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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Some Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn. ) Germplasm, Lines(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Supriya Supal Surin; V. KerkettaFinger millet (Eleusine coracana G.) is one of the important small millet in India as well as in the Jharkhand state. It belongs to the family 'Gramineae with the chromosome number 2n=36. The present investigation was conducted in Dryland Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi during Karif season of 1999. The variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis studies were made in a collection of fifty genotypes of finger millet for ten quantitative characters. The analysis of variance revealed that there is the significant difference among all the lines for all the characters under study. Plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity showed wide range of variability. The characters panicle length, number of fingers per panicle, effective tillers per plant, grain yield per panicle and grain yield per plant recorded the high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability was observed for the characters panicle length, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, grain yield per panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant. Moderate value of heritability observed for plant height, number of fingers and effective tillers per plant. These characters also had high or moderate value of genetic advance as percent of mean. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield per plant was strongly associated with panicle length, days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, grain yield per panicle and harvest index. There was negative correlation between number of fingers per panicle and grain yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis, revealed that the characters plant height, days to 50 percent flowering, number of effective tiller per plant, grain yield per panicle, 1000-grain weight and harvest index effect directly towards the grain yield and the character panicle length and number of finger per panicle effect indirectly towards the grain yield. The result obtained in the present investigation indicated that the characters panicle length, days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, effective tillers per plant, grain yield per panicle and 1000-grain weight are the yield contributing characters in finger millet and may be beneficial for further selection. These characters are correlated either significantly or positively with yield and also have high value of heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean.ThesisItem Open Access Study of Combining Ability And Heterosis in Niger ( Guizotia Abyssinica Cass.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Ekbalaque Ahmad; Sohan RamThe present investigation was undertaken to evaluate nine diverse germplasm lines with the objectives of genetically enhancement of Niger breeding lines in respect of seed yield and important yield contribution characters. Nine line were crossed in daillel fashion .Parents and their 36 F1s were grown in randomized block design with three replication during Kharif 1999. The data was recorded on ten competitive plants for each character which were analyzed for variability heritability genetic advance correlation heterosis and combining ability analysis. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the parent’s parents Vs crosses for most of the characters studied while crossed showed highly significant differences for all characters. Variability study also revealed a wide range of variation for most of the characters. The increased value of cross over parental mean for all characters, except days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity and plant height. The phenotypic and genotypic variance were more in the crosses than in the parents for most of the characters except days to 50 percent flowering and days to maturity. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were greater in crosses than parents except days to maturity and capitulum diameter. The heritability estimates in broad sense were high for most of the characters studied in conjunction with medium genetic advance. In correlation study , the seed yield was found to be positive and significantly correlated with number of primary and secondary branches per plant, capitulum per plant, capitulum diameter and 1000-seed weight. Extent of heterosis varied considerably for different characters. The extent heterotic crosses for different characters were mostly different over mid, better and best-parents. The heterosis over better and best-parents ranged from -35.75 to 35.50 percents for seed yield respectively. The crosses BAUM-1 X BNM1 BNUM1, BNM2, Phule-4 XBNH-1 and GA-10 X BAUM-1 were best cross combination for heterosis over mid, better and best parents while many other crosses were also found to be highly positive significant for heterosis for other yield contributing characters. Mean square due to general and specific combinating ability were highly significant for all characters indicating thereby the involvement of both additive and non additive gene action in expression of these characters. The relative magnitude of o2 sca was higher than that of o2gca for all characters indicaiting preponderance for non – addition genetic variance . The estimates of mean degree of dominance revealed over dominance effect for many yield attributes. Among the parental lines, phule-4, BAUM-1 and GA-10 were adjudged as the best general combiners for seed yield which were highly significant while the parents BAUM-1 CNH_1etc. were found to be best general combiners for most of the plant characters. The best specific cross combination for seed yield were BAUM-1X BNM-1 X BNH2, Phule 4, X BNH1, GA 10X BNM2, BNC 120 X Ootacamund and chh1 X GA-10 had highly positive significant sca effects.ThesisItem Open Access Variability And Correlation Studies in Indian Rape Seed & Mustard..