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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Induced Mutation Studies In Indian Mustard (Brassica Juncea L)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Arun Kumar; Z.A.HaiderIndian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is predominant in Indian subcontinent among different forms of oleiferous Brassicas due to its wider adaptability, more productivity and better tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent studies have shown that the productivity of Indian mustard is still far behind most of the European countries. Mustard oil, due to the presence of high amount of undesirable long chain fatty acid, like, erucic and eicosenoic acids, is characterized as inferior in quality with respect to most other vegetable oils. Linolenic acid is another undesirable fatty acid which causes taste impairment during storage and reduces shelf-life of the oil. Besides, increasing seed yield, modification in fatty acid composition and increasing oil content has recently been a major goal of oilseed breeders. Induction of mutation in Brassica species through physical or chemical mutagens have been found to contribute substantially towards widening the genetic base of variability for the characters of economic significance. In view of this, the present project was undertaken during rabi seasons of 1994-95 and 1995-96 in a randomized block design with three replications using two well adopted varieties of Indian mustard (Varuna and BR-40).The treatments consisted of 50kR, 60KR, 70KR. 80 kR, 98 kR and 100 KR of gamma rays, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.2% v/v of EMS and 50 KR + 0.2% EMS, 60 kR+ 0.2% EMS, 70 KR + 0.2% EMS, 80 KR + 0.2% EMS, 90 KR + 0.2% EMS and 100 KR + 0.2% EMS of combination treatments. The study included induced variability for different yield and yield attributes in M₁ and M₂ generations. Frequency and spectrum of different chlorophyll mutations and effectiveness and efficiency of different mutagens were computed based on chlorophyll mutation. Oil content and fatty acid composition was estimated using the seeds of M₂ generation by pulsed NMR and gas liquid chromatograph, respectively. In M₁ generation there was reduction in germination, seedling growth (root and shoot length) survival and pollen fertility with the increase in dose of the mutagens used. EMS proved to have more deleterious effect than gamma rays or the combination treatments. Variety BR-40 was more sensitive to mutagens than the other variety Varuna. Differential response of the two varieties (Varuna and BR-40) to different mutagens could be observed in both the generations. Lower doses of gamma rays and higher doses of EMS and combination treatments in Varuna, higher doses of gamma rays and combination treatments and lower doses of EMS in BR-40, induced maximum variability for a number of quantitative characters in both M₁ and M₂ generations. In M₂ generation, frequency of chlorophyll mutations was more in EMS treated population of Varuna whereas in BR-40, it was more mutants in gamma irradiated isolated were: Albina, Xantha, The Viridis, Marginata, Variegated, Maculata and Sectoral. Among the chlorophyll mutants, Marginata Lower respect was more frequently observed in both the doses of mutagens were more effective and varieties. Efficient to chlorophyll mutation than the higher doses. Further that, EMS was more effective than gamma rays. Bidirectional shift in oil content and fatty acid compositions of both the varieties have beenrecorded in different mutagenic treatment. Considerable one have also been recorded which can well be used in future breeding programme.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis And Combining Ability In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Shravan Kumar Singh; M.P.HaqueTen genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) namely Birsa Dhan 104, Birsa Dhan 106, Birsal Dhan 105, RAU-1004-105, Dhan103, Birsa Dhan 201, Rasi, IR-36, Birsa Dhan 202 and Rajendra Dhan 202 were crossed in a diallel fashion excluding reciprocals. The forty-five crosses and ten parents were grown in a complete block design during kharif season of 1995 irrigated condition. The data recorded on characters viz., days to panicle emergence, fourteen plants randomized under. normal quantitative height, total number of leaves per plant, flag leaf area, total number of tillers per plant, number of ear-bearing tillers per plant, length, number of grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, panicle. grain yield per panicle, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index were analyzed to find out the estimates of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, heterosis (over mid-parent combining ability.. and better parent) and combining ability. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for except grain yield per panicle. Almost This all indicated genetic differences among all the genotypes (10) the characters the parents F₁'s) for all the characters under this investigation. Grain yield per plant, grain yield per panicle and biological yield per plant showed considerable genetic coefficient of variation. High estimates of heritability (broad sense together with moderately high genetic advance was observed for the characters, spikelet fertility and biological yield per plant. Most of the crosses manifested positive heterosis over mid-parent and better parent for grain yield per plant. Maximum heterosis to the extent of 138.44 and 131.68 per cent was observed over mid-parent and better parent respectively. The best cross combination showing significant heterosis over the better parent was RAU-4000-105 X IR-36 (131.68 %). Crosses showing heterosis for grain yield were not heterotic for all the characters. The combining ability studies indicated that both additive and non-additive genetic components were involved in deter mining the expression of the characters studied but non-additive type of gene action predominanted in all these characters. Similarly, presence of over dominance was revealed in all the characters. Birsa Dhan 105 was found to exhibit maximum general combining ability for grain yield per plant, which also showed good general combining ability for biological yield per plant, harvest index and flag leaf area.