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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2013 - 201927
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETICS OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.) UNDER DIFFERENT POTASSIUM LEVELS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumari Tudu, Veena; Chakraborty, M.
    Maize (Zea mays L.) is also known as the ‗Queen of Cereals‘ due to its wide applications in variety of products. It serves as the staple food for 900 million poor, 120 ‐140 million poor farm families, and about one‐third of all malnourished children globally. Due to increase in global food demands and consumer choices, maize is emerging as the wonder crop for many countries especially in developing countries like India. Use of recommended fertilizer facilitate good growth of maize crop plants, and in obtaining high yield. Along with nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium (K) is the macro element required by the plants for its various metabolic functions. K has its role in neutralization of organic acids formed during metabolism, enzyme activation, regulating leaf stomatal movement, and facilitating of photosynthate translocation. The knowledge of direction and magnitude of association between yield & its components and the relative importance of each factor involved in grain yield contribution, aids to the effectiveness of any breeding programme. The experiment was conducted with twenty genotypes to evaluate their performance under moisture stress condition at two doses of Potassium during kharif 2016 and rabi 2016-17. The materials used are four high productive female lines, three drought tolerant male lines used as tester and their twelve hybrids developed by Line x Tester mating design along with one check. The same set of genotypes has also been evaluated under irrigated field condition at same two different doses of Potassium as that of moisture stress condition of 50kPa at flowering and grain filling stage under rain out shelter. The genotypes evaluated under different moisture regime and K level showed that at increased dose of K there is earliness in traits like DT, DS, ASI at both field condition and moisture stress condition. Moisture stress condition causes longer days to flowering. Reduced ASI was observed at increased dose of K. Increases in K dose causes increase in PH, EH for all the genotypes under field condition as well as moisture stress condition. Increase in K dose causes increase in Stay Greenness under field condition as well as in moisture stress condition for all the genotypes. At increased does of K increase in no. of KR/Cob was observed at both field condition and under moisture stress condition for all the genotypes under study. Reduction in yield was observed at moisture stress condition at both level of K dose for all the genotypes. Among the hybrids, maximum reduction was recorded by H9 (45.29%) at field condition and at moisture stress condition also (43.02%). Among the inbreds P7 (32.15%) shows maximum reduction at K1 dose and at K2 dose P3 (33.10%) shows maximum reduction. The strip plot ANOVA showed significant differences were present among the genotypes for the traits DT, DS, DM, PH, EH, No. of leaves, LAI, LS, SG, LR, EL, KR/cob, K/row G/cob, SW, GY/ha, GY/plot, RL, RV. Significant differences was in case of K- level for all the characters studied except for leaf rolling. The interaction between genotypes and K-level was found significant for the characters DM, EH, GY/plot. At moisture stress condition during kharif season among the genotypes significant differences was found for all the traits except for ASI. Among the K-level significant differences was found for all the traits except for LR. The interaction between genotypes and K-level was found significant DM, EH, GY/plot. The Strip –Spilt ANOVA for quality traits of hybrids showed for significant differences among the moisture regime for all the quality parameters. Highly significant difference among the K – level was observed for carbohydrate content, Zn content. The interaction of moisture regime & K –level was significant for protein content, K content, Fe content & Zn content. Among the 12 hybrids, highly significant difference was observed for all the quality parameters. The interaction of moisture regime & genotype was highly significant for protein content, carbohydrate content, Fe content & Zn content. Significant differences was also observed for the interaction of K- level & Genotype. The interaction of all the three parameters, Moisture regime, K- level, & Genotype was also highly significant for all the quality parameters studied. Drought had negative effect on protein, carbohydrate, K content and grain yield. But, bioavailability of Fe and Zn content in grain increased under drought, which is very useful information for breeders. The hybrid H4 is superior performing so far with high carbohydrate, Fe content and an average grain yield under irrigated condition. Similarly, H3 is superior for protein, Zn and K content with average grain yield under drought condition. Based on percent disease index value. Most of the hybrids lies under the categories of moderately resistant at low dose of K and only one hybrids shows moderately susceptible but at higher K dose disease reaction gets improved for four hybrids viz., BAUIM-2 x HKI 1532, BAUIM-4 x HKI 1532, BAUIM-4 x HKI 577 from moderately resistant to resistant and for BAUIM-5 x HKI 335 the reaction changes from moderately susceptible to moderately resistant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumari, Priyanka; Tirkey, S.K.
