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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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20186
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Subject: Horticulture × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN TARO [Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum (L.) Schott.]
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) KUMAR, ASHISH; Sengupta, S.
    Taro [Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum (L.)Schott.] is one of the important tuberous vegetable of the world and known as "Great leaved Caladium" or "Elephant ear "in English, "Dasheen" in USA, "cocoyam" in West Africa. In India, taro is extensively grown in Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam and Orissa. It is also popular in North eastern states of India and successfully grown throughout the region due to its adaptability to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions. Colocasia being kharif crop is liable to be highly infested with weeds which is extremely hazardous both in terms of crop health as well as productivity. It has been well established that the yield loss due to weeds is quite higher (60-70%). Even though taro is having much economic importance, but there is very little information available regarding the Integrated weed management practices for its maximum quality and quantity. An investigation to study the “Integrated weed management in Taro [Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum (L.) Schott.]” was carried out in the experimental farm of Department of Horticulture, Ranchi Agriculture College, Birsa Agricultural University during kharif season of 2017 with an objective to identify the different weed flora, to evaluate the response of different herbicides and cultural methods of weed control, growth, yield and the attributing traits of taro and to determine the economics of different integrated weed control methods in taro. The treatments consisted of 13 different weed control methods, viz. Pre emergence herbicide Atrazine @ 1kg a.i. ha-1 at 2 DAS (T1), Pre emergence herbicide Oxyflourfen @ 200g a.i. ha-1 at 2DAS (T2), Post emergence herbicide Paraquat @ 0.5kg a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS (T3), Handweeding at 3 and 8 WAS (T4), Pre emergence herbicide Atrazine @ 1kg a.i. ha-1 at 2DAS+ Handweeding at 12 WAS (T5), Pre emergence herbicide Oxyflourfen @ 200g a.i. ha-1 at 2DAS+ Handweeding at 12 WAS (T6), Post emergence herbicide Paraquat @ 0.5kg a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS+ Handweeding at 12 WAS (T7), Sesbania @ 50kg ha-1 broadcasted at the time of sowing and incorporated at 60 DAS (T8), Straw mulch @ 7 tonnes ha-1 at the time of sowing (T9), Transparent plastic mulch @ 40kg ha-1 at the time of sowing (T10), Black plastic mulch @ 40 kg ha-1 at the time of sowing (T11), Weedfree check -Manual Handweeding at fortnightly interval (T12), Weedy check (T13) were laid out in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. Results revealed that among all the categories, broad leaved weeds dominated the field followed by narrow leaved and sedges weeds. Weed density and dry weight were significantly reduced by different weed management methods. The lowest weed density (0.00 weed m-2 at 45 DAS, 32.00 weeds m-2 at 90 DAS and 117.33 weeds m-2 at 135 DAS) and lowest weed dry matter (0.00 gm-2 at 45 DAS, 13.72 gm-2 at 90 DAS and 34.65 g m-2 at 135 DAS) were recorded under (Black plastic mulch) T11. Maximum weed control efficiency (100.00 %, 98.08 % and 93.65 %) at 45, 90 and 135DAS was found in Black plastic mulch (T11). Minimum weed index 0.00 % was found in Black plastic mulch (T11). All weed management practices significantly improved the yield of tuber over weedy check. Maximum height of plant was recorded in Sesbania incorporated at 60 DAS (T8), followed by Black plastic mulch (T11). Maximum Girth of stem, Length and breadth of leaves, Number of leaves per plant, Leaf area index, Length and girth of mother corms and cormels, Number of mother corms and cormels per plant were recorded in Black plastic mulch (T11). Minimum incidence of Phytophthora leaf blight was recorded in Black plastic mulch (T11) followed by Weed free check (T12). Highest TSS (5.73°Bricks) was recorded under Weedy check (T13) in which no weeding was done while highest Ascorbic acid 13.06 mg 100g-1 was recorded under Oxyflourfen (T6). The maximum tuber yield (16.62 t ha-1) were recorded under Black plastic mulch (T11) followed by Weed free check (T12) 16.24 t ha-1. Highest net return (Rs 196677.00 ha-1), highest Marginal return per rupee (B:C ratio) [2.45] were recorded in Black plastic mulch (T11). However, the lowest Marginal return per rupee (B:C ratio) [1.68] was recorded in the Weedy check (T13). Highest weed population, weed dry matter and lowest tuber yield, net return and Marginal return per rupee (B:C ratio) were recorded under weedy check (T13). Thus, on the basis of results obtained in one year investigation (2017-18) it can be concluded that mulches, herbicides and hand weeding have potential of effective weed management in taro. After analysing the data it is concluded that the best treatments were black plastic mulch followed by Weed free check. Hence, black plastic mulch was found as the most promising treatment in order to get better vegetative growth higher productivity and profitability of taro owing to better weed control. However, as these results are based on one year data, it needs verification for at least one more year for making definite recommendation to the growers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TARO [Colocasiaesculenta var. antiquorum(L.)Schott.]
