisture content and water holding capacity of soils were estimated before and after the experiments. Results of the present investigations showed that the flyash increased the time taken for completion of germination with increased proportion of flyash in all three species. The germination percentage increased upto 25 per cent flyash but subsequently decreased in 50 per cent to 100 per cent flyash amendment. The growth of seedlings varied in different parameters in different species depending upon the flyash proportion. Increase in growth was observed in all parameters in 25 per cent flyash amended soils but in several parameters, it was reduced in soils with high proportion of flyash, though in many cases the growth was superior than control. Shoot length increased upto 50 per cent flyash addition in Dalbergia sissoo and Melia azedarach, but in Leucaena leucocephala it increased up to 100 per cent flyash.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the Role of Different Rooting Media on Sprouting, Rooting And Survival of Stem Cuttings of Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb.
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Bishwanath Kumar Singh; V. Sivaji
    Sissoo is a multipurpose deciduous tree species. It grows in tropical to subtropical climate. In recent past, the importance of this species has been increased because of its recommendation for afforestation of most of the wastelands and for agroforestry due to its suitability for the above purposes. Vegetative propagation through cuttings is a method of propagation in which selected trees can be multiplied rapidly while maintaining uniformity in plantation stand and biomass production. It also obviate the Inherent biological problems connected with seeds. The objectives of the present experiment are (i) To study the role of different rooting media on the sprouting and rooting behavior of stem. Cuttings of sissoo, (ii) To study the role of different rooting media on the survival and growth of plants. The rooting media taken in this experiment were soil, sand and vermicomposting. There were twelve treatments viz. Soil (100%), Sand (100%). Vermicomposting ( (100%), Soil (50 %) + Sand (50 %). Soil (50%) + Vermicomposting (50% ) , Sand (50%) + Vermicomposting (50%). Soil (75%) + Sand (25%). Soil (75%) + Vermicomposting (25%). Sand (75%) + Vermicomposting (25%), Soil (25%) + Sand (75%) , Soil (25% ) + Vermicomposting (75%) , Sand (25%) + Vermicomposting (75%) . Accordingly, Mixtures were prepared by volume and filled in polythene bags of the size 8"x4" for planting the cuttings. Replications were three and the design. of the experiment was Randomized Block Design (R.B.D.). The observations were taken on different parameters i.e. number of days taken for initiation of shoot emergence and completion of shoot emergence, number of shoots developed per cutting, shoot length at monthly intervals, basal diameter of shoots after three and four months, number of days taken for rooting, percentage of cuttings rooted, number
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of PGRs on the Rooting, Sprouting And Survival of Stem Cuttings of Derris Indica Bennet And Gmelina Arboria Roxb
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Jyotish Kumar Kerketta; O.N. Pandey
    Derris indica (Karanj) and Gmelina arborea (Gamhar) are the species belonging to the family Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) and Verbenaceae, respectively. As we know both the species are very useful in forestry especially G. arborea is a valuable timber extremely suitable for furniture. Similarly D. indica is significantly important for karanj oil, and its cake is used as manure for different crops. It is also the nitrogen-fixing tree species. Both the species are found suitable for reforestation, afforestation, agroforestry and social-forestry programmes. For maintaining the quality and quantity of both the species by asexual method, the present investigation entitled "Effect of PGRS on the rooting, sprouting and survival of stem cuttings of Derris indica Bennet and Gmelina arborea Roxb. " was conducted. Four levels of PGRS (Plant Growth Regulators) i.e. 3000 ppm IBA, 5000 ppm IBA, 7000 ppm IBA solution and Rootex in powder form; and control were taken as treatments. Fifteen to eighteen centimeter long cuttings of 0.5 to 1.0 cm diameter (at basal portion) were taken from 10-20 years age class healthy trees during last week of August, 1998. This experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications at nursery site of Faculty of Forestry, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi. As far rooting behavior is concerned D. indica always showed better result in comparison to G. arborea in all respects viz., number of days taken for rooting, number and length of primary and secondary roots, percentage of rooting. 54 per cent rooting was observed in D. indica whereas G. arborea showed 37 per cent rooting. In case of levels of hormones used, IBA 5000 ppm always performed better result than others. 67 per cent rooting response was seen in 5000 ppm IBA followed by 60 per cent in 3000 ppm IBA. 7000 ppm IBA got fourth position having 35 per cent of rooting. All the treatments were superior to control. Interactions between the species and levels of PGRS showed significant effect on percentage of rooting. D. Indica with 5000 ppm IBA combination showed the maximum (82%) and G. arborea with control showed the minimum (13%) rooting. Regarding growth and uniformity of plants, D. indica between species and 5000 ppm among the levels of hormones showed the best result in all respects viz. days taken for completion of shoot emergence, shoot length, number of leaves per shoot, leaf area and basal diameter but in case of number of days taken for initiation of shoot emergence and number of shoots per cutting 7000 ppm performed better. Higher percentage of survival of plants (50%) was achieved by D. indica and G. arborea gave 34 per cent of survival. 5000 ppm again proved its superiority, giving maximum percentage of survival (62%) followed by 3000 ppm IBA (59%). 7000 ppm IBA got fourth position in this respect. All the treatments were superior to control. Hence for rooting of cuttings of D. indica and G. arborea, 5000 ppm IBA may be recommended to the growers/farmers in future for their multiplication.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the Growt6h Performance of Tree Special Growing on the Slag of Tisco, Jamshedpur