    stability in performance under rainfed condition in field and drought stress condition in rainout shelter through morphological and physiological traits. The genotypes were sown in randomized block design with three and two replications in field and rainout shelter respectively. The characters under observation in natural condition are days to first flowering, days to maturity, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plot, kernel yield per plant, shelling per cent, 100 seed weight, SMK per cent, number of branches, oil content, protein content, plant height, specific leaf area, relative water content, specific leaf weight, root weight, shoot weight, total dry matter, harvest index, proline content and pod yield per plot. The characters for which the observation was recorded in the rainout shelter are days to first flowering, days to maturity, pod yield per plant, , kernel yield per plant, oil content , protein content, specific leaf area, relative water content, specific leaf weight and proline content. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences for all the characters in both natural condition and rainout shelter suggesting high degree of variability among the genotypes grown. The GCV and PCV was recorded high for the characters kernel yield per plant and root weight per plot, pod yield per plant and proline content in the natural as well as stress condition. Moderate GCV and PCV was observed for pod yield per plot, kernel yield per plot , SLA, SLW and harvest index in natural condition and the same was observed for SLA, SLW, RWC and oil per cent under stress condition. In this experiment, the characters which showed high heritability along with high genetic advance are kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant, specific leaf area, relative water content, specific leaf weight, oil and proline content in rainout shelter and kernel yield per plot, pod yield per plot, root weight, shoot weight, specific leaf area and proline content in the natural condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumar, Sanjay; Ram, Sohan
    An experiment was conducted at departmental research farm, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi and Zonal Research Station, Chianki during Rabi 2017-18 to investigate about variability, nature and magnitude of gene effects, their interactions, heterosis and inbreeding depression for twelve yield and yield attributing traits following five parameter model of generation mean analysis. Twenty five genotypes consisting of five parents, 6F1s, 6F2s, 6F3s, and two checks (T-397 and Parvati) were sown in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the characters under study at both the locations. The present investigation revealed high PCV and GCV at both the location for characters like, number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant showing the presence of variability for the yield and yield attributing traits. At both the locations high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was seen for traits such as seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight and oil content whereas, at Ranchi location technical height, plant height and number of capsules per plant and at Chianki location number of primary branches per plant exhibited locations high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean indicating preponderance of additive gene action, therefore these traits might be useful in further breeding programme. With the help of scaling and joint scaling test presence or absence of epistasis and adequacy of additive-dominance model respectively were checked and accordingly five parameter model was followed for estimation of gene effect as well as presence of nonallelic interactions. Epistasis was observed in almost all the six crosses for the different traits studied. Duplicate epistasis was more prevalent than complementary epistasis at both the locations. Heterosis revealed that the crosses Himalsi-2 X Meera and Mukta X SLS-61 at Ranchi (L1) location and Himalsi-2 X SLS-61 at Chianki (L2) location were found to be the promising crosses because of its high yield, quality and disease resistance among the six crosses studied and thus could be utilized in future breeding programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF ADVANCE BREEDING MATERIALS OF PIGEONPEA [Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp.] FOR YIELD AND BIOTIC STRESSES
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Priya Ekka, Jenny; Kumar, Niraj
    A total of 14 medium duration genotypes of Pigeonpeawere taken up for study, evaluation, and for characterization for the present investigation in two different environmental conditions (Environment I and Environment II). The entries consisted of six genotypes of F6 generation with negligible segregation along with three national checks BDN-2, JKM-189, ASHA and one local check BA-1, with two multi-resistant (Wilt and SMD resistance) checks BSMR-736 and BSMR-853 and two highly susceptible checks MARUTI for susceptibility to Sterility Mosaic Disease and ICP 2376 for susceptibility to FusariumWilt. The different mean data recorded of each genotype or treatments along with the checks or control was subjected to statistical analysis for variance, covariance, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path analysis, to find out the individual as well as the combined comparative effects of each treatment on each other. The GCV & PCV were recorded highest for the character number of secondary branches, final plant stands, 100 seed weight, initial plant stands, 100 seed weight, and number of pods per plant in both the environmental conditions. In both the environmental condition characters such as wilt incidences, final plant stands, number of secondary branches, initial plant stands, and 100 seed weight were recorded to have high heritability and high genetic advances which indicates that the selection would be effective and that these characters have dominance of additive gene action in their expression. highly significant and positive correlation (both phenotypic and genotypic level) was found between the yield and the characters like number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, final plant stands, number of seeds per pod,100 seed weight and with harvest index also in Environment I it was found that the a positive and highly significant correlation was observed between yield and the characters such as initial plant stands, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, plant height number of pods per plant, final plant stands, pod size, and 100 seed weight and with harvest index. The incidences of wilt were recorded to be of higher magnitudes in Environment II (Wilt testing plot) than in the Environment-I (field condition). Wilt incidences was found to be negatively and highly correlated with the yield and directly affected the yield in both negative and positive direction. Whereas the incidences of Sterility Mosaic Disease and Pod Borer were found to be nonsignificantly correlated with the yield and had negligible indirect effect on the yield. Expression of secondary branches was higher in case of genotypes BAUPP 19-6 also having maximum number of primary branches under sick plot and genotype ICPL 87119 under natural condition. BA-1 was found to be the tallest among all the genotypes under study in two different environments. The genotypes BAUPP19-6 had the highest number of pods per plant under sick plot condition and best check was found to be BA-1 that had the highest number of pods in both the environment. On the basis of the statistical analysis and the comparison of the mean values of all the genotypes it was significantly recognized that the genotype BAUPP19-6 had highest yield under in both the environmental conditions followed by BAUPP19-4 and BAUPP19-3.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN MUNGBEAN [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek]
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 2019) SWATHIREKHA, NANDIGAM; Haider, Dr. Z.A.
