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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2016 - 20196
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Subject: Plant Breeding × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN F 3 FAMILIES OF INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Ali, Shamshad; Kumar, Arun
    Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] is one of the most important oilseed crops of the country , and it occupies considerably large acreage among the Brassica group of oilseed crops. The average productivity of rapeseed-mustard in Jharkhand (642kg/ha) needs to be increased as it is much below the national average (1176kg/ha). This can be achieved through breeding high yielding varieties. The success of any breeding programme in general and improvement of specific traits through selection in particular crop. The present experiment was carried out to construct various selection parameters from the different character combinations taking F3 populations of fifteen cross combinations of Indian mustard. Variability parameters, heritability, genetic advance, and character associations in the experimental materials have been estimated based on eight quantitative traits. Wide range of variability was observed for plant height, secondary branch per plant, main shoot length, silique on main shoot, number of seed per silique and seed yield per plant whereas moderate to narrow range of variabilities were recorded for days to first flowering and days to maturity in almost all the segregating populations of fifteen crosses. However in parents narrow to moderate range of variabilities were observed for almost all the yield attributing traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variations were higher in magnitude than the genotypic coefficient of variations in respect of all the characters in both segregating as well as parental populations. High to moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations (PCV & GCV) were recorded for secondary branches per plant, plant height, main shoot length, number of seeds per siliqua, siliqua on main shoot, and yield per plant whereas days to first flowering and days to maturity registered narrow genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations in segregating populations of all the F3 families. However in parental populations barring few traits, most of the yield attributing characters exhibited narrow to moderate PCV & GCV. F3 families of NRCHB - 101 X PM – 21 registered highest magnitude of phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficient of variations for days to first flowering and siliqua on main shoot. It had also maximum GCV for plant height. The segregating populations of PM – 25 X PM – 21 had maximum PVC as well as GCV for secondary branch per plant. Maximum PCV as well as GCV for days to maturity and seed yield per plant were observed in F3 families of NRCHB – 101 X RLC – 1 where NRCDR – 21 inhibited maximum PCV and GCV for number of seeds per siliqua. Maximum GCV was observed for maximum shoot length in F3 families of SHIVANI X PM - 21 while F3 families PUSA BOLD X PM – 21 showed highest PCV for main shoot length. The F3 families of NRCDR-2 X PM-21 exhibited maximum heritability coupled with maximum genetic gain for secondary branch per plant and number of seeds per siliqua. Similarity the segregating population of PUSA BOLD X PM – 21 registered maximum heritability along with maximum genetic gain for plant height, PM-25 X PM-21 for main shoot length and siliqua on main shoot and NRCHB-101 X RLC-1 for seed yield per plant and days of maturity. The correlation studies revealed that seed yield per plant had strong positive association with secondary branches per plant, main shoot length, plant height, number of siliqua on main shoot, and number of seed per siliqua in most of the segregating as well as parental populations. Multiple regression analysis revealed that F3 families of different crosses responded differentially for yield prediction based on regression equation. Best fitted regression equations were different for each of the fifteen F3 families indicating thereby regression model and contribution of independent variables to yield was different for each of the fifteen F3 families. In segregating population of NRCHB-101 X PM-21 due weightage should be given to secondary branches per plant and main shoot length while practicing selection as these traits have maximum contribution to yield. Secondary branches per plant and number of siliqua on main shoot had contributed significantly maximum towards yield in segregating populations of eleven out of fifteen crosses. Hence these two traits are identified as most important yield attributes based on which selection of elite genotypes from segregating population would be advantageous in the present study.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Choudhary, Vinay Kumar; Ram, Sohan