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Anil Kumar Vidyarthy; Dr. O.N. Pandey
    Tata Iron and Steel Company located at Jamshedpur is a giant company engaged in making steel. About 13 lakh tonnes slag per annum is generated in different departments of steel plant. The slag is dumped in the periphery of the plant. These slag dumps are major Irritant to the people living nearby. These dumps contained no soil sufficient to sustain vegetation. In 1985-86, Tata Steel Rural Development Society under took a large scale plantation drive on the dumpyards. Pits of size (60 cm)³ were dug on the dumps and they were filled with natural soil brought from outside. Consequently, the barren areas turned into a lush green vegetation. The present study was carried out on this vegetation with the objectives to study the growth of different forest trees existing in pure stand. On slag, mixed stands on the slag and pure stands of the same species outside the slag on natural soll and to compare the growth performance of trees growing in all the three situations. The species that are grown in the plantation are (1) Acacia auriculiformis (11) Dalbergia sissoo (iii) Leucaena leucocephala (Iv) Peltophorum pterocarpum. Pure stands of all the four species and a mixed stand consisting of all the four species in almost equal proportion were raised on the slag. The four species were also raised in pure stands on the natural soils outside the slag. Samples plot were laid as per statistical design in each site. Measurements were made on the trees in sample plots using appropriate scientific methods. Based on the measurements taken, mean girth, top girth, mean height, top height, total basal area, total volume and M.A.I. were computed. Results of the present Investigation showed that the performance of trees species in pure stands I.e. on basic slag and outside the basic slag are much better than the performance In mixed stand. Studies on growth performance of different tree species in each situation indicated that Leucaena leucocephala recorded the best performance In comparision to other species. In all the three situations, maximum volume and Mean Annual Increament was recorded by Leucaena leucocephala followed by Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia auriculiformis and Peltophorum pterocarpum. Studies on growth performance of each tree species in different situations indicated that Acacia auriculiformis and Peltophorum pterocarpum recorded the highest mean girth, mean height, total basal area, total volume and M.A.I. In pure stands on basic slag. Dalbergia sissoo and Leucaena leucocephala recorded the highest values in above parameters in pure stand outside the slag but very closely followed by their growth on the basic slag. Highest top girth and top height were recorded by Leucaena leucocephala in pure stands on the slag. All the four tree species in all the three situations recorded lower values in all the growth parameters in mixed stand than the values recorded in the pure stand. Statistical analysis revealed that the results obtained due to the species are significant in all the parameters. However, the results obtained due to situation are non-significant with the exception being mean girth. Interaction between species and situation also did not show any significant influence on the results obtained. Soil analysis indicated that the basic slag is deficient of nitrogen. Thus the present study suggests to grow leguminous trees on the basic slag in pure stand for better volume M.A.I.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studie4s on Seed Germination And Seedling Growth of Teak ( Tactona Grandis Linn F.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Pankaj Kumar Singh; V. Sivaji
    Preparation of good nursery gook for teak is prerequisite for raising plantations as health and vigour of the seedlings is an index for stump preparation and its future performance on out planting in the field. Present investigations were aimed to determine the optimum size of the fruits, best provenance and most suitable pretreatment needed for production of nursery stock of Tectona grandis Linn.f. Three fruits sizes viz. Large fruit 14mm to 18mm diameter (L.F.), Medium fruit = 11mm to 13mm dia. (H.F.), Small fruit = 8mm to 10mn (S.F.). Three provenances viz. P₁ = Ranchi, P2 = Jabalpur, Pa = Dehradun and four treatments including control, viz. C = Control, 28-D=20 days alternate soaking/drying (12 hours each), 35-D-35 days alternate soaking/drying (12 hours each), 50-D-50 days alternate soaking/drying (12 hours each) were taken for the study. The studies were conducted to study the effect of factors individually and interaction of fruit size and provenance, fruit size and pretreatment. The nursery experiments were conducted in Completely Randomised Design (C.R.D.) with three replications during year 1996 at the nursery of Faculty of Forestry, B.A.U. Kanke, Ranchi. Laboratory investigations were also conducted to study emptiness