Thumbnail Image

Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

Browse

20183
Reset filters
Subject: Silviculture and Agroforestry × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON HOMESTEAD AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN RELATION TO SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN RANCHI DISTRICT
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Khalkho, Neelesh; Sivaji, V.
    The present study entitled “Studies on Homestead Agroforestry system in relation to social stratification in Ranchi District” was conducted during the year 2017. The objectives are to study the different components of homestead agroforestry system across the different social strata and the impact of such vegetation on the subsistence, income generation and other purposes of the people. The study was conducted between Urban and Rural groups and among the three categories of each group i.e HIG (High income group), MIG(Middle income group), LIG(Lower income group). From each category 20 household sample units were selected and overall 120 households sample units were studied. Multistage random sampling technique was adopted during the course of study. The parameters studied include the land area available at each sampling unit for homestead agroforestry, Vegetation and animal component available in the system in both urban and rural groups, yield and income generated from vegetation and animal components and ultimately average income/family/month was calculated. The results indicated that the area allotted for homestead agroforestry varied from 5 sq. m to 473 sq.m. The average area allotted for home stead agroforestry was more in all the categories of rural group than that of their counterpart in the urban group. However in each group the area allotted was more in HIG followed by MIG and LIG. Vegetation component of homestead system in both urban and rural groups was listed. In HIG, MIG and LIG categories of the urban group the total No. of plants which include vegetables , Flowers and trees were 57 (14+27+16), 67 (16+25+26) and 50(21+13+16) respectively. Similarly in the Rural group the total no. of plants present in HIG, MIG and LIG were 65(27+23+15) 57(28+13+16) and 51(27+11+13) respectively. Thus the results showed that the total number of plants present across the different categories of urban and Rural groups were 174 and 173 respectively. The vegetation component was further classified and listed in both groups on the basis of Strata, Temporal arrangement, Habit, Utilization. Preferential spp, Common species and differential species were also sorted out in between the groups and among the categories of each group. Animal component of homestead system was also studied and the presence of each animal component in different categories of both the groups were also presented. The yield of product from each plant sp and animal component from each household was estimated and accordingly the average income from both plants and animals/family was calculated. The average income from homestead agroforestry system was gradually increasing from HIG to MIG and LIG in both urban and Rural groups. More importantly the home stead income in the rural categories is higher than their counterpart in urban categories. The results showed that the total homestead income/month /family in the HIG, MIG and LIG of urban group was Rs 92/-, 264/- and 3156 /- respectively where as in three categories of rural group the income estimated was Rs 1368/-, 3890/- and Rs 4578/-respectively. Thus the results indicate that the income derived from homestead system was more in the Rural group than in the urban group. They further showed that the income derived from homestead is high in the LIG category followed by MIG and HIG in both the groups. The study clearly suggests that dependency on homestead system is more in rural group than in the urban group. It further suggest that the dependency in both groups increases with decrease in the family income. The study suggest that homestead agroforestry system being the Low income group family oriented system, it demand more research study on its design, species composition and spp in different strata etc with the aim to help and improve the economy of the LIG people particularly in rural area.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON MANGO BASED AGRO-FORESTRY SYSTEM ON FARMER’S FIELD AT SENHA BLOCK, LOHARDAGA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumar, Abhay; Kerketta, J.K.
