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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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1984 - 198913
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Subject: Plant Breeding × End date: 1989 × Start date: 1984 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on Natural and induced variations in some barley varieties (hordeum vulgure L.) and their hybrids
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Manigopa Chakrabarty; P. K. Sinha
    Natural and gamma-ray induced variability’s for twelve quantitative characters were studied in 5 hulled and 6 hull less varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and some of the 72 crosses between the hulled and hull-less types. The quantitative characters studied, were (1) germination percent, (ii) final survival percent, (111) heading date, (iv) days to 50% flowering. (v) plant height, (vi) number of tillers per plant, (vii) number of effective tillers per plant, (viii) length of mature spike, (1x) am length, (x) number of spikelets per spike, (xi) 1,000 grain weight and (x11) grain yield per plant. The studies revealed that the degree of phenotypic variability was different for different characters and was dependent upon the genotype and the generation of the population studied. Heritable and non-heritable components of variation were ascertained with the help of suitable genetic parameters such as, genetic co-efficient of variation, heritability (in broad sense) and expected genetic advance. Analysis of variance indicated that there were higher genotypic co-efficient of variation in treated parental and F2 populations than in the respective untreated ones for six characters viz., germination percent, final survival percent, heading date, days to 50% flowering, plant height and grain yield per plant. But between the two irradiated populations, parental population had higher genotypic co-efficient of variation than the F2 population. This indicates the scope of mutagen treatment of the parental materials in increasing variability for the above mentioned characters. For the remaining six characters, there were higher genotypic co-efficient of variation in normal (untreated) F2 populations as compared to the irradiated F2 population. But in case of parental types the genotypic co-efficient of variation were higher in the irradiated populations as compared to the normal (untreated) ones. This suggests that there is better scope of increasing variability’s for these characters through hybridization alone (i.e. in F₂ population) or by treating the parental seeds with mutagen without having recourse to hybridization. Heritability estimates and genetic advance also varied widely depending upon the characters, the generation as well as the genotype under study. It may, therefore be, concluded that in any breeding programme for yield improvement, one has to seek suitable methods for increasing the range of variability in the yield contributing characters. This in turn, would form a base from which selections can be made. To achieve this end, one can have recourse either to mutagen treated (induced) variability in the parental population itself or to inter varietal hybridization.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation Of Different Wheat Genotypes On Physiological Parameters For Higher Yield
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Baidhya Nath Sahu; P.C. Agrawal
    Twenty varieties of bread wheat ( T. aestivum L.) were grown during Rabi season 1986-87 in the randomized block design under three replication and medium fertility levels. One meter row lengths of plants were randomly selected for recording observations on germination count, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio. Ten mother shoots were randomly selected for recording observations on plant height, length of ear, and number of grains per ear and grain weight per ear. Observations on number of ear, ear weight and grain yield were recorded from one square meter randomly selected units. Leaf area increased markedly in all the varieties up to 40 DAS when the observations were terminated. In general, the early maturing varieties like BW 11, HUW 234, HP 1209, etc. had a larger leaf area to start with and this difference persisted up to 40 DAS, though with a decreasing magnitude. The yield was found positively and significantly correlated with leaf area. A similar trend was observed with dry matter accumulation. The varieties with larger leaf area showed higher dry matter accumulation and was also found positively correlated with yield. The variety BW 11 proved the best with regard to these two characters. It was on par with HUW 234 and HD 2402 d th regard to leaf area (40 DAS) HUM 234, HD 2402 HD 2385. DL 233-7 HP 1209 HDR 43. HI 1114 and Sonalika for dry matter accumulation (40 DAS).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN EARLY VARIETIES OF MAIZE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1988) RAI, Rama Shankar; GANGULI, D.K.