    A study was conducted at Ranchi Agricultural Research farm and Chianki Research farm during Rabi 2013-14 to evaluate 6 populations i.e. P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 from six different crosses for generation mean analysis. Investigation was carried out on variability, nature and magnitude of gene effects, their interactions, heterosis and inbreeding depression for 17 traits i.e. days to 50 per cent flowering ,days to maturity, plant height ,number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule diameter, seed yield per plant, test weight, oil content, palmitic acid content, stearic acid content, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, wilt disease reaction and rust disease reaction. Thirty treatments consisting 5 parents, 6F1s, 6F2s, 6BC1s, 6BC2s and one check (LC-54) has laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis revealed highly significant variation among the treatments for all the characters under study at both the locations. Phenotypic and genotypic co-efficient of variation was high for plant height, number of primary branches per plant , number of capsules per plant , wilt disease reaction, rust disease reaction and seed yield per plant at both the locations showing the presence of variability among the treatments for yield and yield attributing traits. Similarly high to moderate heritability as well as genetic advance was recorded for number of capsules per plant, rust disease reaction, wilt disease reaction, oleic acid content and linolenic acid content indicating that breeding for these traits can be use in the development of these traits. The estimates of additive and dominance components through joint scaling test as well as epistasis interaction through six parameter model indicated that additive component has significant role in the expression of number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule diameter and test weight at both the locations indicating that transgressive segregants of these characters can be useful in improvement of these traits in segregating generations. Dominance component played a major role in controlling the expression of number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant, test weight and rust disease reaction at both the locations. Among epistatic gene interactions, additive x additive (i) and dominance x dominance (l) interactions effect showed significant impact in comparison to additive x dominance (j) interaction in controlling the expression of plant height, primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule diameter, days to maturity, seed yield per plant, oil content, wilt disease reaction and rust disease reaction by additive x additive (i) interaction, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of capsules per plant and number of seeds per capsule by dominance x dominance (l) interaction and days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of capsules per plant, days to maturity, oil content, wilt disease reaction and rust disease reaction by additive x dominance (j) interaction at both the locations. Almost all the crosses for all the traits under study exhibited duplicate type of gene action at both the locations whereas few crosses showed complimentary gene action for respective traits at only Ranchi location. Heterosis estimate revealed that the crosses Meera x T-397 and Shekhar x T-397 were found to be the best crosses at both the locations considering the heterotic advantage of these crosses over mid parent, better parent and economic check LC-54. The heterosis manifested in these two crosses were mainly due to desirable heterotic response of important yield component traits like, number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant , number of seeds per capsule, capsule diameter and test weight indicating that development of hybrids and better segregants based on these traits can be fruitful.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) ., Priyamedha; Haider, Z. A.
    The present investigation involves eight lines and five testers to develop forty crosses in a line x tester design. All the thirteen parents and forty crosses were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications in three dates of sowing, representing environments, at Crop Research Centre of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi. The experiment was undertaken with a view to determine the per se performance of parental lines, magnitude of heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis, to assess the combining ability of parents and crosses, to assess the genotype x environmental interaction and stability parameters of various genotypes for seed yield, yield attributing traits and quality traits. The pooled analysis of variance for sixteen morphological traits indicated significant difference among the environments for all the characters except for siliqua length. The environment wise analysis of variance showed significant differences among the parents and crosses for all the traits studied in all the three environments. On the basis of per se performance, the highest mean seed yield per plant was recorded by the parents Pusa Bold (6.93 g) followed by Pusa Mustard-21 (5.95 g) and NRCHB-101; BPR 