    The present study entitled – “Studies on Mango based agroforestry system on farmer’s field at Senha Block, Lohardaga District, Jharkhand was carried out at Senha Block of Lohardaga District of Jharkhand, during 2016 – 17 in three years old planted mango orchard. The present study was designed considering the following objectives. 1. Study growth characteristics of mango trees and yields of intercrops. 2. Study soil nutrient status in existing condition. 3. Evaluate the economics of mango based agroforestry system. The study was laidout in randomized block design (RBD) with five replications and six treatments under 100 m2 of plot size. Results revealed that the growth and development of mango plants showed significant effects with intercrops. The growth performance of the mango was varies from treatment to treatment under agroforestry system. The maximum (128.30cm) crown height was found in T2 Mango + Potato treatment followed by T3 Mango + Garlic (124.60cm), T1 Mango + Pea (118.50cm), T4 Mango + Tomato (115.20cm), T5 Mango + Watermelon (112.40cm) and least (108.90cm) was found in sole plantation i.e. in T6 Sole Mango. The crown length was also more (132.60cm) in case of T2 followed by T3 (130.40cm), T1 (124.20cm), T4 (122.80cm), T5 (116.30cm) and least (112.70cm) in T6 whereas the crown spread also maximum (128.40cm) in T2 followed by T3 (125.30cm), T1 (120.80cm), T4 (118.70cm), T5 (112.50cm) and minimum (110.60cm) in T6. The maximum (8.6) number of branches per plant was found in T2 Mango + Potato treatment followed by T3 Mango + Garlic (7.8), T1 Mango + Pea (7.2), T4 Mango + Tomato (6.8), T5 Mango + Watermelon (6.6) and least (6.0) in T6 Sole Mango whereas the fruit yield also maximum (3.5q./ha) in T2 , followed by T3 (3.4q./ha), T1 (3.3q./ha), T4 (3.2q./ha), T5 (3.1q./ha) and minimum (3.0q./ha) in T6. The maximum (350q./ha) yield of intercrops was found in T5 Mango + Watermelon treatment followed by T2 Mango + Potato (220q./ha), T4 Mango + Tomato (210q./ha), T1 Mango + Pea (160q./ha) and least (32q./ha) in T3 Mango + Garlic. It is clear that, the growth characteristics of the mango trees were similar trend with respect to crown height, crown length, crown spread, fruit yield and number of branches per plant except the yield of intercrops. Nutrient status of soil before intercrops was non-significant but nutrient status of soil after intercrops was significant effects with intercrops. Available nitrogen content was highest in T1 (Mango + Pea) treatment and lowest in T6 Mango (Sole), available Phosphorus content is highest in T2 (Mango + Potato) treatment and lowest in T4 (Mango + Tomato) treatments, available potassium is highest in T2 (Mango + Potato) treatments and lowest in T6 mango (Sole) treatments and pH was highest in T3 (Mango + Garlic) treatments and lowest in T6 mango (Sole) after intercrops were found. Organic carbon percent was same in T2 (Mango + Potato) and T3 (Mango + Garlic) treatment but lowest in T6 Mango (Sole) after intercrops were found. The maximum (Rs.146, 183.96 per ha) net return was found in T5 Mango + Watermelon treatment followed by T1 Mango + Pea (Rs.120, 009.12 per ha), T4 Mango + Tomato (Rs.70, 808.40 per ha), T3 Mango + Garlic (Rs.61, 450.52 per ha), T2 Mango + Potato (Rs.61, 262.84 per ha) and minimum (Rs.-9,583.92 per ha) in T6 Sole Mango. The maximum (2.62) benefit cost ratio was found in T5 Mango + Watermelon treatment followed by T1 Mango + Pea (2.43), T4 Mango + Tomato (1.65), T2 Mango + Potato (1.48), T3 Mango + Garlic (1.47) and minimum (0.43) in T6 Sole Mango. The finding of the study concludes that there is need to promote agroforestry system in the region. It will help the farmers in enhancing their socio-economic condition. Therefore, in the initial years of mango plantation the farmers’ can be benefited from this agroforestry system through better protection of mango trees from weeds and stray cattle, soil health improvement, additional income, more employment and better food security. The present agroforestry system studied in the farmer’s field may not replicate the same trend in terms of net return and BCR due to market and other influencing factors. However, the agroforestry system for the farmers’ has been recommended as per the findings.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN ANGARA BLOCK, (RANCHI) JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Singh, Aarti; Chakraborty, A.K.