(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Sudeep kumar Singh; D.K. GanguliThe present investigations on the genotypic and phenotypic variability and correlation was carried out for nine characters in forty genotypes of Indian rape taken from different sources. Analysis of variance for nine characters revealed highly significant variations among the genotypes for all the characters. The range of variation observed in nine characters indicated a wide range of variation within characters. Highest range was observed in character, number of secondary branches per plant and lowest in days to maturity. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for number of secondary branches per plant followed by number of siliquae per plant and number of primary branches per plant. Days to maturity had the lowest coefficient of variation followed by days to 50 % flowering. An may be seen from the table the phenotypic and genotypic variances of three characters viz; seed yield per plot, number of siliquae per plant and plant height were quite high. variation was found for number of secondary branches per piant. The character days to maturity had the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. lowest Highest heritability estimates was observed for days t 50% flowering (97.32) followed by plant height (84.13) number of secondary branches per plant (70.61) and days to maturity (70.20). The character number of seeds per silique had the lowest heritability. The expected genetic advance suggested relative differences among the different plant characters studied. The character, seed yield per plot showed highest genetic advance (52.36) followed by plant height (14.23) and number of siliquae per plant (12.15). The character 1000-seed weight showed lowest genetic advance. Genetic advance in percentage of mean was observed to be highest for character number of secondary branches per plant and lowest for the character days to maturity. Highest significant genotypic positive correlation of seed yield per plot was found with the character, number of seeds per siliqua followed by number of primary branches per plant. Positive significant phenotypic correlation of seed yield per plot was found with number of siliquae per plant. Findings of present investigation revealed that selection based on the characters, number of siliquse per plant, number of primary and secondary branches per plant will be more reliable.ThesisItem Open Access Variability And Association Studies in Soybean Glycine Max .L. (Merril)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Shashi Minz; A.K. VermaFortyfive soybean genotypes were grown in a randomized completed block design with three replications during Kharif season of 1995 .The data recorded on eleven quantitative character viz days to first flowering days to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant , days to maturity, number of pods per plant pod length number seed per pod number of seed per plant, 100 Seeds weight and seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant were analyzed to find put the estimate of variability heritability genetic advance correlation coefficients and path coefficients. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all eleven characters. The characters days to first flowering days to 50 % flowering plant height , number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight showed a wede range in their gross variability. The characters number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant and seed yield per plant recorded high phenotypic coefficient as well as genotypic coefficient of variation. Number of primary branch es per plant and plant height showed moderately high coefficient of variation. Heritability for all the characters under study except number of seeds per pod was high. ?Number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant showed high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Seed yield per plant and number of primary branches per plant also showed high genetic advance as cent of mean. Seed yield per plant was strongly correlated with number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant. Correlation between seed yield per plant and days to 50 per cent flowering and also between seed yield per plant and number of primary branches was highly significant. Path coefficeient analysis revealed that the character number of seeds per plant had the maximum direct effect on seed yield per plant .100 seed weight also showed high direct effect on seed yield per plant. High correlation between seed yield paer plant and number of pods per plant was also through number of seeds per plant. It appears that phenotypic selection for number of pods per plant number of seeds per plant and number of primary