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Ranjan, Navin Kumar; Sengupta, S.
    Among the tuber crop produced, colocasia [Colocasia esculenta (L.) schott.], a member of family Araceae which is native to south central Asia is one of the important tuber crop particularly grown in Africa and Asia and occupies a very selective and special position. It is also known as Taro, Arvi, Katchu and eddode. Africa ranks first in area and production of colocasia and in India colocasia is favourite among Gujarat, Konkan region of Maharashtra and several other parts of south India. It is mainly cultivated for the edible cormels but the leaves and its young petioles are also cooked and used like spinach. Corms of colocasia are rich in carbohydrate and protein and nearly one and half time more nutritious than potato. Globally, it is among the important food crops in the world after wheat, rice, maize, Irish potato and barley. It ranks second following Irish potato in the world’s root and tuber crop production. Though, agronomical practices for taro has been standardized and there is always demand for enhancing its yield from the growers. Hence, the present investigation has been formulated to find out feasibility of increment in yield of taro by means of application of growth regulators on the till date most accepted variety of taro, Muktakeshi by the growers in the state of Jharkhand. It is light brown skin coloured high yielding and itching free choicest variety of farmers of state of Jharkhand. The investigation was conducted in the Horticulture Research unit during Kharif season of 2017 with five plant growth regulators viz. GA3, NAA, IAA, Ethrel and Maleic Hydrazide (MH) in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. The inference of data revealed that GA3 @ 200 ppm exhibited highest plant height (95.68cm), girth of stem (26.46 cm), number of leaves (6.94) and LAI (1.75). Due to better vegetative growth traits the treatment receiving GA3 @ 200 ppm also showed better Yield attributes and Yield (15.38 t/ha). GA3 @ 100 ppm and IAA @ 25 ppm were emerged as second and third ranker respectively better vegetative traits and Yield attributes and hence marginal return per rupee (B:C ratio) of 2.53:1 and 2.44:1 compared to the best treatment i.e. GA3 @ 200 ppm with B:C ratio of 2.61:1 and control with fetched least B:C ratio of 1.94:1. Hence, on the basis of overall observations GA3 @ 200 ppm has been identified as promising one for profitable cultivation of taro in the state of Jharkhand.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF WEED CONTROL METHODS ON WEED DYNAMICS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF ONION (Allium cepa L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Hembrom, Pratibha; Horo, Punam
    Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important vegetable crop all over the world. Among the vegetable crops listed by FAO (Brewster, 1973), Onion falls second only to tomatoes in term of tonnes per annum world production. Average yield of bulb onions ranges from around 30 t per hectare in North West Europe to less than 8 t/ha as an average in developing countries (Brewster, 1977). India ranks second after china in area and production, having 1,225 thousand hectare area of land under onion crop with production of 20,991 MT. (National Horticulture Board, 2016-2017). According to MOFPI (Ministry for food Processing Industries Government of India), Overall crop-wise vegetable production A field experiment entitled “Effect of weed control methods on weed dynamics and productivity of onion (Allium cepa L.)”, was carried out on sandy loam soil, acidic in reaction (pH 5.9), having low organic carbon (4.2 g kg-1) and available nitrogen (243 kg ha-1) with medium available phosphorus (19.15 kg ha-1) and exchangeable potassium (188.16 kg ha-1) during the experiment period at Birsa Agricultural University farm, Ranchi to study the efficacy of weed control methods on weed dynamics, productivity and profitability of onion production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design. The 9 treatments comprised of T1 (Plastic mulch), T2 (Available weed mulch), T3 (Paddy straw mulch), T4 (Coriander cover crops), T5 (Oxyflourfen), T6 (Pendimethalin), T7(Mechanical weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAT) , T8 (Handweeding at 20, 40, and 60 DAT) and T9 weedy check respectively replicated thrice. Onion variety Nasik N-53 was grown as a test crop with spacing 10 x 20 cm. The experimental site was infested with all three categories of weeds broad leaved, grassy and sedge weeds respectively. In this experiment, observation recorded that highest plant height (19.39 cm, 34.02cm, and 42.32cm at 30,60 and 90 DAT), number of leaves (2.66, 4.00 and 7.20 at 30 , 60 and 90 DAT ), neck thickness ( 1.96, 4.33 and 4.13 at 30, 60 and 90 DAT ) was recorded in Plastic mulch at all the growth stages and lowest was recorded in weedy check. The maximum bulb diameter, bulb neck thickness, bulb weight, plant population per square meter was recorded in Plastic mulch which was at par with Pendimethalin and Oxyflourfen while the minimum was recorded in weedy check. The maximum weed control efficiency and minimum weed control index (10.48%) was shown by Plastic mulch. However, maximum net return (273617.00 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.2) was recorded in Plastic mulch. Hence, on the basis of one year data it can be concluded that application of Plastic mulch which reduce the irrigation problems and yield also followed by pendimethalin followed by Oxyflourfen may be practiced for better crop growth, higher productivity and profitability of Onion owing to better weed control efficiency.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN ELEPHANT FOOT YAM [Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson] cv. Gajendra
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumar, Rishu; Singh, V.R.
    Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst. Nicolson) [Elephant foot yam] is largely cultivated in the Philippines, Java, Indonesia, Sumatra, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India and China. In India, it is cultivated in Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand. Gajendra, Bidhan Kusum and Sree Padma are some of the high yielding Amorphophallus varieties released for cultivation in India. The production potential of this crop is 50-80 t ha-1 and net economic return is over 1.5 lakh rupees ha-1. In India, grown over an area of 29 (000’ ha) with an average production of 748 (000’ MT) and productivity 26 MT ha-1. Keeping this factor in view the present investigation was carried out in the experimental farm of Department of Horticulture, Ranchi Agriculture College, Birsa Agricultural University during during kharif season of 2017 with objective to identify the different weed flora, to evaluate the response of different herbicides and cultural method of weed control, growth, yield and the attributing traits of elephant foot yam and to determine the economics of different weed control method in Elephant foot yam. The treatments consisted of 9 different weed control methods, viz. T1 (Pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin @1kg a.i. ha-1 at 1DAP + Post emergence herbicide glyphosate 1kg a.i./ha at 45 and 90 DAP), T2 (Pre emergence herbicide pendimethalin @ 1kg a.i./ha at 1DAP + hand weeding 45 and 90 DAP), T3 (Raising green manure cow pea in interspaces along with planting and incorporation 45-60 DAP + post emergence herbicide glyphosate @ 1kg a.i ha-1 at 90 DAP), T4 (Hand weeding 45 DAP + post emergence herbicide glyphosate @ 1kg a.i ha-1 at 90 DAP), T5 (Post emergence herbicide glyphosate @ 1kg a.i. ha-1 at 30, 60 and 90 DAP), T6 (Weed control ground cover @ 50 kg ha-1), T7 (Black plastic mulch), T8 (Hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 DAP), T9 (weedy check) were laid out in Randomized Block Design with replicated thrice. Results revealed that among all the categories, broad leaved dominated followed by grassy and sedges weeds. Weed density and dry weight were significantly reduced by weed management methods. The lowest weed density (0.00 m-2 at 90 and 120 DAP and 26.67 m-2 at 150 DAP) and lowest weed dry matter (0.00 m-2 at 90 and 120 DAP and 13.56 m-2 at 150 DAP) were recorded under black plastic mulch (T7). Maximum weed control efficiency (100 percent, 100 percent, 95.52 percent at 90, 120 and 150 DAP respectively) were recorded under black plastic mulch (T7). All weed management practices significantly improved the yield of tuber over control (no weeding) [T9]. Maximum height of pseudostem, girth of pseudostem, leaf area, canopy spread, volume of corms and no. of branches were recorded under black plastic mulch (T7) which was statically at par with 3 hand weedings at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (T8) and Glyphosate 1 kg a.i. ha-1 at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (T5) While dry matter percentage of corms and diameter of corms were not significantly influenced by weed competition; however, some treatments increased the value of these parameter compared to control (no weeding). Maximum dry matter percentage (24.08 percent) was also recorded under black plastic mulch (T7) which was statically par with all treatment except control (no weeding). Maximum diameter (horizontal-22.36 cm and vertical-19.37 cm) was also recorded under black plastic mulch (T7) which was statically par with all