and seededness in fruits of teak. Results of present investigations indicated that the bigger sized fruits having more than 11mm diameter consists better percentage of seeded fruits and was found to be most suited for the germination and growth of seedlings. The dry weight of shoot, root and leaves was found to be more in case of large sized fruits, whereas, it was found that, it takes more time for commencement of germination in comparison to small sized fruits. Results of experiment indicated that the provenance had shown nonsignificant influence on the parameters studied with an exception of shoot length. However, the fruits from Jabalpur provenance had given higher values on parameters studied. Present study had shown that the pretreatment has significant influence on all the parameters of germination and growth of seedlings. Increase in the number of days of pretreatments will reduce the number of days taken for the commencement of germination. It was found that the higher values of growth parameters were obtained from the fruits given 20 days treatment than that of the 50 days treatment. Interaction of the factors between fruit size and provenance and fruit size and pretreatment did not have any significant influence on any of the parameters studied. Thus, in the present study fruit size and pretreatment had shown the significant on the germination and growth of the teak seedlings. Provenance, interaction of factors between fruit size and provenance, fruit size and pretreatment had shown nonsignificant results in most of the parameters studied.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Stem Cutting of Dalbergia Latifolia Roxb. And Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Lalan Kumar Sharma; Dr. O. N. Pandey
    It is well known fact that the quality and quantity of wood in India is depleting at an alarming rate. National Forest Policy(1988) enunciates that 1/ 3rd of the total land area of the country should be under forests. At present the total recorded area of the forest in India is only 19.4% (Anon, 1991) To overcome the situation we have to maintain the natural forest cover as well as to make large scale plantations of multipurpose tree species (MPTS). Dalbergia latifolia (Rosewood) and Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham) are the two species belonging to family Papilionaceae which rank among the finest woods Being good fodder and nitrogen fixing tree species these are opted in afforestation/ reforestation/social-forestry/agroforestry programmes very frequently. Nursery technique of D. sissoo has been standardized by various scientists Some attempts have also been made with stem cuttings. But most of the works have been done in mist condition. The technique for the rooting of cuttings in open conditions is yet to be standardized. No work has been reported on the propagation of D. latifolia except Negi (1982). It is a poor seed producing species. To maintain the quality of timber and to commercialize its propagation, the present investigation entitled "Effect of plant growth. regulators on stem cuttings of Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb." was conducted. Four levels of P.G.RS (Plant Growth Regulators) ie.. 2000 ppm IBA. 5000 ppm IBA. 8000 ppm IBA solution and surootex-05 grade in powder form. were taken as treatments. Stem cuttings of 18-20 cm length and 0.5 to 10 cm diameter were collected from one-year old shoots of 10-15 years age class trees Observations were recorded upto four months. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications during 1995 at Rarha Research Station of Faculty of Forestry, B.A U. Kanke, Ranchi Regarding root behavior, D. sisson performed better in comparison to 1). latifolia in all respects viz. number of days taken for rooting, number and length of primary & secondary roots, percentage of rooting. 62% rooting was achieved by D. Sisson whereas 1. latifolia secured 50% rooting Among levels of hormones used. IBA 5000 ppm always showed better result than other treatments 83% rooting response was seen in 5000 ppm IBA followed by 65% in 2000 ppm IBA. Surootex got fourth position having 40% of rooting. All the treatments were superior to control. Interactions between the species and levels of P.G.Rs showed significant effect on percentage of rooting. D.sixson with 5000 ppm IBA combination secured the maximum (39%) and D). latifolia with control secured the minimum (25%) Higher percentage of survival of plants (56%) was given by D. sissoo and D. latifolia gave 46% of survival 5000 ppm again showed its superiority giving maximum percentage of survival (78%) followed by 2000 ppm IBA (59%). Surootex got fourth position in this respect but all the treatments showed superior result to control. Regarding growth and uniformity of plants. D. sisson between species and 5000 ppm among the levels of hormones showed the best result in all respects viz. number of leaves pershoot, shoot length, plant height and basal diameter except in days taken for shoot emergence where D. latifolia performed better Maximum plant height of 38.0 cm was recorded after the four months of planting of cuttings in case of D. sissoo. D. latifolia achieved 33.0 cm of plant height during this period. 5000 ppm again attained the maximum height (37.2 cm) followed by 2000 ppm IBA (36.8 cm). Surootex got fourth position in this respect. At all stages of time the growth and uniformity of the plants was maintained. Hence for rooting of cuttings, 5000 ppm IBA may be recommended to growers for future use for the multiplication of plants of D. latifolia and D. sissoo.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Standardization of Nursery Technique of Pjerocadus Marsudrum Roxb And Gmelina Areoria Roxb.
