Thumbnail Image

Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

Browse

20163
Reset filters
Subject: Plant Breeding × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SELECTION OF F 2 PLANTS THROUGH SELECTION INDICES IN Brassica juncea (Linn.) CZERNJ. AND COSSON
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Minz, Anjna Rani; Mahto, C.S.
    Indian mustard [Brassica juncea(L.) Czern & Coss.] is one of the most important oilseed crops of the country, and it occupies considerably large acerage among the Brassica group of oilseed crops. The average productivity of rapeseed-mustard in Jharkhand (642 kg/ha) needs to be increased as it is much below the national average (1176kg/ha). This can be achieved through breeding high yielding varieties. The success of any breeding programme in general and improvement of specific traits through selection in particular, totally depends upon the genetic variability present in the genotypes of a particular crop. The present experiment was carried out to construct various selection indices from the different character combinations taking F2 population of 5 cross combination of Indian mustard. Variability parameters, heritability, genetic advance, character association, and selection index in the experimental materials have been estimated based on 10 quantitative traits. A wide range of variability was observed for plant height, number of siliqua per plant, seed yield per plant and number of secondary branches per plant in all the 5 segregating F2 population, whereas moderate to less variability as recorded for days to first flowering, days to maturity and number of seeds per siliqua. However, narrow range of variability could be observed for number of primary branches per plant, siliqua length and 1000 seed weight. Phenotypic coefficient of variations was higher in magnitude than the genotypic coefficient of variations in respect of all the characters. High to moderate phenotypic and genotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV & GCV) were recorded for number of secondary branches per plant, seed yield per plant, number of siliqua per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per siliqua and 1000 seed weight. However, lowest GCV and PCV as recorded for days to maturity for all five F2 cross combinations. The estimates of high to moderate heritability was recorded in number of siliqua per plant, seed yield per plant, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, days to first flowering, 1000 seed weight, days to maturity, seeds per siliqua and siliqua length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of siliqua per plant for all the five F2 cross combinations. Correlations studies revealed that seed yield per plant had strong positive association with plant height, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, and siliqua length for all the five cross combination studied. On the other hand, days to flowering, days to maturity and some extent 1000 seed weight were found to be non-significantly correlated with seed yield per plant. Thus these characters have not been considered while constructing selection index. For construction of selection indices, the characters which had desirable significant correlation with seed yield per plant were considered. Thus, a total 67 selection indices were constructed based on seven characters in all possible combination with seed yield per plant. Among the single character index, number of siliqua per plant exhibited higher genetic advance and relative efficiency over straight selection for seed yield for all the cross combination. Number of siliqua per plant showed higher expected genetic advance and relative efficiency in percent, than those calculated for other character in all five cross combination (CI, CII, CIII, CIV, CV) suggested that number of siliqua per plant proved to be better index selection based on single character. High expected genetic advance as well as selection efficiency was observed when this character was included in any combination of characters in selection indices. In other words, selection efficiency improved with an increase in number of characters in combination with yield and higher value obtained when it includes the character number of siliqua per plant. The study suggested that the superiority of selection based on index increase with an increase in number of characters under selection. Hence, maximum gain was achieved by taking all the seven characters simultaneously i.e. X7, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 and X6 in all cross combination. In the present study, selection based on all the seven characters gave maximum genetic gain and high efficiency for all the cross combination over straight selection for a single character, but practically it is unmanageable to use in the selection exercise. So, it is suggested to prefer the index which includes as minimum as possible the characters at a time having high efficiency. On the basis of selection index of 20 top ranked individual plants, it was found that the plant number 49, 18. 40, 61, 30, 91, 21, 27, 98 54, 25, 71, 10, 84, 17, 11, 33, 35, 19 and 82 in F2 population of cross combination CI (Pusa Bold x PM 21) may be selected for next generation as these plants had higher selection scores. Similarly, plant number 11, 83, 8, 71, 91, 87,77, 76, 75, 25, 84, 12, 29, 68, 61, 22, 54, 7, 47 and 95 were found better in terms of selection indices in F2 population of the cross combination CII (NPJ 112 x PM 21). For cross combination CIII i.e. Shivani x BPR 543-2 plant number 98, 33, 99, 84, 56, 16, 11, 1, 78, 59, 83, 92, 31, 34, 19, 18, 75, 80,62, 6 were selected for next generation advancement. The plant number 13, 47, 81, 12, 46, 45, 2, 87, 10, 41, 76, 5, 66, 86, 55, 91, 14, 100, 33 and 25 may be selected in F2 population of cross combination CIV (NRCDR02 x RGN 73). For plant population of CV (BAUM 2007 x PM 21) cross combination, the plant number 39, 26, 46, 5, 1, 95, 47, 36, 10, 31, 15, 65, 7, 16, 27, 14, 71, 57, 67 and45 may be selected to advance next generation.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MUTATION STUDIES IN SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Aditya, Kambampati; Verma, Nutan