treatment except T1, T4, T6 and T9. The maximum tuber yield (58.64 t ha-1) were recorded under black plastic mulch (T7) which was statically at par with 3 hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (T8) [52.48 t ha-1] and Glyphosate 1 kg a.i. ha-1 at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (T5) [49.12 t ha-1]. Highest TSS (6.4 brix) recorded under weedy check (no weeding) (T9) while highest ascorbic acid (17.4 mg per 100 gm) recorded under hand weeding at 45 DAP + glyphosate 1kg a.i. ha-1 at 50 DAP (T4). Significant highest net return (` 557906 ha-1) highest B:C ratio (2.15) were recorded by black plastic mulch (T7). However, the lowest B:C ratio (1.11) was recorded in the weedy check (no weeding). Highest weed population, weed dry matter and lowest tuber yield, net return and B:C ratio were recorded under control (no weeding) [T9]. Thus, on the basis of results obtained in one year investigation (2017-18) it can be inferred that mulches, herbicides and hand weeding have potential for reduction in weed density for effective weed management in Amorphophallus under Jharkhand conditions and thereby promoting high yield of elephant foot yam. After analyzing the data it is inferred that the best treatment was black plastic mulch followed by hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 DAP and application of glyphosate 1 kg a.i. ha-1 at 30, 60 and 90 DAP. Hence, black plastic mulch was found as the most promising treatment in order to get better vegetative growth, higher productivity and profitability of elephant foot yam owing to better weed control. However, as these result are based on one year data, it needs verification for at least one more year for making definite recommendation to the growers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS AND VARIETAL PERFORMANCE OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) UNDER RANCHI CONDITION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Rani, Barkha; Nath, Sachindra
    From the present investigation it is concluded that for rhizome yield per plot(Kg), genotypes Mahima(8.46Kg), Ranchi Local(7.8Kg) and Suruchi(7.48Kg) were superior over the check Nadia (7.15 Kg), however, due to low percentage of emergence in genotypes Suprabha (5.76Kg), Himgiri(5.53Kg) and Mizoram Local (4.95Kg) yield per plot was considerably reduced. Also these genotypes viz. Mahima, Ranchi local and Suruchi performed better for other horticultural traits viz. emergence, number of tillers per plant, stem girth, plant height, number of primary and secondary rhizomes per plant, weight of primary rhizomes and secondary rhizomes and length and width of mother rhizome. Hence, these genotypes are superior for selection and crop improvement after further testing.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS AND VARIETAL PERFORMANCE OF TURMERIC (Curcuma longa L.) UNDER RANCHI CONDITION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) ., Sadanand; Misra, Sanyat
    The present experimental work entitled “Evaluation of genetic parameters and varietal performance of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under Ranchi condition” was carried out in the experimental field, Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi (Jharkhand) during Kharif season, 2017, to evaluate 10 genotypes of turmeric including check Rajendra Sonia for different traits. The observations were recorded on emergence, number of tillers and leaves per plant, leaf length and breadth, plant girth and height, length, girth and weight of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, number of primary and secondary rhizomes per plant, yield per plot, yield per ha and dry matter recovery. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Three genotypes Pratibha (23.88 t/ha), BSR-I (21.03 t/ha) and Punjab Haldi (17.96 t/ha) excelled over the check, Rajendra Sonia (12.81 t/ha) for most of the characters including rhizome yield per hectare. In addition, these genotypes performed better for other horticultural traits viz. number of tillers per plant, number of primary and secondary rhizomes per plant, length and girth of mother rhizome and weight of mother rhizome. The correlation coefficients among the different characters at phenotypic and genotypic levels revealed that yield per plot was having significantly positive association with number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, length of mother rhizome, girth and weight of mother rhizome. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain were estimated for weight of secondary and mother rhizomes and yield per plot, indicating that these characters are under additive gene effects and more reliable for effective clonal selection for yield improvement.