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies on Quantitative and Qualitative Characters in Rice (oryza Sativa L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Rajesh Verma; Dr.S.C.PrasadFour inter varietal along with their parents (P generation B and B 1 crosses of and P), F 1 rice Oryza and F 2 1 2 sativa L) and two cross of each cross were developed and were grown in randomized block design. with three replications during kharif season of the year 1994 under rainfed situation in the rice research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi. The analysis of variance of 6 generations of each the four crosses for different characters revealed that of the differences among the generations were highly significant for majority plant, of plant character viz., plant height, tillers leaf length, panicle length, flag leaf grain weight, breadth and grain. yield and harvest index. straw yield. The replication significani in almost all the character. length, expect effect was per 1000 leaf non The observed variances in the various generations for different characters in each of the revealed F variances to be more then F 2 4 varietal crosses variance for most of 1 the character. In case of plant height the vriance BC was 1 variance of BC in all the crosses. The 2 higher then the variation in the generation is due to the variability. The scaling test A,B and C, as well as test were found to be highly significant in all joint the scaling cross combination for all the 10 traits studied. This clearly showed a good fit of additive dominance model.ThesisItem Open Access Study of Stability of Yield and Its Components in Bengal Gram (cicer aritinum Linn)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Rabindra Narayan Choudhary; M.F.HaqueFortytwo genotypes of gram (Cicer arietinum L) were evaluated through the formula suggested by Eberhart and Russell (1966) under November and December sowing conditions over three years e.g. 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 for eleven plant characters. The phenotypic expression of most of the characters was lower in December sowing condition than November sowing condition during all the three years. Highly significant differences were observed between the genotypes for all the characters except number of primary branches/plant. The environmental differences were also found highly significant for all the characters. The genotype x environment (G x E) interaction was also found to be highly significant for all the characters except plant height, number of secondary branches/plant, days to maturity, harvest index (%) and grain yield/plant. Both the linear and non linear component of G x E interactions were found to be highly significant for all the characters except days to maturity. However, the linear component was found to be greater in magnitude than the non-linear component for all the characters except days to maturity. The non-linear component was predominant for days to maturity. The grain yield/plant, harvest index (%). 100-grain weight, number of grains/pod, number of pods/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of primary branches/plant,ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies of Some Quantitative Characters in Maize (zea mays L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Nitish De; D.K.GanguliThe present investigation entitled "Genetic studies of some quantitative characters in mize (Zen mys L.)" was carried out with a set of eleven mize genotypes which were crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals. The fifty five crosses along with their parents and two checks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during kharif 1994 to study variability, heterosis, combining ability and gene action for eleven quantitative plant characters, and also the yield prediction of double cross and synthetics that could be constituted for future utilization. The observation data over replication were utilized in analysing various genetic parameters. Estimmtes of combining ability for various characters ware done following dinllel (11 x 11) after Griffing (19560) as well an by line x tester (B lines x 3 testers) after Kempthorne (1957) taking some eleven genotypes in the two CASOS. Highly significant differences among the parents, and among the crosses were observed for all the characters. The mean values of the crosses were more than the parental for all the characters except for days to 50 per cent silk. mean Grain yield per plant, car height, number of kernels per car, number of kernels per row and ear length showed considerable phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. The heritability estimates in broad sense for all the characters were higher in parents than the crosses. No character was found to have high heritability estimate together with high genetic advance. The extent of heterosis over mid-parent, better parent and two checks (Ganga Safed-2 and Suwan) for different characters varied considerably. Most of the crosses were found to give negative heterosis over the check varieties in mjority of the characters, however in case of days to 50 per cent silk, days to maturity, car girth and 100-kernel weight most of the crosses showed positive standard heterosis. Highest and significant positive standard heterosis over better check (Susan) for grain yield was observed in the cross BAU-8312 x CM-4385 (24.49 %). Heterosis for grain yield found to be associated with simultaneous heterosis in other component characters which differed in different crosses. However, 100-kernel weight, plant height and ear girth were the three commonest characters associated with heterosis for yield. The combining ability studies indicated the importance additive and non-additive gene actions in the expression characters, although The