    Six open pollinated early maize varieties from diffe rent regions of our country comprised the base materials for the present investigation. The six varieties and their 15 's in a diallel set (excluding reciprocals) with an early check variety were grown in randomized block design under rainfed situation. The mean performance of parents and crosses and the expression of heterosis over mid-parent and better parent for nine characters were evaluated against the check variety through simple analysis of variance. The only variety A-76 (46.80 q/ha) significantly out yielded the check variety BALL-8041 (36.47 q/ha). Out of many significantly superior cross combinations over chock variety, J-2030 x BAU-7917(52.30 q/ha) was the best. Heterosis was studied in 15 F cross combinations. For most of the characters the average heterosis was positive. The range and extent of heterosis for important characters were substantive. Heterosis for grain yield was quite high. A diallel analysis of combining ability revealed pre dominant role of additive gene effects for days to silk and kernel rows/ear while other characters were predominantly controlled by non-additive gene action. The variety J-2030 was found to be best combiner for grain yield, ear length, kernel rows/ear and number of kornels/ear. Diara was good combiner for reduced maturity duration. The cross M-43 x Navin had the highest positive s.c.a. effect and was the best heterotic cross (37.9%) over better parent for grain yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    VARIABILITY STUDIES OF SOME PROMISING LINES OF SOYBEAN
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1988) MAHTO, JAY LAL; HAIDER, Z.A.
    Forty soybean genotypes collected from different eco logical regions of the country were taken for the present investigation. Thirteen yield attributing parameters were considered for variability studies, correlation and path co-efficient analysis. Study on analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters, except the leaf area. Plant height, leaf area, member of leaflets per plant, days to maturity, seed yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and number of clusters per plant showed wide range of phenotypic variability. Leaf area, member of seeds per plant and number of pods per plant exhibited high genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variation. Though heritability in broad sense was high for all the parameters except the leaf area, the genetic advance in per cent of mean was high for member of pods per plant, plant height, and number of leaflets per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of clusters per plant, seed yield and primary branches. Correlation studies revealed that seed yield had strong positive association with member of seeds per plant, miner of clusters per plant, plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. There was, however, weak positive association with member of pods per cluster at phenotypic level but it was strong at genotypic level, whereas 100 seed weight had weak positive correlation with seed yield at both the levels. Path co-efficient analysis revealed that number of pods per cluster, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per plant, days to maturity and plant height had positive direct effect on seed yield. 100 seed weight, though, had highest direct positive effect but the indirect effect via mimber of seeds per pod and days to maturity was highly negative. Indi rect positive effects on seed yield via days to maturity, plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per plant and number of prosper cluster were also considerable. Present investigation, thus, indicates that number of clusters per plant, plant height and days to maturity may be considered in selection for increasing seed yield in soybean.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INDUCED GENETIC VARIABILITY IN BLACKGRAM
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1988) Bhattacharyya, RUPASRI; Haque, Fazlaul
    The success of breeding programme in a crop in dependent upon sufficient genetic variability for the characters under selection. Sufficient variability in a species can be created through induction of mutations. Backgram (imamunce L. Hepper is one of the most important pulse crops in India. Lack of sufficient genetic variability has been one of the major bottlenecks in the improvement of this crop. In the present investigation, dry and healthy seeds from M₂ generation of two varieties vin.. T-9 and No.55 of blackgram which were treated with 0.1% DIS (4 hrs), 0.2% EMS (4 hrs), 0.1% des (4 hrs), 0.2% dzs (4 hrs) and 0.1% 5S (2 hrs) + 0.2% des (2 hrs) respectively were used to study the induced genetic variability in blackgram. In order to study the induced genetic variability on various quantitative traits, mean, phenotypic variance, standard error of mean, genotypic variance, heritability in broad sense and co-efficient of variability were measured. In general there was increase variability for different quantitative traits in the treated populations of both the varieties as compared to control. Increase genetic variability and heritability were observed in different doses of mutagen for different quantitative characters. There was increase in co-efficient of variability for almost all the characters as compared to their respective controls. Different doses of these two chemical mutagens were required to increase variability for different quantitative characters in both the varieties. This suggests the need to study variability in different quantitative characters in a variety with different doses of chemical mutagens and their combined effect. It may, therefore, be suggested that in case of variety T-9, plant height in 0.1% dEs treatment, number of secondary branches per plant in 0.2% is treatment, number of pods per cluster in 0.1% dEs treatment, pod length in 0.1% MS treatment, number of seeds per pod in 0.2% 4Es treatment, 100-seed weight in 0.1% des treatment and seed yield in combined treatment are suit able for selection, whereas in case of No.55 only two characters vis. days to maturity in 0.2% dEs treatment and number of clusters per plant in 0.1% EMS treatment are suitable for selection.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES IN RICE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1988) SINGH, AMRENDRA PRASAD; Prasad, S.C.
