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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES ON THREE F2 POPULATIONS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) USING MOLECULAR MARKERS(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Jenny Priya Ekka; Krishna PrasadThe selection of superior genotypes highly depends on the genetic information obtained from the segregant’s relatives and some from their own performance for particular traits, which are expressed throughout their growth period. Any research stand firm on the building blocks of the variation observed in the raw materials and the knowledge of genetics. The phenotypic selection is directly proportional to the additively genetic basis of the observed variance, which Due to the manifold effects of the genes controlling the polygenic trait, the selection becomes complicated. As well as continuously changing climate, sometimes vague, and sometimes erroneously ideal, often causes the improvement resulting from selection to be much less effective than what could be achieved. The accumulation of genetic knowledge about the traits their interaction among themselves and the environment around them, justifies an exploration of better selection criteria for solving this problem for one trait at a time or for several traits with an independent culling level for each trait. The present work use of combined selection for assessment of F2 segregants using various indexes, estimators of individual additive genetic value, which consider the phenotypic value of the individual and the mean phenotypic value of the individual family and with view of the necessity of drought tolerant varieties, the present research programme is proposed utilizing new cross combination made between Naveen x IR64 Drt1, IR 36 x BVD 111 and IR 64 Drt1 x Vandana. Grown in three different blocks containing three different fertilizer dosage for identification of superior segregants that have lesser duration, consumer preferable grain types and high yield under water stress condition also. In the study the coefficient of variation was higher for yield characters like number of tillers, flag leaf area (cm2), number of panicles per plant, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, biomass, grain test (1000) weight (g) and yield per plant (g) in all the 3 crosses even in the 3 different blocks. For the root traits all the root characters under study like total root length (cm), projected root area (cm2), number of root tips per plant, number of root segments, average root diameter (mm), root volume (cm3) and root dry weight (g) also had wide range of variation. From the study of skewness characters like number of tillers, number of panicles per plant, number of chaffy seeds, biomass per plant, yield per plant, pulled root length, number of root tips, number of root segments, root volume and average root diameter showed complementary gene action through positive skewness for each of the cross. In all the cross number of tillers as found to had Platykutosis showing involvement of many genes. Among all the crosses number tillers, number of grains, total number of spikelets, projected root surface area and root dry weight were observed to have positive highly significant correlation with plant yield. The grain phosphorous observed to have lower and desirable grain content in F2 progenies of cross 3 (IR 36 xBVD11). From the molecular study there was an observed segregation distortion, due to which the deviation of the F2 progenies in the 3 crosses were deviated to either the maternal or the paternal side, which was observed for chromosome 6 and chromosome 2 for all the root length, root-shoot ratio, root volume, dry root weight, and fresh root weight for drought tolerances. The segregants having found homozygous or heterozygous for the concerned molecular marker for the root traits can be affirmative for the presences of the desirable gene and thus can be selected for superior root traits and similarity with only one parentsThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS UNDER LATE SOWN CONDITION(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) ALICE BARA; Ravi KumarChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) belonging to family Fabaceae, is an important legume crop with significant economic and nutritional benefits. Believed to have originated in the Mediterranean regions, and being cultivated for over 7000 years it is widely grown and consumed all over the world. Despite its importance, chickpea production faces several challenges such as biotic and abiotic stresses, low yield, and poor-quality seeds. These challenges have prompted extensive research efforts to improve the crop’s yield, nutritional value, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present investigation was carried out in Rabi 2021-22 at Western Section of Birsa Agricultural University Research Farm, Kanke, Ranchi. Total thirty-nine genotypes of chickpea including five checks (GNG 2299, Pant G 186, BG 372, KPG 59 and Birsa Chana-3) were taken for present investigation under late sown condition. Observations were recorded on ten quantitative and five qualitative traits under this study. Correlation of different traits with yield and among themselves was also studied. Direct and indirect effects of different traits on yield were estimated at both phenotypic and genotypic level in addition to GCV, PCV, Heritability and Genetic advance. Phenotypic variance was higher than