    The present study entitled “Analysis of existing agroforestry system in Angara Block, (Ranchi) Jharkhand was carried out at Angara block of Ranchi district of Jharkhand, India 2016-17. By adopting multi-stage random a total of four panchayats Getalsud, Nawagarh, Haratuand Bisa, eight villages and 120 households were selected for data collection related to agroforestry practice. The present study was designed considering the following objectives: 1. Survey and documentation of the existing Agroforestry system in the selected block. 2. Study the influence of socio-economic trait on adoption of Agroforestry practice and soil organic carbon content of various plots. 3. Find out the constraints in adoption of Agroforestry practice Ex-post facto research design was adopted for this study. The data were collected by personal interview of the respondents through a structured interview schedule and soil sample was collected from the field and soil organic carbon analysis was done. Considering the objectives of study adoption of agroforestry practice was considered as dependent variables. Independent variables that were supposed to influence the dependent variables were size of household, farm holding, education, annual income etc. and data was gathered by question survey. The statistical method used to analyze the data of investigation include percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation test.  Perception of farmers in agroforestry helped in analyzing that almost one third of population doesn’t understand the basic definition of agroforestry. Very few farmers were aware about various agroforestry models though few excellent agroforestry models of intercropping were found. Majority of farmers, i.e. 51% of them had adopted Homestead agroforestry. Agrihorticulture was adopted by 19% of the selected population. Agrisilviculture was adopted by 20% of selected population. Apart from this silvipastoral was adopted by 8.5% of population. Silvihorticultre model was seen negligible in the selected village. Gamhar was the most dominating species after bamboo. Out of 100% population in 83% household bamboo was found. The details of the association between independent variables and extent of adoption of agroforestry practices by farmers results showed that out of thirteen independent variables only five factors are significantly associated with adoption of agroforestry and they are education, social participation, Mass media participation, cosmopolitans and external participation. The soil organic carbon ranged from 0.49 - 0.75.It was gathered by questionnaire that large sample size farmers were practicing organic farming and there was significant use or organic manure over chemical fertilizers in the field. Agricultural crop field had carbon range from 0.49 -0.70 whereas in fields where agroforestry was practiced in scientific organized manner had organic content to the maximum of 0.75 . Soil organic sequestrated kg/ha was found at the range of 98-150 kg.ha.35 farmers reported to have soil organic carbon sequestrated around 120-150 kg /ha. Thus agroforestry contributed a lot in sequestrating soil organic carbon.Only 36.67% of sample constituted the category of farmers who did organized agroforestry adoption. The study also reveals that 66.67% of population was highly motivated for agroforestry adoption whereas 40% of population belonged to high risk orientation category Most of the farmers had medium level management orientation knowledge. It indicated that there is more work to be done in this area to improve farmer’s management skills. 50% of farmers were self-motivated to adopt agroforestry interventions which were supported mainly by various NGOs functional in that area. 82% of farmers had adopted scattered/ Random planting patern followed by 65% planting along field borders.Least practiced pattern of plannting was silvipasture practices.Situational constraint was more dominant overall which consisted of about 42% in proving as hindrance in adoption of agroforestry. Situational constraints here were mainly uncontrolled grazing by the livestock, lack of proper irrigation facility, lack of proper market and smaller landholding by the farmers. Economical constraint here consisted of about 30% which mainly included lack of money to gather various facilities like organic manure, quality planting material and equipment and machines like tractors, sieve, driller etc. Technical constraint here constitutes to about 28% which mainly included lack of regular training regarding the various agroforestry intervention. The finding of the study concludes that there is need to promote organized agroforestry system in the region. It is important to work on socio economic significant factors which affect agroforestry adoption in such a way that maximum agroforestry adoption is done in the region. It will help the farmers in enhancing their socio-economic condition. Policy and support by government is required so that the farmers are equipped with basic infrastructures like irrigation, land reform, quality planting material and training. The emphasis should be in resolving situational constraint like open grazing, and lack of proper market. Thus this study helped us in not only analyzing the existing agroforestry system in Angara block it also helped in understanding the perspective of agroforestry understood by farmers. This study not only helped in analyzing the socioeconomic factors that leads to adoption of agroforestry, it also helped in understanding the factors which acted as inhibition to farmers in adoption of agroforestry.