branched per plant would be useful for all practical purpose in soybeanThesisItem Open Access Cataloguing of Gora Rice Germpl asm(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Abhinandan Singh; Dr. M.P. SinghRice (Drva sativa, L.) is an important and the oldest food crop among all the cultivated crop species in the world. In India, race occupied about 41 million ha and annual production reaches 70 million metric tonnes during 1987. The yield gains in rice production were achieved due to the introduction of high yielding varieties in a big way in the country. Thus, the rapid spread of high yielding semi-dwarf since 1966-67 has greatly narrowed the genetic base of the rice crop. Fortunately the magnitude of genetic erosion is not much in this plateau region of Bihar compared to other parts of the country because the improved v. are confined only to some irrigated area and could not ask much impact in this tribal belt. Rice being cultivated in monsoon, faces problems of adaptation for specific ecosystem. As such, combat these problems breeders are looking for new sources of genetic material for incorporation of multiple resistance for which traditional indices have been found to be major donors. Rice cultivars usually grown under rainfed condition undulating unfunded lands of Chhotanagpur and S.P. region are locally known as gora rice. Such rices are early in maturity possess remarkable capacity to tolerate water stress under drought condition. Thus, collection, conservation and cataloguing of germplasm which is said to be the back bone of any crop improvement, has been felt in case of such gora rices. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to characterize and evaluate the existing collection of gora rices to that catalogue could be prepared for ready reference of breeders working in upland rice improvement programme region of Bihar. of this plateau Direct seeding in dry condition under upland situation was done during 1991 and 1992 in 2 rows plot of 3 metre length for each accession. The inter-row spacing of 30 ca. and plant to plant 20 cm. in each accession and 50 cm. from one to another accession was maintained. Brown Gora 23-19 was also sown in the same way on every 10 accessions for comparison of different traits. Altogether 50 upland gora germplasm were studied in the present investigation for 54 different traits of which 20 are quantitative, 27 are qualitative, 2 are physiological and rest 5 are of biotic stresses. All such characters were summarized with a view to complete a record to prepare a catalogue on gora rice. All such germplasm were also evaluated and compared with the well adapted var. Brown Gora 23-19. Besides, some of the germplase were also selected and discussed for use as donors for many favourable traits in future breeding programme. On the basis of aforesaid results it may be concluded that traditional upland rices of this plateau region of Bihar possess large variability for economically important traits which may be termed as favourable genetic traits and thus could be used directly as donors in future breeding programme. Cataloguing of such gora rices for 54 different traits has also been completed and thus could be used directly as donors for specific characters in future breeding programme. Cataloguing of such gora rices for 54 different traits has also been completed and thus could be used to take help to compare when any new sample is collected in future. Besides, eight selected acessions could be used directly as donors for favourable genetic traits required for upland rices. It is further concluded that Karanga Gora = 1 (Acc. No. 34) was the most promising variety among all the accessions evaluated for two consecutive seasons and thus could be released as variety after further testing in the farmers' field of this plateau region of Bihar.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES ON THREE F2 POPULATIONS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) USING MOLECULAR MARKERS(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Jenny Priya Ekka; Krishna PrasadThe selection of superior genotypes highly depends on the genetic information obtained from the segregant’s relatives and some from their own performance for particular traits, which are expressed throughout their growth period. Any research stand firm on the building blocks of the variation observed in the raw materials and the knowledge of genetics. The phenotypic selection is directly proportional to the additively genetic basis of the observed variance, which Due to the manifold effects of the genes controlling the polygenic trait, the selection becomes complicated. As well as continuously changing climate, sometimes vague, and sometimes erroneously ideal, often causes the improvement resulting from selection to be much less effective than what could be achieved. The accumulation of genetic knowledge about the traits their interaction among themselves and the environment around them, justifies an exploration of better selection criteria for solving this problem for one trait at a time or for several traits with an independent culling level for each trait. The present work use of combined selection for assessment of F2 segregants using various indexes, estimators of individual additive genetic value, which consider the phenotypic value of the individual and the mean phenotypic value of the individual family and with view of the necessity of