    Two well adapted and genetically divergent varieties of soybean, B.S.S.2 and R.K.S.-18, treated with five different doses of Gamma rays using cobalt 60 [Co60] source of BARC, Mumbai were sown along with untreated parent seeds under soybean research programme, during Kharif 2014-15.The M1 plants were harvested individually and seeds from individual plants were sown in the field to grow the M2 progeny in subsequent Kharif 2015. The data collected for individual characters was subjected to the standard descriptive statistical analysis. The experimental findings revealed that seed germination and plant survival decreased with increase in dose of mutagen .The reduction in germination was found more in the variety B.S.S-2 than the variety RKS -18 , proving it to be more sensitive towards Gamma rays . In M2 generation a sudden increase in lethality percentage was recorded in BSS-2 at higher dose. Seedling or plant injury was not found dose dependent clearly indicating that different dose exerted different inhibitory effect on seedling growth in both the varieties under study. High polygenic variation was observed for the characters like plant height, number of pods per plant and number of branches per plant in both the varieties due to effect of different doses of Gamma rays in M2 progeny. The variety BSS-2 showed greater variability for most of the quantitative traits which could be observed at lower doses (50 Gy and 100 Gy). Gamma rays had positive effect on number of branches per plant and days to maturity in both the varieties. No effect was observed for the character number of seeds per pod ,while negative effect was recorded for 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant in variety , R.K.S-18. Mutation frequency showed an increase with increase in dose of Gamma rays in both the varieties. Mutation rate was found higher in BSS-2 than RKS-18 proving it to be more reactive to mutagenic treatment. In the variety BSS-2 highest mutagenic effectiveness was recorded at 150 Gy while the effectiveness decreased with an increase in dose. Lower dose was found to be the most effective. Correlation was computed to know the relation between two characters of the same variety, whereas Z-test was calculated to study about the two correlation coefficients whether they are significantly different or not. On the basis of field data, average performance was highly significant for several characters like plant maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES OF RICEBEAN [Vigna umbellata (L) Thumb.]
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Gupta, Kuldeep Kumar; Mahto, Jay Lal
    The present investigation was carried out in 50 germplasms of rice bean maintained in research plot of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics at Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke to collect information on the extant of variability, degree of association of different yield components, their direct and indirect effect on seed yield and extant of genetic diversity among the genotypes. The experiment was conducted in the research plot of Ranchi Agriculture College farm during kharif 2015. Ricebean (Vigna umbellata (L) Thumb) is an important kharif, warm season annual vine legume with yellow flowers small edible beans. To date, it is little known, little researched and little exploited. It is regarded as a minor food and fodder crop and is often grown as intercrop or mixed crop with maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) or cowpea (V. unguiculata), as well as a sole crop in the uplands, on a very limited area. It is also important as a fodder, a green manure and a vegetable. The cultivated Asiatic Vigna species belong to the su –genus Ceratotropis, a fairly distinct and homogeneous group, largely restricted to Asia, which has a chromosome number of 2n = 22 (except V. glabrescens, 2n = 44). Ricebean as adapted to sub-humid regions with 1000–1500 mm precipitation, although they noted that other factors were also involved in adaptation. Ricebean is valuable for its ability to fix nitrogen in depleted soils and in mixed cropping with local varieties of maize, as well as for its beneficial role in preventing soil erosion. Fifty germplasm of rice bean along with four checks were grown in a randomized block design during kharif season of 2015-16 and data were recorded for fourteen quantitative characters and thirteen qualitative characters. Data were analysed to find out the estimate of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficient. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among germplasm for eleven characters and significant for remaining two characters studied. This indicated the inherent genetic differences among the genotypes for all the fourteen quantitative characters and thirteen qualitative characters under the present study. A wide range of phenotypic variability observed for plant height, seed yield per plant, insect infestation, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. The estimates of phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficient of variation were maximum for plant height, seed yield per plant, insect infestation and days to maturity. Plant height, seed yield per plant, insect infestation and protein content gave the highest value of heritability (broad sense). These characters also gave the higher value of genetic advance as percent of mean. Correlation study revealed that seed yield per plant had a strong positive association with number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, plant height, 100 seed weight, days to maturity. Plant height had highest positive direct effect followed by pod length, number of seeds per pod and number of clusters per plant. Thus our present investigation indicated that The genotypes namely, RRB-12 (53.50) for days to 50% Flowering, RRB-17 for maximum number of branches per plant, RRB-19 for plant height, RRB-17 for pod length, number of pods per plant, LRB-543 for days to maturity, RRB-19 for number of cluster per plant, RRBM-112, LRB-554, LRB-545 and LRB-567 for number of pods per clusters, LRB-127 and LRB-111 for number of seeds per pod, LRB-111 for 100 seed weight, RRB-17 for seed yield per plant, LRB-228 for insect infestation and RRB-14 for protein content were identified as most divergent genotypes for the trait concerned, based on phenotypic traits and quality components studies considering together which may be used in future breeding programme of ricebean to get transgressive recombinants in segregating generation and high heterotic F1’s with respect to maturity and yield as well as improved oil quality.