genotypic variance for all the traits and similar trend was followed for PCV and GCV. High phenotypic and genotypic variance was found for yield per plot. High PCV and GCV was observed for number of secondary branches per plant and 100-seed weight. High heritability in broad sense was recorded for the trait days to maturity, number of secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. High genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for the trait number of secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight which suggested that selection of these traits may be effective as heritability is most likely due to additive gene effects. Positive and significant correlation was recorded for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant for yield per plot. Number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield per plant showed positive direct effects with yield per plot. The qualitative traits viz., growth habit, flower colour, seed size, seed color and seed texture were able to distinguish chickpea genotypes and thus can be used for germplasm characterization in chickpea as per guidelines of DUS test. Based on the results of performance, it was concluded that four genotypes viz., JG 2021-68, BG 4032, IG21 05 and Phule G1216-10-17 were identified as early chickpea genotypes under late sown condition.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES IN OAT (Avena sativa L.) FOR FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Swati; Yogendra PrasadThe present investigation was carried out at Forage Research Farm, RVC, Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi during Rabi 2021-22. The experimental material for the present study comprised of thirty-four oat genotypes including three checks. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in three replications and data were recorded for fourteen morphological, quality and yield attributing traits. Data were analysed to find out the estimate of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficient. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among the genotypes for all the yield attributing traits. Wide range of variability was found in days to 50% flowering (89.3-101.7), plant height (91.7-112.3 cm) and number of tillers per meter length (111-213.3). The highest genotypic variance was observed in number of tillers per meter length (908.3). The highest phenotypic variance was recorded in number of tillers per meter length (1197.7). The character which showed higher GCV was crude protein % (20.34) and the characters which showed higher PCV was no. of tillers/meter length (21.10) and crude protein % (20.70). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance expressed in percentage of mean was observed for two characters viz., crude protein % and number of tillers per meter length. In the present experiment green fodder yield showed a positive significant correlation with days to 50% flowering, leaf /stem ratio and crude protein. All the genotypes were grouped into thirteen clusters. Cluster-I having the largest number of genotypes i.e., twelve genotypes followed by cluster-II having six genotypes, cluster-IX and cluster-XI having three genotypes each and rest are having one genotype each in clusters-III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, X, XII & XIII. The maximum contribution towards divergence was observed for Crude protein (41.1 %) followed by days to 50 % flowering (20.9%), dry matter yield (14.4 %) and ADF (13.01 %). The genotypes HFO-904, HFO-619 and SKO-240 were the most promising ones and they may be adapted to the agro-ecological condition of Jharkhand. This can bring substantial increase in green fodder yield and crude protein (%). Besides this some of the germplasm can be selected for use as donors for many favorable traits in future breeding programme.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS UNDER LIMITED WATER CONDITION(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) NITU KUMARI; Kamleshwar KumarThe present research work was conducted on 28 genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) including checks during rabi season, 2021-2022 at research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand to evaluate the performance of the genotypes under normal condition and rainout shelter through morphological, biochemical and physiological traits. The genotypes were sown in randomized block design with three replications in normal field condition and under rainout shelter. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences for all the characters in both natural condition and rainout shelter suggesting high degree of variability among the genotypes grown. High GCV was recorded for Proline content and Specific leaf weight under normal condition whereas under rainout shelter high GCV was recorded for number of pods per plant, Proline content, Chlorophyll content, Protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight. High PCV was recorded for wilt percent, proline content and specific leaf weight under normal condition and under rainout shelter high PCV was recorded for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, yield per plot, wilt per cent, proline content chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight. High heritability in broad sense was recorded for hundred seed weight, proline content, chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight whereas under rainout shelter high heritability