543-2 (5.93), while, among crosses, highest was recorded in NRCHB-101 x BPR 543-2 (7.64 g) followed by NRCHB-101 x JN 032 (7.63) and Pusa Bold x Pusa Mustard-21 (7.26). Highest oil content was recorded in JN 032 (42.39 %) followed by NRCDR-02 (42.26 %) and Shivani (41.97 %), while, among crosses, highest was recorded in Shivani x RGN-73 (42.50 %) followed by Pusa Bold x BPR 543-2 (42.38 %) and Shivani x BPR 543-2 (42.38 %). Lowest erucic acid was recorded in Heera (1.77%) followed by Pusa Mustard-21(2.12 %) and JN 032 (3.71 %), while, among crosses, lowest was recorded in BAUSM-92-1-1 x Pusa Mustard-21 (9.65 %) followed by BAUSM-92-1-1 x Heera (14.05 %) Lowest glucosinolate content was recorded in Heera (26.38 μM/g of oil-free seed meal) followed by JN 032 (38.61) and Kranti (64.17), while, among crosses, lowest was recorded in NRCDR-02 x Heera (33.56 μM/g) followed by NRCHB-101 x Heera (35.49) and Shivani x Heera (37.52 μM/g). Out of 40 crosses, BAUM-2007 x Heera, BAUM-2007 x JN 032, BAUM-2007 x RGN-73, Pusa Mustard-25 x RGN-73 and Kranti x Heera came out to be the promising because of having high heterotic effect for seed yield and yield attributing traits. In the case of standard heterosis, crosses BAUM-2007 x JN 032, Pusa Mustard-25 x Heera, Pusa Bold x Heera, BAUM-2007 x Heera and Pusa Bold x Pusa Mustard-21 came out to be the promising crosses for some important yield component characters in most of environments. The cross Pusa Bold x BPR 543-2 was found promising for oil content. The environment wise combining ability analysis revealed significant GCA and SCA variances for almost all the characters studied indicated that all these traits were controlled by both additive and non-additive gene effects. The parents, Pusa Bold, NRCHB 101 and RGN-73 were emerged as good general combiner with high per se performance for seed yield/plant and most of contributing characters. However, the parents, Shivani, Pusa Mustard-25, BAUM-2007, Heera and BPR 543-2 were good general combiners for specific yield component characters. The parents, Shivani, BPR 543-2 and Heera were good general combiners for oil content and other quality traits. Some promising crosses having high SCA effects in desired direction for seed yield/plant and related traits were BAUM-2007 x Heera, Pusa Mustard-25 x JN 032, NRCHB-101 x BPR 543-2, NRCHB-101 x JN 032, BAUSM-92-1-1 x RGN-73 and Kranti x Heera. Some of the crosses having high SCA effects in desired direction were NRCDR-02 x BPR 543-2, NRCHB-101 x Pusa Mustard-21, NRCHB-101 x Heera, NRCDR-02 x Heera, NRCHB-101 x JN 032, Pusa Bold x Pusa Mustard-21, Shivani x Heera, BAUM- 2007 x Heera and BAUSM-92-1-1 x Heera for yield related traits. Stability revealed that genotypes as well as environment were highly significant for all the eight morphological characters under study. This revealed significant variation among genotypes and among environments. Sufficient G X E interaction was exhibited by the genotypes for all the characters. The environment (linear) was highly significant for all the characters, while the linear component of G X E interaction was highly significant for days to maturity only. Pooled deviation differed significantly for all the characters, suggesting the genotypes had varying level of stability over the sowing times for these characters. The parents viz. NRCDR-02, Pusa Bold and BPR 543-2 as well as the crosses viz. Pusa Bold x Pusa Mustard-21, Pusa Bold x RGN-73, Pusa Bold x JN- 032, Shivani x Heera, Shivani x BPR 543-2, Kranti x BPR 543-2 and BAUM-2007 x JN- 032 exhibited high mean and showed stable performance for seed yield/plant. Stability parameters indicated that BAUSM-92-1-1 (plant height and number of seeds/siliqua) and BAUM-2007 x JN-032 (total number of siliqua/plant, number of seeds/siliqua and seed yield/plant) were fairly stable across the environments. BAUM-2007 and Pusa Mustard- 21 showed relatively stable performance for number of siliquae on main shoot and1000 - seed weight over environments. Thus, these genotypes can be utilized to develop stable strains having wider adaptability for different sowing times. Overall crosses based on high per se performance, high SCA effects, high heterobeltiosis and high standard heterosis were BAUM-2007 x JN 032 and NRCHB- 101 x BPR 543-2 in E3 for point to first branch; BAUM-2007 x JN 032 in E3 for point to first siliqua; BAUM-2007 x RGN-73 in E2 for number of secondary branches; Kranti x BPR 543-2 in E2 for number of siliquae on main shoot; Kranti x Heera in E3 for total number of siliqua/plant; Kranti x Heera in E3 for number of seeds/siliqua. As the environmental effect on the expression of the character was very high, different crosses emerged in different environments for different yield attributing traits. Thus, these crosses can be included in the breeding programme for improvement in yield in specific environment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SELECTION OF F 2 PLANTS THROUGH SELECTION INDICES IN Brassica juncea (Linn.) CZERNJ. AND COSSON
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Minz, Anjna Rani; Mahto, C.S.
