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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (Linum sitatissimum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.TrivediLinseed is predominantly a autogamous crop of industrial significance. Inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability, heterosis and correlation through dialled analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing states were obtained from Project Co-ordinator (Linseed), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. These varieties were crossed in 8 x 8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids. These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, combining ability and correlation co-efficient. The analysis of variance was highly significant for oil yield and its components. Variability in the parents and reciprocals, though was non-significant yet was significant in Parents Vs Crosses and F₁ Vs Reciprocals. Manifestation of heterosis was variable in magnitude and nature among corresponding characters in F₁ and F2 hybrids of direct and reciprocal cross. Heterosis as high as 230.90 percent over superior parent was obtained for oil yield in R-7 x Garima, 69,01 percent for oil content in T 397 x R-7 and 202.34 percent for seed yield in Jawahar-23/10 x Garima.Cross Mukta x R-7 was identified as highest heterotic cross for oil yield, seed yield and oil content. CONT Use of parent as pollen or seed parent had a significant difference in heterotic behaviour of the cross. Parents Neelum, Garima and R-17 were identified as best seed parents against R-7 and Jawahar-23/10 as pollen parents. Estimates of GCA and SCA variances obtained were highly significant for oil yield and its components, Non-additive components played major role in expression of oil yield, oil content and seed yield where as other characters exhibited importance of additive component in their expression. The general combining ability effects corresponded fairly with that of per se performance of the parents for all characters except oil content, number of capsules and number of secondary branches per plant. For oil yield, oil content and seed yield though none of the parent was best / good general combiner, yet best / good specific combinations for these traits were obtained from poor x poor combiners. It was noticed that high specific combinations for oil yield were also high specific combinations for seed yield but all high specific combinations for oil content and seed yield components were not necessarily high specific combinations for oil yield. Genotypic correlation co-efficient was higher than phenotypic. Correlation Oil yield was favorably associated with oil content, seed yield, number of capsules and number of secondary branches. Selection of these characters was suggested to increase oil yield.ThesisItem Open Access Variability And Characters Association in Chickpea ( Cicer Arietinum L.) Under Late Sown Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Naresh Prasad Yadav; Dr. C.M. SharmaChickpea (Cicer arietinum L) is the most important pulse accounting for more than one-third of the area and about 40% of the production of our country. In 1993-94 in India, the area of 7.76 million hectare produced 5.56 million tonnes of grain and productivity was 823 kg per hectare. The crop belongs to family Leguminosac and sub-family Papilionaceae. It is important source of protein, varying from 183 to 23.2 percent. Bihar produced about 940 thousand tonnes of crop from an area of 1084 thousand hectare during 1994-95. In plateau region of Chotanagpur and Santhal Pargana, the area under this crop is about 36.0 thousand ha. with a production of about 25.5 thousand tonnes and its productivity is about 429 kg per ha. The present investigation was carried out on the study of variability and character association in a collection of thirty genotype of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) of diverse origin under late sown condition. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant difference among thirty entries for the characters, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, branches per plant, pod size, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield and significant for the character seed yield per plant. Wide range of phenotypic variability was observed for the characters days to 50% flowering, plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, seed yield per plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield. Similar results have also been reported by Bhardwaj and Singh (1970).ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis And Combining Ability Studies in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Surya Prakash; Dr. M. F. HaqueWheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the most important winter cereal in India contributing as one third to the total food grain basket of the country. The present study is an attempt to analyses and to understand the genetic system especially in respect of inheritance of some important quantitative characters. The field experiment was conducted during rabi season 1994-95, in a randomized block design with three replications at the experimental field of Birsa Agril. Univ. Ranchi. The experimental material consists of 44 Fi's (derived from 11 x 4, 1ine x tester mating design) and 15 parental lines. The characters studied were days to 75% flowering, plant height (cm.), spike length (cm.), number of spike par plant, days to 75% maturity, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike (gm.), 1000 grain weight (gm.), biological yield per plant (gm.), grain yield per plant (gm.) and harvest index (2). The analysis of data for general and specific combining ability was done following the method given by Kempthorne (1957), besides other statistical analysis. A wide range of variability among the different genotypes was observed in almost all the characters. The analysis of variance revealed that there was the significant difference among parents and crosses for all the characters under study. The high estimate of heritability was shown by days to 