    In the present investigation two pigmented varieties Purple gora and V-20A were crossed with two non pigmented varieties R.A.U.4045-10 and IR 62. Two crosses R.A.U.4045-10 x purple gore and V 20 x IR 62 were used. The purpose of the present study was to find out the numbers of genes involved in the expression of anthocyanin pigmentation in twelve different plant parts in cross R.A.U. 4045-10 x Purple gora and nine plant parts in cross V-20A x IR 62. The pleiotropic gene action and linkage studies between genes governing the pigmentation in different plant parts in both the crosses were studies. The investigation revealed that from one to four pair of gene are involved in the expression of anthocyanin pågnen - tation in different plant parts in both the crosses. The anthocyanin pigmentation of leaf sheath, leaf axil, apiculus and stigma were found to be tetragenic (162 purple 94 green), leaf blade, leaf margin and tip, ligule, auricle and Junctura were governed by three complementary genes (27 purple : 37 green). The pigmentation in node and internode were controllled by two complementary genes (9 purple : 7 green), and hull color by two homozygous recessive gene ( 1 brown : 15 straw) in cross R.A.U.4045-10 x Purple gora. In second cross V-20A X IR 62. anthocyanin pigmentation of leaf sheath, leaf margin and tip, node, apiculus and stigns were governed by four complementary genes in a ratio of 162 purple 94 green, ligule colour by one recessive gene (1 purple 3 green), auricle, and junctura by four genes (117 purple : 139 green) and the inter node by four genes ( 27 purple 229 green). The joint segregation study between character has given evidence of pleiotropy, complete linkage and incomplete linkage. In cross R.A.U.4045-10 x Purple gora, the genes governing anthocyanin pigmentation in leaf sheath and leaf axil were found to have pleiotropic effects on leaf blade, leaf margin and tip auricle, ligule, juncture and apiculus. The genes governing anthocyanin pigmentation of leaf blade, leaf margin and tip and ligule were found to have pleiotropic effect on the pigmentation of node,stigma and hull colour. The genes for pigmentation in auricle were found to have the pleiotropic effects on the pigmentation of junctura, stigma and hall colour. The genes governing pigmentation of junctura were found to have the pleio tropic effects on the pigmentation of leaf blade, leaf margin and tipe ligule, stigns and hull colour. similarly gene for pigmentation in apiculus affected the expression of pigmentation in stigne. In the second cross V-20A x IR 62 the genes goveming pigmentation of leaf sheath had the pleiotropic effect on the leaf margin and tip, internode, apiculus and stigns. The genes for pigmented leaf margin and tip showed the pleiotropic effects on the pigmented auricle, ligule, juncture, node and internode. The genes for pigsented auricle ligule and junctura showed the pleiotropic effect on the pigmentation of apiculusand stigns. The genes governing the pigmentation of node was found to have the pleiotropic effects on the pigmented inter node. The genes for pigmented apiculus and stigns were found have pleiotropic effects on node and internode. The Leaf sheath with leaf axil, leaf sheath with stigna, leaf axil with stigna, leaf blade with leaf margin and tip, leaf blade with ligule and leaf margin and tip with ligula vere found completely linked in cross R.A.U.4045-10 x Purple gore. In cross V-20A x IR 62 the leaf margin and tip dthapiculus and stigns and apiculus with stigns were found completely linked. In cross R.A.U.4045-10 x Purple gora leaf sheath and leaf axil were found to be linked dth node, internode end hull colour. Leaf blade, leaf margin, tip and ligule were found to be linked d th internode and apiculus. Jucicle was found to be linked with leaf blade leaf margin and tip, ligule, node, internode and apiculus. Junctura was found to be linked with node, internode and apiculus. Node was found to be linked with internode apiculus and stigna. Internode was found to be linked with apiculus and stigna. Apiculum and stigma were found to be linked with hull colour. In the second cross V-20 x IR-62 leaf sheath was found to be linked dth auricle, junctura and node. Auricle was found to be linked with node. Ligule was found to be linked with node. Ligule was also found to be linked with auricle juncture and internode. linked with auricle and node. Juncture was also