    Indian mustard [Brassica juncea(L.) Czern & Coss.] is one of the most important oilseed crops of the country, and it occupies considerably large acerage among the Brassica group of oilseed crops. The average productivity of rapeseed-mustard in Jharkhand (642 kg/ha) needs to be increased as it is much below the national average (1176kg/ha). This can be achieved through breeding high yielding varieties. The success of any breeding programme in general and improvement of specific traits through selection in particular, totally depends upon the genetic variability present in the genotypes of a particular crop. The present experiment was carried out to construct various selection indices from the different character combinations taking F2 population of 5 cross combination of Indian mustard. Variability parameters, heritability, genetic advance, character association, and selection index in the experimental materials have been estimated based on 10 quantitative traits. A wide range of variability was observed for plant height, number of siliqua per plant, seed yield per plant and number of secondary branches per plant in all the 5 segregating F2 population, whereas moderate to less variability as recorded for days to first flowering, days to maturity and number of seeds per siliqua. However, narrow range of variability could be observed for number of primary branches per plant, siliqua length and 1000 seed weight. Phenotypic coefficient of variations was higher in magnitude than the genotypic coefficient of variations in respect of all the characters. High to moderate phenotypic and genotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV & GCV) were recorded for number of secondary branches per plant, seed yield per plant, number of siliqua per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per siliqua and 1000 seed weight. However, lowest GCV and PCV as recorded for days to maturity for all five F2 cross combinations. The estimates of high to moderate heritability was recorded in number of siliqua per plant, seed yield per plant, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, days to first flowering, 1000 seed weight, days to maturity, seeds per siliqua and siliqua length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of siliqua per plant for all the five F2 cross combinations. Correlations studies revealed that seed yield per plant had strong positive association with plant height, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, and siliqua length for all the five cross combination studied. On the other hand, days to flowering, days to maturity and some extent 1000 seed weight were found to be non-significantly correlated with seed yield per plant. Thus these characters have not been considered while constructing selection index. For construction of selection indices, the characters which had desirable significant correlation with seed yield per plant were considered. Thus, a total 67 selection indices were constructed based on seven characters in all possible combination with seed yield per plant. Among the single character index, number of siliqua per plant exhibited higher genetic advance and relative efficiency over straight selection for seed yield for all the cross combination. Number of siliqua per plant showed higher expected genetic advance and relative efficiency in percent, than those calculated for other character in all five cross combination (CI, CII, CIII, CIV, CV) suggested that number of siliqua per plant proved to be better index selection based on single character. High expected genetic advance as well as selection efficiency was observed when this character was included in any combination of characters in selection indices. In other words, selection efficiency improved with an increase in number of characters in combination with yield and higher value obtained when it includes the character number of siliqua per plant. The study suggested that the superiority of selection based on index increase with an increase in number of characters under selection. Hence, maximum gain was achieved by taking all the seven characters simultaneously i.e. X7, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 and X6 in all cross combination. In the present study, selection based on all the seven characters gave maximum genetic gain and high efficiency for all the cross combination over straight selection for a single character, but practically it is unmanageable to use in the selection exercise. So, it is suggested to prefer the index which includes as minimum as possible the characters at a time having high efficiency. On the basis of selection index of 20 top ranked individual plants, it was found that the plant number 49, 18. 40, 61, 30, 91, 21, 27, 98 54, 25, 71, 10, 84, 17, 11, 33, 35, 19 and 82 in F2 population of cross combination CI (Pusa Bold x PM 21) may be selected for next generation as these plants had higher selection scores. Similarly, plant number 11, 83, 8, 71, 91, 87,77, 76, 75, 25, 84, 12, 29, 68, 61, 22, 54, 7, 47 and 95 were found better in terms of selection indices in F2 population of the cross combination CII (NPJ 112 x PM 21). For cross combination CIII i.e. Shivani x BPR 543-2 plant number 98, 33, 99, 84, 56, 16, 11, 1, 78, 59, 83, 92, 31, 34, 19, 18, 75, 80,62, 6 were selected for next generation advancement. The plant number 13, 47, 81, 12, 46, 45, 2, 87, 10, 41, 76, 5, 66, 86, 55, 91, 14, 100, 33 and 25 may be selected in F2 population of cross combination CIV (NRCDR02 x RGN 73). For plant population of CV (BAUM 2007 x PM 21) cross combination, the plant number 39, 26, 46, 5, 1, 95, 47, 36, 10, 31, 15, 65, 7, 16, 27, 14, 71, 57, 67 and45 may be selected to advance next generation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MUTATION STUDIES IN SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Aditya, Kambampati; Verma, Nutan