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Ras Bihari Sagh; Dr.O.N. Pandey
    Standardization of nursery technique of a tree species is an important pre-requisite as health and vigour of nursery stock is an index of its future performance on out planting in the field. Present investigations were aimed to determine the optimum size of polythene bag and the most suitable potting mixture needed for production of nursery stock of Pterocarpus marsupium and Gmelina arborea. Four bag sizes viz., S 10cm x 20cm with 100 gauge, S2 13.5cm x 24.5cm with 150 gauge, S3 17cm x 27.5cm with 150 gauge, S4= 20cm x 30cm with 200 gauge; and four potting mixtures viz.. soil, sand and FYM in 2:1:1 ratio (M), in 2:1:0 ratio (M2). in 1:1:1 ratio (M3). in 1:1:0 ratio (M): were taken for the study. The nursery experiments were conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications during 1993 at Rarha Research Station of Faculty of Forestry, BAU. Kanke, Ranchi. Laboratory investigations were also conducted to study the nutrient relations in different plant parts of both the species.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON HOMESTEAD AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN RELATION TO SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN RANCHI DISTRICT
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Khalkho, Neelesh; Sivaji, V.
    The present study entitled “Studies on Homestead Agroforestry system in relation to social stratification in Ranchi District” was conducted during the year 2017. The objectives are to study the different components of homestead agroforestry system across the different social strata and the impact of such vegetation on the subsistence, income generation and other purposes of the people. The study was conducted between Urban and Rural groups and among the three categories of each group i.e HIG (High income group), MIG(Middle income group), LIG(Lower income group). From each category 20 household sample units were selected and overall 120 households sample units were studied. Multistage random sampling technique was adopted during the course of study. The parameters studied include the land area available at each sampling unit for homestead agroforestry, Vegetation and animal component available in the system in both urban and rural groups, yield and income generated from vegetation and animal components and ultimately average income/family/month was calculated. The results indicated that the area allotted for homestead agroforestry varied from 5 sq. m to 473 sq.m. The average area allotted for home stead agroforestry was more in all the categories of rural group than that of their counterpart in the urban group. However in each group the area allotted was more in HIG followed by MIG and LIG. Vegetation component of homestead system in both urban and rural groups was listed. In HIG, MIG and LIG categories of the urban group the total No. of plants which include vegetables , Flowers and trees were 57 (14+27+16), 67 (16+25+26) and 50(21+13+16) respectively. Similarly in the Rural group the total no. of plants present in HIG, MIG and LIG were 65(27+23+15) 57(28+13+16) and 51(27+11+13) respectively. Thus the results showed that the total number of plants present across the different categories of urban and Rural groups were 174 and 173 respectively. The vegetation component was further classified and listed in both groups on the basis of Strata, Temporal arrangement, Habit, Utilization. Preferential spp, Common species and differential species were also sorted out in between the groups and among the categories of each group. Animal component of homestead system was also studied and the presence of each animal component in different categories of both the groups were also presented. The yield of product from each plant sp and animal component from each household was estimated and accordingly the average income from both plants and animals/family was calculated. The average income from homestead agroforestry system was gradually increasing from HIG to MIG and LIG in both urban and Rural groups. More importantly the home stead income in the rural categories is higher than their counterpart in urban categories. The results showed that the total homestead income/month /family in the HIG, MIG and LIG of urban group was Rs 92/-, 264/- and 3156 /- respectively where as in three categories of rural group the income estimated was Rs 1368/-, 3890/- and Rs 4578/-respectively. Thus the results indicate that the income derived from homestead system was more in the Rural group than in the urban group. They further showed that the income derived from homestead is high in the LIG category followed by MIG and HIG in both the groups. The study clearly suggests that dependency on homestead system is more in rural group than in the urban group. It further suggest that the dependency in both groups increases with decrease in the family income. The study suggest that homestead agroforestry system being the Low income group family oriented system, it demand more research study on its design, species composition and spp in different strata etc with the aim to help and improve the economy of the LIG people particularly in rural area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON MANGO BASED AGRO-FORESTRY SYSTEM ON FARMER’S FIELD AT SENHA BLOCK, LOHARDAGA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumar, Abhay; Kerketta, J.K.