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY AND CORRELATION STUDIES IN SOME VARIETIES OF COTTON
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1987) SINGH, NARESH KUMAR; Kerketta, VIOLET
    The present investigations were undertaken on collection of 48 varieties of cotton belonging to species of Gossypiumhirsutum L. to explore genetic variability, diversity and correlation coefficient of some economic characters, so that they further can be utilized for breeding programme and also for selection. The analysis of variance for 10 characters showed that all the character except number of bolls per plant, number of sympodial branches and widget of seed cotton per plant differ significantly. The heritable and non-heritable variations were ascertained with the help of genetic parameters like genetic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for number of monopodial branches and substantially high for 100 seed weight, weight of seed cotton per plant number of bolls per plant, height of plant, number of sympodial branches and days to first flowering. The genotypic coefficient of variation was highest for number of sympodial branches and high for height of plant, number of bolls per plant, and 100 seed weight. The high heritability was observed for halo length, ginning percentage, 100 seed weight, number of monopodialbranches, days to first flowering, height of plant, and weight of seed cotton per plant. The estimate of genetic advance was high for height of plant, daye to first boll opening and number of monopodial branches. The estimate of genetic advance in percent of mean was very high for number of monopodial branches and it was observed high for 100 seed weight, height of plant, halo length, and days to first flowering. In the study of genetic diversity it was found that the 48 entries fall under 17 clusters. Containedmaximum number of treatments. The first cluster The second third and eleventh cluster contained more than one genotype The distribution of different treatments in clusters revealed that the genetic diversity does not depend on the geographical diversity. The highest intracluster distance was observed for cluster number three. The intercluster distance was maximum between cluster four and cluster five and maximum cluster distance was between cluster twelve and cluster sixteen. The character ginning percentage c contributed maximum divergence. The other character contributing towards divergence in descending order were halo length, 100 seed weight, number of monopodial branches, height of plant, days to first flowering, number of sympodial branches, days to first boll opening, weight of seed cotton per plant and number of bolls per plant. The phenotypic and genotypic correlation among the ten characters revealed that halo length, days to first flowering days to first boll opening, number of monopodial branches are the important components of seed cotton yield. The result obtained in the present investigation indicated that halo length, days to first flowering, days to first boll opening and number of monopodial branches are the yield components. These can be used as the indicator for improving the cotton varieties. These four characters were correlated with yield and also have high value of heritability genetic advance and genetic advance in percent of mean. In the genetic diversity also, it was observed that the above four charactem contribute more towards divergence. The four characters may also be utilised for breeding programme in cotton improvement.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CORRELATION AND DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN NIGER
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1987) RAM, SOHAN; TRIVEDI, H.B.P.