75% flowering, spike length, days to 752 maturity, biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant, among the parents, as well as among the crosses. The same characters also showed high genetic advance and higher or moderate genetic advance of mean. In the heterosis study almost all the crosses showed high heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard variety for the characters days to 75% flowering and days to 752 maturity and many crosses showed high heterosis for plant height, spike length, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index. In the combining ability analysis most of the parents showed significant values for most of the characters. The parent KG 128 followed by HD 2402 and BAUW54 were observed good combiners. The dominance of additive and non-additive gene effects were observed in all the characters. Non additive gene effect was predominant in almost all the characters.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies on Quantitative and Qualitative Characters in Rice (oryza Sativa L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Rajesh Verma; Dr.S.C.PrasadFour inter varietal along with their parents (P generation B and B 1 crosses of and P), F 1 rice Oryza and F 2 1 2 sativa L) and two cross of each cross were developed and were grown in randomized block design. with three replications during kharif season of the year 1994 under rainfed situation in the rice research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi. The analysis of variance of 6 generations of each the four crosses for different characters revealed that of the differences among the generations were highly significant for majority plant, of plant character viz., plant height, tillers leaf length, panicle length, flag leaf grain weight, breadth and grain. yield and harvest index. straw yield. The replication significani in almost all the character. length, expect effect was per 1000 leaf non The observed variances in the various generations for different characters in each of the revealed F variances to be more then F 2 4 varietal crosses variance for most of 1 the character. In case of plant height the vriance BC was 1 variance of BC in all the crosses. The 2 higher then the variation in the generation is due to the variability. The scaling test A,B and C, as well as test were found to be highly significant in all joint the scaling cross combination for all the 10 traits studied. This clearly showed a good fit of additive dominance model.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics Analysis And Combining Ability Studies In Linseed(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Chandrashekhar Mahta; M. H. RahmanLinseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is predominantly self-pollinated crop grown as a rabi oilseed in India. The oil content varies from 33 to 45 per cent and mainly used in paint and varnish industries as quick drying oil. It is also used as edible oil in many parts of the world. India is the largest country in the world in terms of area and production of linseed. However, the average productivity in the country is very low as compared to other linseed growing countries. Among the various causes of low yield, lack of suitable variety is one of the most important factors. Although some breeding programme has been executed to improve genetical potential of linseed, it is not sufficient for the growing demand of the farmers. The present investigation was carried out to identify suitable yield component characters for selection on the basis of various variability parameters and also to identify suitable parents for hybridization programme on the basis of combining ability studies. Correlation studied and heterosis were also investigated to know the better genetic behavior of this crop. A modified line x tester design was framed to get the above genetical information’s. The total breeding material for this investigation comprised of fifteen genetically diverse genotypes used as females, two well established males of different genetic base and thirty crosses thus obtained by crossing 15 females and 2 males. All the thirty crosses along with seventeen parents totaling fourth seven genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during rabi 1995-96 for eleven quantitative characters following standard agronomic practices. The observation data obtained were utilized in analysing various genetic parameters for all the characters following standard methods: The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the seventeen parents and among the thirty crosses for all the characters studied. This indicated the inherent genetic differences among parents as well as crosses The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations was higher in parents than the crosses for all the characters studied except number of seeds per capsule. Plant breeders are mainly concerned with the genotypic coefficient of variation and it was found in considerable amount for the characters number of capsules per plant, seed yield per plant, 1000- seed weight and number of secondary branches per plant.ThesisItem Open Access Study of Variability Correlation And Path Analysis in Upland Rice ( Oriza ativa L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Mrs. Pushpa Kumari; Dr. D.N. SinghThe variability, correlation and path analysis studies were made in a collection of fifty genotypes with control variety birsa gora 102 of rice (oryza sativa L.) for ten quantitative characters. Analysis of variance indicated highly significant variations among the genotypes for the characters, days to 50 percent flowering, days to 100 percent flowering. Plant height, length of panicle, number of spikelet per and grain yield per plant. The range of variation observed in ten characters indicated a wide range of variations within characters. Highest range was observed in character, grain yield per plant and lowest in days to 100 percent flowering. The coefficient of variation was highest for number of tiller per plant followed by grain yield per panicle and number of spikelet per panicle. Days to 100 percent flowering had the lowest coefficient of variation followed by 1000-grain weight and days to 50 percent flowering. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were high for the characters grain yield per plant, grain yield per panicle, number of spikelet per panicle and number of tiller per plant. The estimates of heritability in broad sense was highest for the character 1000-grain weight followed by day to 100 percent flowering and grain yield per plant. The character number of tiller per plant expressed lowest estimate of heritability.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies of Some Quantitative Characters in Maize (zea mays L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Nitish De; D.K.GanguliThe present investigation entitled "Genetic studies of some quantitative characters in mize (Zen mys L.)" was carried out with a set of eleven mize genotypes which were crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals. The fifty five crosses along with their parents and two checks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during kharif 1994 to study variability, heterosis, combining ability and gene action for eleven quantitative plant characters, and also the yield prediction of double cross and synthetics that could be constituted for future utilization. The observation data over replication were utilized in analysing various genetic parameters. Estimmtes of combining ability for various characters ware done following dinllel (11 x 11) after Griffing (19560) as well an by line x tester (B lines x 3 testers) after Kempthorne (1957) taking some eleven genotypes in the two CASOS. Highly significant differences among the parents, and among the crosses were observed for all the characters. The mean values of the crosses were more than the parental for all the characters except for days to 50 per cent silk. mean Grain yield per plant, car height, number of kernels per car, number of kernels per row and ear length showed considerable phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. The heritability estimates in broad sense for all the characters were higher in parents than the crosses. No character was found to have high heritability estimate together with high genetic advance. The extent of heterosis over mid-parent, better parent and two checks (Ganga Safed-2 and Suwan) for different characters varied considerably. Most of the crosses were found to give negative heterosis over the check varieties in mjority of the characters, however in case of days to 50 per cent silk, days to maturity, car girth and 100-kernel weight most of the crosses showed positive standard heterosis. Highest and significant positive standard heterosis over better check (Susan) for grain yield was observed in the cross BAU-8312 x CM-4385 (24.49 %). Heterosis for grain yield found to be associated with simultaneous heterosis in other component characters which differed in different crosses. However, 100-kernel weight, plant height and ear girth were the three commonest characters associated with heterosis for yield. The combining ability studies indicated the importance additive and non-additive gene actions in the expression characters, although The non-additive. gene action predominated, and the presence of over-dominance was observed in all the characters under both the mting designs except for days. to 50 per cent silk in diallel only.. The genotype BAU-SW/82 was the best general combiner for grain yield followed by BAU-8312, CM-4385 and BAU-W.Pool. The lines which were superior combiners for grain yield were also superior cabiners for one or more yield components. The crosses viz., BAU-8312 x CM-4385, CM-4357 x CM-600, CM-600 x BAU-W.Pool, BAU-SW/82 x CML-4386 and BAU-SW/82 x CML-4385 were the best specific cross combinations for grain yield per plant. under diallel analysis while CM-der* CM-600, CM-4373 x CM-600 and CM-4386 x BAU-W.Pool were best, line x tester analysis. CM-4357 x CM-600 being common one. Crosses showing high sca for grain yield also exhibited high sca for some component characters. In the comparative study between two mating designs the best general combiner for grain yield (BAU-SW/82) was the same. The estimates of various genetic components were also more or less similar in most of the characters under both diallel and line x tester analyses. The best specific cross combinations for yield and other characters. slightly differed in two methods of analyses. The per se performance of parents were found to be correlated with the gca effects for all the characters except for ear girth under diallel analysis whereas no such relation was found in line x tester analysis except for days to 50 per cent silk. However, the per se performance of the crosses showed parallel relationship with the sca effects for all the characters unler both the methods of unlysos. The best predicted double cross hybrid was (BAU-SW/82 x BAU-8312) x (CM-4385 x CL-4386) with an estimated yield of 61.69 q/ha and was 9.81 per cent higher than the better check Suwan (56.18 q/ha). Single cross hybrids gave better yield performance over the predicted double cross hybrids and synthetics. Top single crossos for grain yield do not constitute to give prodicted top double. cross yield. The predicted yield of all the syntheties were found lower than the check Suwan.ThesisItem Open Access Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (linum usitatissimum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.TrivediLinseed is predominantly a aulogamous crop of industrial significance inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed , the productivity under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability , heterosis and correlation through diallel analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing stated were obtained from project co-ordinator(Linseed) chandra shekhar Azad university of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, These varieties were crossed in 8x8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids .These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression , combining ability and correlation.