    The present study entitled – “Studies on Mango based agroforestry system on farmer’s field at Senha Block, Lohardaga District, Jharkhand was carried out at Senha Block of Lohardaga District of Jharkhand, during 2016 – 17 in three years old planted mango orchard. The present study was designed considering the following objectives. 1. Study growth characteristics of mango trees and yields of intercrops. 2. Study soil nutrient status in existing condition. 3. Evaluate the economics of mango based agroforestry system. The study was laidout in randomized block design (RBD) with five replications and six treatments under 100 m2 of plot size. Results revealed that the growth and development of mango plants showed significant effects with intercrops. The growth performance of the mango was varies from treatment to treatment under agroforestry system. The maximum (128.30cm) crown height was found in T2 Mango + Potato treatment followed by T3 Mango + Garlic (124.60cm), T1 Mango + Pea (118.50cm), T4 Mango + Tomato (115.20cm), T5 Mango + Watermelon (112.40cm) and least (108.90cm) was found in sole plantation i.e. in T6 Sole Mango. The crown length was also more (132.60cm) in case of T2 followed by T3 (130.40cm), T1 (124.20cm), T4 (122.80cm), T5 (116.30cm) and least (112.70cm) in T6 whereas the crown spread also maximum (128.40cm) in T2 followed by T3 (125.30cm), T1 (120.80cm), T4 (118.70cm), T5 (112.50cm) and minimum (110.60cm) in T6. The maximum (8.6) number of branches per plant was found in T2 Mango + Potato treatment followed by T3 Mango + Garlic (7.8), T1 Mango + Pea (7.2), T4 Mango + Tomato (6.8), T5 Mango + Watermelon (6.6) and least (6.0) in T6 Sole Mango whereas the fruit yield also maximum (3.5q./ha) in T2 , followed by T3 (3.4q./ha), T1 (3.3q./ha), T4 (3.2q./ha), T5 (3.1q./ha) and minimum (3.0q./ha) in T6. The maximum (350q./ha) yield of intercrops was found in T5 Mango + Watermelon treatment followed by T2 Mango + Potato (220q./ha), T4 Mango + Tomato (210q./ha), T1 Mango + Pea (160q./ha) and least (32q./ha) in T3 Mango + Garlic. It is clear that, the growth characteristics of the mango trees were similar trend with respect to crown height, crown length, crown spread, fruit yield and number of branches per plant except the yield of intercrops. Nutrient status of soil before intercrops was non-significant but nutrient status of soil after intercrops was significant effects with intercrops. Available nitrogen content was highest in T1 (Mango + Pea) treatment and lowest in T6 Mango (Sole), available Phosphorus content is highest in T2 (Mango + Potato) treatment and lowest in T4 (Mango + Tomato) treatments, available potassium is highest in T2 (Mango + Potato) treatments and lowest in T6 mango (Sole) treatments and pH was highest in T3 (Mango + Garlic) treatments and lowest in T6 mango (Sole) after intercrops were found. Organic carbon percent was same in T2 (Mango + Potato) and T3 (Mango + Garlic) treatment but lowest in T6 Mango (Sole) after intercrops were found. The maximum (Rs.146, 183.96 per ha) net return was found in T5 Mango + Watermelon treatment followed by T1 Mango + Pea (Rs.120, 009.12 per ha), T4 Mango + Tomato (Rs.70, 808.40 per ha), T3 Mango + Garlic (Rs.61, 450.52 per ha), T2 Mango + Potato (Rs.61, 262.84 per ha) and minimum (Rs.-9,583.92 per ha) in T6 Sole Mango. The maximum (2.62) benefit cost ratio was found in T5 Mango + Watermelon treatment followed by T1 Mango + Pea (2.43), T4 Mango + Tomato (1.65), T2 Mango + Potato (1.48), T3 Mango + Garlic (1.47) and minimum (0.43) in T6 Sole Mango. The finding of the study concludes that there is need to promote agroforestry system in the region. It will help the farmers in enhancing their socio-economic condition. Therefore, in the initial years of mango plantation the farmers’ can be benefited from this agroforestry system through better protection of mango trees from weeds and stray cattle, soil health improvement, additional income, more employment and better food security. The present agroforestry system studied in the farmer’s field may not replicate the same trend in terms of net return and BCR due to market and other influencing factors. However, the agroforestry system for the farmers’ has been recommended as per the findings.