non-additive. gene action predominated, and the presence of over-dominance was observed in all the characters under both the mting designs except for days. to 50 per cent silk in diallel only.. The genotype BAU-SW/82 was the best general combiner for grain yield followed by BAU-8312, CM-4385 and BAU-W.Pool. The lines which were superior combiners for grain yield were also superior cabiners for one or more yield components. The crosses viz., BAU-8312 x CM-4385, CM-4357 x CM-600, CM-600 x BAU-W.Pool, BAU-SW/82 x CML-4386 and BAU-SW/82 x CML-4385 were the best specific cross combinations for grain yield per plant. under diallel analysis while CM-der* CM-600, CM-4373 x CM-600 and CM-4386 x BAU-W.Pool were best, line x tester analysis. CM-4357 x CM-600 being common one. Crosses showing high sca for grain yield also exhibited high sca for some component characters. In the comparative study between two mating designs the best general combiner for grain yield (BAU-SW/82) was the same. The estimates of various genetic components were also more or less similar in most of the characters under both diallel and line x tester analyses. The best specific cross combinations for yield and other characters. slightly differed in two methods of analyses. The per se performance of parents were found to be correlated with the gca effects for all the characters except for ear girth under diallel analysis whereas no such relation was found in line x tester analysis except for days to 50 per cent silk. However, the per se performance of the crosses showed parallel relationship with the sca effects for all the characters unler both the methods of unlysos. The best predicted double cross hybrid was (BAU-SW/82 x BAU-8312) x (CM-4385 x CL-4386) with an estimated yield of 61.69 q/ha and was 9.81 per cent higher than the better check Suwan (56.18 q/ha). Single cross hybrids gave better yield performance over the predicted double cross hybrids and synthetics. Top single crossos for grain yield do not constitute to give prodicted top double. cross yield. The predicted yield of all the syntheties were found lower than the check Suwan.ThesisItem Open Access Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (linum usitatissimum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.TrivediLinseed is predominantly a aulogamous crop of industrial significance inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed , the productivity under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability , heterosis and correlation through diallel analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing stated were obtained from project co-ordinator(Linseed) chandra shekhar Azad university of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, These varieties were crossed in 8x8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids .These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression , combining ability and correlation.ThesisItem Open Access Genotype Environment Interaction, Variability And Correlation Studies in Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1995) Shreekant Kumar; M.P.SinghThe present investigation on the "Genotype x Environment Interaction, Variability and Correlation studies in Groundnut was conducted in a Randomized Block Design for three years under rainfed situation. Thirty diverse groundnut varieties were evaluated for their extent of variability for twelve plant characters and to study the associations of these plant characters with yield and among themselves (both genotypic and phenotypic). The GxE interaction and estimation of stability parameters after Eberhart and Russell's (1966) was done to screen out some suitable stable varieties of groundnut for Chotanagpur region under rainfed condition. Highly significant differences were observed between the genotypes for almost all the characters over the years. The pooled estimate of phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were found to be low for oil percentage in kemel, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. The pooled estimate of genetic advance expressed in percentage of mean was also found to be lowest in oil percentage in kemel followed by days to maturity. Heritability estimate in broad sense pooled over three years was highest for days to 50% flowering. Pod yield showed positive and significant correlation with days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches, 100-kemel weight and days to maturity. None of the plant characters was found to be associated with oil percentage in kemel.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis And Combining Ability Studies In Bread Wheat(Triticum Aestivum L.em Thell)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Kapil Deo Prasad; Md.fazlul HaqueTen genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) namely, HUW 206, HUW 234, HW 2001, HW 2002, KS 19, KS 26, KS 34, UP 262, HD 2385 and HD 2402 were crossed in a diallel fashion excluding reciprocals. The fortyfive crosses and ten parents were grown in a randomised complete block design during Rabi season of 1988-89 under normal sown irrigated condition, The data recorded on twelve quantitative characters viz., plant height, ear length, number of earheads per plant, number of grains per ear, 100-grain weight, flag leaf area, peduncle length, sheath length, grain filling period, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index were analysed to find out the estimates of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, heterosis (over mid-parent, better parent and over UP 262), combining ability and character association. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the twelve characters except for number of earheads per plant which was significant at 5 per cent level both for parents and crosses. This indicated the inherent genetic differences among parents as well as crosses for all the characters under the present investigation. Grain yield per plant, number of grains per ear, flag leaf area and biological yield per plant showed consi derable genetic coefficient of variation.