    NIGER (Guizotiaabyssinica, Cass) is a minor oilseed crop and cannot be further ignored by scientist in the present day scarcity of edible oil in general and tribal agriculture in particular. Success in the improvement in any crop is dependent upon the availability of information’s on the extent of variability, nature of correlation among various yield attributes and the extent of genetic diversity in the crop-population. forniger crop. These basic information’s are lacking Keeping all these in view the present investigation was carried out in 162-germplasm lines obtained from Niger Research Scheme. The experiment was conducted in western section of Ranchi Agricultural College Farm during kharif 1984. A wide range of variability was noticed for almost all characters, mainly for number of secondary and primary branches, seed yield and plant height. Genotypic coefficient of variation was appreciable in number of secondary branches, seed yield and number of capitulum per plant. High heritability associated with high genetic advance was recorded for plant height, capitulum diameter and number of secondary branches. Selection based on these characters was suggested for the improvement. Correlation studies revealed stronger association of almost all characters at genotypic level than corresponding characters at phenotypic level. Seed yield had shown strong and favourable relationship with number of capitulum per plant, plant height and number of secondary branches. Capitulum diameter and number of primary branches were positively but moderately associated with seed yield. Association between days flower and seed yield was negative. The path analysis revealed that number of capitulum and capitulum diameter had high and favourable direct and indirect effect to the seed yield. Genetic divergence study revealed that 161 germplasms were clustered in 32 chesters irrespective of their origin. Geographic diversity, though important, but was not solely responsible for genetic diversity. Many potential parents were identified for use in crossing programme for the improvement of the characters: For improvement of yield Comp-2-3-4, KIC-27, Ghoti No-2, NO-71, for number of capitulum and number of secondary branches. KIC-24, KIC-17, and Comp-2-3-4 were recognized as potential parents. The characters such as 1000-seed weight, days to mature, capitulum diameter, plant height and yield per plant were the potential factors contributed a lot towards divergence. It is suggested that selection based on number of capitulum per plant, plant height and number of secondary branches independently or jointly may be effective to increase seed yield in niger crop. Hybridization programme for the improvement of seed yield may be suggested with the use of Comp-2-3-4, KIC-17, KIC-24, KIC-27, NO-71 as the potential parents, for improvement in various yield components.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MUTAGENIC STUDIES IN RICE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1985) SINGH, MAYANGLAMBAM GOJENDRA; Singh, M.P..
    Radio genetical studies in rice (Oryza sativa L.) received a fairly wide importance since 1934 as is evident from the pioneering studies of Ramiah and his associates in India and those of Ichijima in Japan. The increased application of physical mutagens attained prominence in the 'Atom Era' of the forties and fifties which contributed to the isolation of a large number of mutants in various crops including rice. In the present study, dry and dormant seeds of six rice varieties, viz. Archana, BR8, Ch1039, Ratna, IR36 and Sita were treated with different doses of gamma rays like 12 Kr, 24 Kr, 36 Kr and 48 Kr and studies were made in M, and M₂ generations with the ultimate object of creating variability and to find out whether varietal differences exist for mutability and radio sensitivity in such varieties. In the generation, germination of seeds were found to be reduced in treated lines and a linear negative correlation between radiation doses and germination percentage were also observed. The variety BRB was found to be the most radiosensitive whereas Archana the least. The shoot and root length was drastically reduced in higher doses in all the varieties under experiment. Ratna was the most affected variety in respect of shoot length while Archana and BR8 in root length. The shoot:root ratio increased with increasing doses in all the varieties excepting Ch1039 and Ratna where the increase was upto 36 Kr and thereafter it decreased. In general it was found that gamma rays have more influence on root than on the shoot. A linear negative correlation was observed with radiation dose and seedling survival. Ratna showed the most drastic effect with only 26 percent seedling survival at 48 Kr while Ch1039 and IR36 showed the least the (60 percent) survival. Seedling height at 25 day after treatment was also found to be reduced in all the varieties while Ratna affected most drastically and Ch1039 the least. The filled grain percentage per panicle and the dose was found to have a linear relationship with a negative correlation in all the varieties. Ratna and Archana were the most sensitive and resistant varieties, respectively. The plant survival percentage at maturity decreased with increase in radiation doses in all the varieties. Among the varieties Ratna was found to be the most radiosensitive and BR2 the least. In the 1₂ generation chlorophyll mutation frequency increased with increase in radiation doses. The mutation frequency were higher then determined in terms of H₁ plant basis than in M, panicle basis. Thechlorophyll mutants isolated were: (1) Albina, (11) Xantha, (111) Virina-xanthescens, (iv) Xantha-virescens, (v) Alboviridis, (vi) Striata and (vii) Tigrina. Albinaoccured most frequently and Tigrina most rarely. Variation in quantitative characters like days to 50% flowering,number of effective tillers, panicle length, plant height, grain shape and size and 100 grain weight were also obtained with both increase and decrease in the mean value and co-efficient of variation in all the varieties. Quite a large number of morphological mutants like bend node mutant, extended glumes, multi-leafy branches, grassy mutants, twisted flag leaf were also isolated.