in broad sense was recorded for days to fifty per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight, proline content, chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight. High genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for plant height, hundred seed weight, wilt per cent, proline content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight under natural condition whereas under rainout shelter high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for number of primary branches, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight, yield per plot, proline content, chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area, relative water content and specific leaf weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for hundred seed weight, proline content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight under normal condition where as under rainout shelter it was found for number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight, proline content, chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area, relative water content and specific leaf weight which suggested that selection of these traits may be effective as heritability is most likely due to additive gene effects. Positive and highly significant correlation of yield per plant at genotypic level was recorded with number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant stand at the time of harvesting and same was recorded under rainout shelter along with proline content and relative water content. At phenotypic level positive and highly significant correlation of yield per plant was recorded for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and positive and significant correlation was observed for plant stand at the time of harvesting and hundred seed weight. Similar results were observed under rainout shelter along with positive and significant correlation with proline content and relative water content. The findings from path analysis under this study revealed that at phenotypic level positive direct effect of the characters initial plant stand, days to fifty per cent flowering, plant height, number of secondary branches, hundred seed weight, wilt percent, proline content, protein content, specific leaf area, relative water content and specific leaf weight. Highest direct effect on yield per plant was seen by initial plant stand followed by proline content at genotypic level and phenotypic level suggesting that one should focus on selecting genotypes with these traits to improve chickpea yield under water stress conditions. This indicates that under limited water condition characters like proline content and relative water content should be taken into consideration and breeders should focus on selecting genotypes with these traits to improve chickpea yield under water stress conditions. Among the twenty-eight genotypes grown under both natural condition, the genotype whose performance was found desirable was BAUG- 137, BAUG- 148, BAUG- 146 and BAUG- 147.Under rainout shelter BAUG- 158, BAUG- 155 and BAUG-145 showed desirable performance. These genotypes also had substantial drought tolerance efficiency to cope in water stress condition.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN BREAD WHEAT(Triticum aestivum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Rajni Kant; Surya PrakashThe present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity for yield and quality characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was carried outat western section of research farm, BAU, Kanke, Ranchiduring Rabi2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Augmented Block Design comprising 50 test entries,along with four checks viz., DBW 187, DBW 222, GW 322, and WB 02.The entire experimental field was divided into five blocks of equal size and checks were randomly allocatedin each block. The fourteen characters studied were viz.,days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%),protein content (%), sedimentation value (ml.), grain zinc content (ppm) and grain iron content (ppm).The observeddata were utilized for estimation ofexisting variability by computing means, rangeand least significant differences, variability, heritability in broad sense, genetic advance as per cent of mean, correlations coefficient, pathcoefficients and genetic divergence. The genotype, GW 2021-1022 (9.45g)produced highest grain yield per plantfollowed by QLD 125, WB 02©, PBS 03.With respect to different wheat quality parameters, genotypeBNSR 8found promising for protein content, INDB 2119 for grain iron content and PBS 01 for grain zinc content.These genotypes were also had high to very high mean performance for several other yield components and may be utilized as a donor parentsin hybridization programme.Zinc content and sedimentation value show highest genotypic co-efficient of variation and phenotypic co-efficient of variation among all the parameters studied.High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for quality traits like sedimentation value, iron content, zinc content and also for yield attributes viz., number ofgrains per spike, biological yield per plant andspike length.The grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with harvest index.The path analysis revealed harvest index, biological yield per plant and protein content emerged as most important direct contributors towards grain yield per plant.All fifty-four wheat genotypes were grouped into six distinct clusters by D2analysis. Cluster-VI observed maximum number of genotypes (21) whereas Cluster-IV had minimum number of genotypes (2).The maximum intra-cluster distance was recorded for Cluster-Iwhereas Cluster-VI recordedthe minimum intra-cluster distance. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between Cluster-I and II,while minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between Cluster-II and VI.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity studies in Black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Genotypes(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Prem Kumar; Supriya S. SurinBlack gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is an important pulse crop in India with great potential. The seeds of this crop contain 24% protein. Genotype and Environment interaction and genetic diversity analysis are crucial for its breeding program. In the present investigation, a total of fifty genotypes of Black gram were sown in randomized block design during Kharif season of 2021-2022. Genetic diversity parameters, including the D2 analysis based on Mahalanobis clustering, were studied for thirteen quantitative characters along with disease and pest incidence. The analysis of variance showed that the mean sum square among the genotypes was highly significant for twelve characters and disease incidence, namely days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, seed yield per plant, biological yield, with disease web blight, yellow mosaic, and leaf crinkle. This indicates a considerable amount of genetic variability for these traits among the studied genotypes. Phenotypic variablity was recorded higher then the genetypic variability for all the traits under study. Six major traits possessing high amount of phenotypic and genotypic variability as number of effective pods per plant, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant etc. High heritablity together with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for nine traits, some of them were plant hight, number of primery branches per plant, number of cluster per plant etc. Correlation analysis showed that days to maturity, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, biological yield and harvest index were strong and positive significantly correlated with seed yield per plant. The genotype TU 1-30 (19.20g) produced highest seed yield per plant followed by BCU 20-62 (17.93g) and BCU 20-73 (17.76g). The study suggests that several traits can be improved through direct selection. The trait, seed yield per plant is dependent on several traits viz., days to maturity, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, etc. The study identified genotypes from cluster IV, V, IX, X and XIII maximum genetic diversity, which can be used for future hybridization. Finally, best five genotypes (BCU 20-62, KUG 479, VBN 17-021, SUG 1191 and PU 35) were identified as potential donor parents for future breeding programs.ThesisItem Open Access Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability studies in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill)](Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Kundan Kumar; Nutan VermaAmong the oilseed crops soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merril.] is regarded globally as most important oilseed crop. It is cultivated throughout the world and in India with the coverage of 12.81 million hectare, production of 12.90 million tones and productivity around 1007 Kg/hectare (Annonymous, 2021). Soybean has occupied important place in agriculture and oil economy of India. The present investigation entitled “Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability studies in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]” was carried out at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU Ranchi during 2021-22 and 2022-23 in four different environments by sowing at an interval of 20 days. Sowing was done on dated 28.06.2021 and 19.07.2021 during 2021-22 and in the following year 2022-23 the experiment was sown on 28.06.2022 and 19.07.2022. This way we have created four different four different environments(E1), (E2), (E3) and (E4). The mean performance of genotypes for the trait, grain yield across all environments showed that BSS-2, BAUS(M)-3, RSC-1046 and BAUS(M)-10 has highest yield in all the four environment (E1, E2, E3 and E4). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied, indicating ample scope of selection for soybean improvement. The pooled analysis of variance based on four environments revealed that mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all traits under study. This significance shows the existence of variability among the genotypes investigated. The mean sum of squares due to environments and G×E interaction were also significant for all of the traits studied. For all the character studied the value of PCV was higher than GCV, this, suggested the role of environment in the expression of these characters. A higher GCV and PCV value for a character, plant height, no of pods per plant and grain yield shows high variability among characters, making these characters more suitable for selection procedures. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight, plant height and no of pods per plant all had positive genotypic association with grain yield. These traits can be used for the indirect selection for grain yield. The mean squares for the IPCA1 and IPCA2 cumulatively contributed more than 90.19 % of the total G×E interaction for grain yield. All the environments exerted strong interactive forces. In AMMI I biplot for grain yield, BSS-2, BAUS-104, BAUS(M)-10, BAUS-102, BAUS-116, BAUS-40, BAUS-117 and RSC10-46 were among the stable genotypes with high mean values, and were thus recommended for all environments. The genotypes further away from the origin had high interaction with their environments, therefore they're better adapted to specific environments. E3 (Normal sowing 2022) and E4 (Late sowing2022) were favourable environments. Stable genotypes as per AMMI model for Days to 50% flowering were BS-1, BAUS-115, BAUS-106, JS97-52, for 100 seed weight(g) were NRC-149, BAUS(M)-10, BAUS-113, BAUS-106, for days to maturity were BAUS-115, BS-1, BAUS 31-17, for no. of pods per plant were BAUS-119, BAUS-117, RKS-18, BAUS- 104, for protein (%) were BAUS-104, BAUS-102, BAUS-118, for oil (%) were MACS-1460, BAUS-105, JS 20-116, BAUS-101, BAUS 31-17 for plant height (cm).ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) GENOTYPES USING MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS AND MOLECULAR MARKER(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Priyanka Kumari; Manigopa ChakrabortyMaize (Zea mays L.) belongs to family, Poaceae, having worldwide growing versatility ranges from 58° N to 40° S; from below sea level to altitudes higher than 3000 m and in areas with 250 mm to more than 5000 mm of rainfall per year. Germplasm distribution across the world’s geographical area represents the wide spectrum of exploitable genetic variability for specific purpose like higher productivity or quality or combination thereof under drought stress. Drought stress being the integral part of any agro-ecosystem affecting the growth and development of crop plants. Drought is one of the major constraints in deciding maize productivity all over the world. In India, out of total maize area about 4.0 million hectares are prone to drought. Drought effects the growth and development of plants in variety of ways. For development of drought tolerant maize cultivars, the knowledge of critical sensitive stages and consequences of moisture stress, variability of germplasm, screening techniques and breeding strategies to be adopted are having very crucial importance for getting the effective result. Classical and/or molecular breeding approaches can be adopted for incorporation of available drought stress tolerant genes in appropriate genetic background. The present experiment was conducted to identify the inbreds and hybrids suitable for irrigated (30kpa) and moisture stress (50kpa) for that significant traits to be used for selection under theses environments. To determine best selection method, mean performance values, correlation coefficient, components of variance and heritability, diversity, Stress tolerance indices were analysed. Keeping above facts in mind 4 testers (drought tolerant) and 8 lines were used for development of thirty two single cross hybrids to study the genetics of yield and yield attributes under normal moisture (30kpa) and under, moisture stress condition (50kpa). Twelve parents (8 lines and 4 testers) were mated in LX T mating design, thirty two hybrids were developed and compared with checks (CM600 (inbreds), Suwan Composite, BAUMH-5 (hybrids), 1532 X Suwan (hybrids)). All the forty eight genotypes were evaluated at Research Farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, during kharif 2020 seasons. Extensive phenotyping for morphophysiological characters along with stress indices were done for all the trials. The experimental materials were found to be significantly different from each other for all the characters under normal moisture (30kpa) and under, moisture stress condition (50kpa) and this is evident from the analysis of variance for RBD. This showed the inherent genetic difference among the genotypes under study. Correlation studies delineated that crop yield under moisture stress indicated highly significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with plant height, ear height, number of plants with grain yield and number of kernels per row. This suggested that these characters can be considered for selection of plants tolerant to moisture stress. This reflected preponderance of nonadditive gene action in controlling these traits which further suggested reliable crop improvement through selection of such traits. Different genotypes responded differentially under different environments for the expression of different quantitative traits. The genotype which performs well in one environment may not perform same on the other environments. Grain yields were higher under the optimum environment compared to stress environments. Four tester parents BAUIM-1, BAUIM-2, BAUIM-5, IC622968 were found to be significantly superior stress condition for maximum number of traits including grain yield (GY/P) and yield attributing traits. These tester parents may be used for development of improved lines and hybrids for the respective environments where they were found to be significant. All the thity two Hybrids viz., IC624174 XBAUIM-2, IC624159 X BAUIM-2, IC624148 X BAUIM-2, IC624160 X BAUIM-2, IC624180 X BAUIM-2,IC624161X BAUIM-2, IC624157 XBAUIM-2, IC624151 X BAUIM-2, IC624174 XIC622968, IC624159 XIC622968, IC624148 XIC622968, IC624160XIC622968, IC624180X IC622968, IC624161 XIC622968, IC624157 X IC622968, IC624151 XIC622968, IC624174 XBAUIM-5, IC624159 XBAUIM-5, IC624148 