    Two well adapted and genetically divergent varieties of soybean, B.S.S.2 and R.K.S.-18, treated with five different doses of Gamma rays using cobalt 60 [Co60] source of BARC, Mumbai were sown along with untreated parent seeds under soybean research programme, during Kharif 2014-15.The M1 plants were harvested individually and seeds from individual plants were sown in the field to grow the M2 progeny in subsequent Kharif 2015. The data collected for individual characters was subjected to the standard descriptive statistical analysis. The experimental findings revealed that seed germination and plant survival decreased with increase in dose of mutagen .The reduction in germination was found more in the variety B.S.S-2 than the variety RKS -18 , proving it to be more sensitive towards Gamma rays . In M2 generation a sudden increase in lethality percentage was recorded in BSS-2 at higher dose. Seedling or plant injury was not found dose dependent clearly indicating that different dose exerted different inhibitory effect on seedling growth in both the varieties under study. High polygenic variation was observed for the characters like plant height, number of pods per plant and number of branches per plant in both the varieties due to effect of different doses of Gamma rays in M2 progeny. The variety BSS-2 showed greater variability for most of the quantitative traits which could be observed at lower doses (50 Gy and 100 Gy). Gamma rays had positive effect on number of branches per plant and days to maturity in both the varieties. No effect was observed for the character number of seeds per pod ,while negative effect was recorded for 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant in variety , R.K.S-18. Mutation frequency showed an increase with increase in dose of Gamma rays in both the varieties. Mutation rate was found higher in BSS-2 than RKS-18 proving it to be more reactive to mutagenic treatment. In the variety BSS-2 highest mutagenic effectiveness was recorded at 150 Gy while the effectiveness decreased with an increase in dose. Lower dose was found to be the most effective. Correlation was computed to know the relation between two characters of the same variety, whereas Z-test was calculated to study about the two correlation coefficients whether they are significantly different or not. On the basis of field data, average performance was highly significant for several characters like plant maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES OF RICEBEAN [Vigna umbellata (L) Thumb.]
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Gupta, Kuldeep Kumar; Mahto, Jay Lal
    The present investigation was carried out in 50 germplasms of rice bean maintained in research plot of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics at Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke to collect information on the extant of variability, degree of association of different yield components, their direct and indirect effect on seed yield and extant of genetic diversity among the genotypes. The experiment was conducted in the research plot of Ranchi Agriculture College farm during kharif 2015. Ricebean (Vigna umbellata (L) Thumb) is an important kharif, warm season annual vine legume with yellow flowers small edible beans. To date, it is little known, little researched and little exploited. It is regarded as a minor food and fodder crop and is often grown as intercrop or mixed crop with maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) or cowpea (V. unguiculata), as well as a sole crop in the uplands, on a very limited area. It is also important as a fodder, a green manure and a vegetable. The cultivated Asiatic Vigna species belong to the su –genus Ceratotropis, a fairly distinct and homogeneous group, largely restricted to Asia, which has a chromosome number of 2n = 22 (except V. glabrescens, 2n = 44). Ricebean as adapted to sub-humid regions with 1000–1500 mm precipitation, although they noted that other factors were also involved in adaptation. Ricebean is valuable for its ability to fix nitrogen in depleted soils and in mixed cropping with local varieties of maize, as well as for its beneficial role in preventing soil erosion. Fifty germplasm of rice bean along with four checks were grown in a randomized block design during kharif season of 2015-16 and data were recorded for fourteen quantitative characters and thirteen qualitative characters. Data were analysed to find out the estimate of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficient. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among germplasm for eleven characters and significant for remaining two characters studied. This indicated the inherent genetic differences among the genotypes for all the fourteen quantitative characters and thirteen qualitative characters under the present study. A wide range of phenotypic variability observed for plant height, seed yield per plant, insect infestation, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. The estimates of phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficient of variation were maximum for plant height, seed yield per plant, insect infestation and days to maturity. Plant height, seed yield per plant, insect infestation and protein content gave the highest value of heritability (broad sense). These characters also gave the higher value of genetic advance as percent of mean. Correlation study revealed that seed yield per plant had a strong positive association with number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, plant height, 100 seed weight, days to maturity. Plant height had highest positive direct effect followed by pod length, number of seeds per pod and number of clusters per plant. Thus our present investigation indicated that The genotypes namely, RRB-12 (53.50) for days to 50% Flowering, RRB-17 for maximum number of branches per plant, RRB-19 for plant height, RRB-17 for pod length, number of pods per plant, LRB-543 for days to maturity, RRB-19 for number of cluster per plant, RRBM-112, LRB-554, LRB-545 and LRB-567 for number of pods per clusters, LRB-127 and LRB-111 for number of seeds per pod, LRB-111 for 100 seed weight, RRB-17 for seed yield per plant, LRB-228 for insect infestation and RRB-14 for protein content were identified as most divergent genotypes for the trait concerned, based on phenotypic traits and quality components studies considering together which may be used in future breeding programme of ricebean to get transgressive recombinants in segregating generation and high heterotic F1’s with respect to maturity and yield as well as improved oil quality.