drought tolerant varieties, the present research programme is proposed utilizing new cross combination made between Naveen x IR64 Drt1, IR 36 x BVD 111 and IR 64 Drt1 x Vandana. Grown in three different blocks containing three different fertilizer dosage for identification of superior segregants that have lesser duration, consumer preferable grain types and high yield under water stress condition also. In the study the coefficient of variation was higher for yield characters like number of tillers, flag leaf area (cm2), number of panicles per plant, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, biomass, grain test (1000) weight (g) and yield per plant (g) in all the 3 crosses even in the 3 different blocks. For the root traits all the root characters under study like total root length (cm), projected root area (cm2), number of root tips per plant, number of root segments, average root diameter (mm), root volume (cm3) and root dry weight (g) also had wide range of variation. From the study of skewness characters like number of tillers, number of panicles per plant, number of chaffy seeds, biomass per plant, yield per plant, pulled root length, number of root tips, number of root segments, root volume and average root diameter showed complementary gene action through positive skewness for each of the cross. In all the cross number of tillers as found to had Platykutosis showing involvement of many genes. Among all the crosses number tillers, number of grains, total number of spikelets, projected root surface area and root dry weight were observed to have positive highly significant correlation with plant yield. The grain phosphorous observed to have lower and desirable grain content in F2 progenies of cross 3 (IR 36 xBVD11). From the molecular study there was an observed segregation distortion, due to which the deviation of the F2 progenies in the 3 crosses were deviated to either the maternal or the paternal side, which was observed for chromosome 6 and chromosome 2 for all the root length, root-shoot ratio, root volume, dry root weight, and fresh root weight for drought tolerances. The segregants having found homozygous or heterozygous for the concerned molecular marker for the root traits can be affirmative for the presences of the desirable gene and thus can be selected for superior root traits and similarity with only one parentsThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2021) MANISHA KUMARI; Kamleshwar KumarChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important Rabi pulses in India which accounts for the 20% of the total pulse production in world and it is member of Fabaceae family. The present investigation was carried out in Rabi 2019-2020 at Western Section of Birsa Agricultural University Research Farm, Kanke, Ranchi. Total twenty six genotypes of chickpea including four checks (BG 372, KWR 108, KPG 59 and Birsa Chana 3) were taken for present investigation. Observations were recorded on eleven quantitative and three qualitative traits under this study. Correlation of different traits with yield and among themselves was also studied. Direct and indirect effects of different traits on yield were estimated at both phenotypic and genotypic level in addition to GCV, PCV, Heritability and Genetic advance. For diversity analysis Mahalanobis D2 statistics was adopted. Genotypes were found significant for all the characters under study except plant height. Phenotypic variance was higher than genotypic variance for all the traits and similar trend was followed for PCV and GCV. High phenotypic and genotypic variance was found for number of seeds per plant. High PCV and GCV was found for 100-seed weight and number of seeds per plant. High heritability in broad sense was recorded for the traits 100-seed weight, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. High genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for the traits 100-seed weight followed by number of seeds per plant, yield per plant, wilt incidence per cent and number of seeds per pod. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for 100-seed weight which suggested that selection of this trait may be effective as heritability is most likely due to additive gene effects. Positive significant correlation was recorded with yield per plant number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and number of seeds per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Plant height, number of seeds per plant and wilt incidence % showed positive correlation and direct effects with yield per plant. Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed five clusters. Among the five clusters, cluster I (23 genotypes) consisted of maximum genotypes followed by cluster II (4 genotypes) and cluster III, IV, V were mono-genotypic. Based on inter-cluster distances and mean performances of clusters for different traits, the advance breeding line among genotypes belonging to cluster I and IV are expected to produce yield and other yield related traits. On the basis of inter-cluster distance and cluster mean genotypes GNG 1958, GCP 105, JG 14, BAUG 15, BAUG 107, BAUG 108, BAUG 109, BAUG 115, BAUG 121, BAUG 123, BAUG 124 and BAUG 129 were found suitable for further hybridization programme. Trait 100-seed weight showed maximum contribution towards the genetic divergence. The qualitative traits flower colour, seed colour and seed testa texture were able to distinguish chickpea genotypes and thus can be used for germplasm characterization in chickpea as per guidelines of DUS test.