XBAUIM-5, IC624160X BAUIM-5, IC624180 X BAUIM-5, IC624161X BAUIM-5, IC624157X BAUIM-5, IC624151 XBAUIM-5, IC624174 XBAUIM-1, IC624159 X BAUIM-1, IC624148 X BAUIM-1, IC624160 X BAUIM-1, IC624180 XBAUIM-1, IC624161 XBAUIM-1, IC624157 X BAUIM-1, IC624151 X BAUIM-1 under stress condition were found to be significantly superior for maximum number of traits than the best check including grain yield (GY/P ) observed through the standard heterosis. These superior hybrids may be used for cultivation or development of superior segregants depending upon their gene action and effect. The analysis of variances for L x T analysis under normal moisture condition (30kpa) and moisture stress (50kpa) revealed significant difference in environments for all the forty six morphophysiological traits confirming diverse nature of environments selected, which influenced the expression of the traits studied among each other in relation to the performance of the genotypes. All The traits showed non-additive genetic variance with over dominance effect of genes under all the environmental situations indicating the over expression of heterozygous loci for these characters. The predominance of non-additive gene action on implies that breeding gains can be made via inbreeding followed by crossbreeding. The type of genetic effects for grain yield is highly variable, depending on the type of parents and environments under consideration. Molecular analysis indicated that the genotypes IC622968 and IC624176 were the most diverse ones. These diverse parents can be used for development of superior hybrids and segregants tolerant to stress condition. These superior hybrids may be used for cultivation or development of superior segregants depending upon their gene action and effect. The hybrids were good performer (heterotic) across the different moisture regimes under variable moisture regimes. These hybrids may be recommended for cultivation under wide range of environment. For leaf characters angle between blade and stem under irrigated condition and non-irrigated condition maximum frequency of (55.55%) and (72.22%) as found for “small” state of expression while minimum frequency (4.44) found for “medium” state of expression under moisture stress condition. AMOVA (Analysis of molecular variance) revealed mean sum of squares due to genotypes showed highly significant differences for all the traits under study at 5% and 1% level of significance. In molecular Dendrogram picture using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.52 to 0.95. Further this 2 main clusters were classified into 6 subcluster. Further, Cluster A showed four subcluster and Cluster B showed two subcluster.ThesisItem Open Access Study of stability and genetic diversity in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under terminal heat(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Sourav Ranjan Nanda; Jay Lal MahtoFaba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important potential pulse crop in India. It contains 22-28% protein in seed and can fix about 219-63 Kg/N/ha. Genotype and Environment (G×E) interaction and genetic diversity analysis are important in it’s in a breeding program. In present investigation total 35 genotypes of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were sown in Randomized block design in three sowing environments in rabi 2021- 2022. Stability parameter based on the Eberhart and Russell model D2 analysis based on Mahalanobis cluster were study for the 15 quantitative characters. It was evident from the pooled analysis that, the mean sum square among the genotypes were highly significant for days to flower initiation, plant height, number of primary branches per plants, number of pods per plants, number of seeds per plants, seed yield per plant and 100-seeds weight indicating the considerable amount of genetic variability in the for these following characters. The G × E (linear) was also significant for plant height (cm), number of pods per plants, number of clusters per plant, number of seed per plant indicating that the genotypes differed for linear response to the environment. The optimum temperature for flowering of faba bean is 22–23° C. Temperature above the 27° during pod development stage tends to reduces the seed weight. Based on high mean, unit regression (bi=1.0 i.e., bi=S Em± 1) and least deviation from regression coefficient S-2di =0 genotypes Hanma-1 was most stable under three different environments. On the basis of finding it may conclude that Hanma-2 was stable towards terminal heat and may be used for crop improvement for terminal heat. Based on the mean values of D2 analysis of 35 genotypes of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under present investigation revealed the existence of considerable genetic diversity among them. In environment I hybridization between the genotypes RFB-14 (cluster x) with ET226414 (cluster xiv), ET226415 genotype (cluster xii) with ET226414 (cluster xiv), HFB-1 (cluster xii) with ET226414 (cluster xiv), In environment II hybridization between the any one genotypes of cluster I with Rebaya-40 (cluster III) and In environment 3 hybridization between the genotypes ET226430 (cluster X) with ET226426 (cluster XII), ET226417 genotype (cluster VIII) with ET226430 (cluster X) may be exploited for development of varieties for higher yield. These genotypes in the most divergent clusters may be able to take advantage of the maximum heterosis under different environment.