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS UNDER LATE SOWN CONDITION(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) ALICE BARA; Ravi KumarChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) belonging to family Fabaceae, is an important legume crop with significant economic and nutritional benefits. Believed to have originated in the Mediterranean regions, and being cultivated for over 7000 years it is widely grown and consumed all over the world. Despite its importance, chickpea production faces several challenges such as biotic and abiotic stresses, low yield, and poor-quality seeds. These challenges have prompted extensive research efforts to improve the crop’s yield, nutritional value, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present investigation was carried out in Rabi 2021-22 at Western Section of Birsa Agricultural University Research Farm, Kanke, Ranchi. Total thirty-nine genotypes of chickpea including five checks (GNG 2299, Pant G 186, BG 372, KPG 59 and Birsa Chana-3) were taken for present investigation under late sown condition. Observations were recorded on ten quantitative and five qualitative traits under this study. Correlation of different traits with yield and among themselves was also studied. Direct and indirect effects of different traits on yield were estimated at both phenotypic and genotypic level in addition to GCV, PCV, Heritability and Genetic advance. Phenotypic variance was higher than genotypic variance for all the traits and similar trend was followed for PCV and GCV. High phenotypic and genotypic variance was found for yield per plot. High PCV and GCV was observed for number of secondary branches per plant and 100-seed weight. High heritability in broad sense was recorded for the trait days to maturity, number of secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. High genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for the trait number of secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight which suggested that selection of these traits may be effective as heritability is most likely due to additive gene effects. Positive and significant correlation was recorded for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant for yield per plot. Number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield per plant showed positive direct effects with yield per plot. The qualitative traits viz., growth habit, flower colour, seed size, seed color and seed texture were able to distinguish chickpea genotypes and thus can be used for germplasm characterization in chickpea as per guidelines of DUS test. Based on the results of performance, it was concluded that four genotypes viz., JG 2021-68, BG 4032, IG21 05 and Phule G1216-10-17 were identified as early chickpea genotypes under late sown condition.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES IN OAT (Avena sativa L.) FOR FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Swati; Yogendra PrasadThe present investigation was carried out at Forage Research Farm, RVC, Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi during Rabi 2021-22. The experimental material for the present study comprised of thirty-four oat genotypes including three checks. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in three replications and data were recorded for fourteen morphological, quality and yield attributing traits. Data were analysed to find out the estimate of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficient. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among the genotypes for all the yield attributing traits. Wide range of variability was found in days to 50% flowering (89.3-101.7), plant height (91.7-112.3 cm) and number of tillers per meter length (111-213.3). The highest genotypic variance was observed in number of tillers per meter length (908.3). The highest phenotypic variance was recorded in number of tillers per meter length (1197.7). The character which showed higher GCV was crude protein % (20.34) and the characters which showed higher PCV was no. of tillers/meter length (21.10) and crude protein % (20.70). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance expressed in percentage of mean was observed for two characters viz., crude protein % and number of tillers per meter length. In the present experiment green fodder yield showed a positive significant correlation with days to 50% flowering, leaf /stem ratio and crude protein. All the genotypes were grouped into thirteen clusters. Cluster-I having the largest number of genotypes i.e., twelve genotypes followed by cluster-II having six genotypes, cluster-IX and cluster-XI having three genotypes each and rest are having one genotype each in clusters-III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, X, XII & XIII. The maximum contribution towards divergence was observed for Crude protein (41.1 %) followed by days to 50 % flowering (20.9%), dry matter yield (14.4 %) and ADF (13.01 %). The genotypes HFO-904, HFO-619 and SKO-240 were the most promising ones and they may be adapted to the agro-ecological condition of Jharkhand. This can bring substantial increase in green fodder yield and crude protein (%). Besides this some of the germplasm can be selected for use as donors for many favorable traits in future breeding programme.