    The present study was conducted during kharif, 2018 at Pube Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand with 38 genotypes of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] obtained from different geographic regions to study the variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic divergence and the association between yield and its component traits. The results of analysis of variance for the twelve characters in 38 genotypes of mungbean revealed highly significant differences except disease incidence for Anthracnose. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was registered by the traits, Days to first flowering , Days to pod initiation, Plant Height (cm), Number of primary branches per plant , Number of clusters per plant, Number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, Seed yield per plant (g) indicating the predominance of additive gene action. The character association studies revealed that days to first flowering, days to 50% maturity, days to pod initiation, number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant exhibited highly significant positive correlation. Hence, simultaneous selection of these traits will improve the seed yield. The results of multivariate analysis and principal component analysis indicated the presence of considerable genetic divergence among the 38 genotypes studied and they were grouped into 6 and 5 clusters respectively. The clustering pattern revealed that there was no relationship between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), four principal components had been identified which had contributed about 73.59% of the cumulative variance. In D 2 analysis, maximum intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster II and I, whereas through PCA, maximum intra cluster distance was observed in cluster II followed by III, suggesting that the genotypes present in these clusters possess varied genetic architecture and might have originated from different genetic pool. In addition to this, the maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster VI in D 2 and between cluster I and cluster V in case of PCA suggesting that the genetic architecture of the genotypes in one cluster differ entirely from those included in other clusters. In D2 analysis, total protein content contributed maximum towards diversity followed by days to first flowering, Plant height (cm) and days to 50% maturity while in Principal Component Analysis, days to 50% maturity, days to pod initiation, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant and number of pods per plant contributed maximum towards divergence. Comparative study of the results obtained through different statistical analysis and also by both D2 and PCA, genotypes like VGG-16-036, IPM 2-3 and mutants like SRMB-15- 60, SRMB-15- 20, PRMB-15-40 had been identified as the better ones for the traits like number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod which will ultimately help us in improving the yield. And also genotypes like MH 1323, NVL 855, JAUM 0936, PRMB-15-70, SRMB-15-60 can be taken into consideration for the betterment of both seed yield and total protein content. Hence these genotypes can be used in our future breeding programmes for the improvement of yield and total protein content.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND EFFICIENT PHOSPHOROUS UPTAKE IN RICE (O. sativa L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 2019) ., SWAPNIL; Prasad, Krishna
    The present investigation consisted of 371 F2 and 899 F3 segregants of the cross (Sahbhagidhan and BPT-5204 Sub-1. Sahbhagidhan possessed phosphorus uptake and drought tolerance genes whereas; BPT-5204 Sub-1 was negative for phosphorus uptake and susceptible to drought conditions. Thirty five F2 segregants were subjected to molecular study at Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IIAB) Lab, Namkum, Ranchi to access the presence of drought tolerance, phosphorus uptake and submergence tolerance genes. Sixteen SSR markers were employed for checking the polymorphism between the parents. The SSR markers employed for drought tolerance were RM 279, RM 327, RM 212, RM264, RM286 and RM5443. However, the markers studied for phosphorus uptake were K-20-1-1 and PUP 1-K-59. Six QTLs (Y1.1, qDTY1.1, qLT2, qTR8, qSTN11 and qSLD11) for drought tolerance and single QTL (Pup-1) for phosphorus uptake were studied. Out of the 16 markers studied, eight markers displayed polymorphism. However, none of the Sub-1markers displayed polymorphism and hence, withdrawn for further studies. 14 F3 families which consisted of 88 F3 plants were homozygous for both the genes. However, 7 F2 plants were found homozygous for both the genes and twelve F2 plants were found homozygous for drought tolerance QTLs and only 3 F2 plants displayed homozygosity for Pup-1 gene. Phenotypic observations were recorded for all the F2 and F3 segregants at Rice Research Farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi during Kharif 2018 for the traits viz. seed yield per plant, days to flowering, plant height, spikelets per plant, spikelets per panicle, grains per plant, grains per panicle, fertility percent, tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, grain length, grain width, L/B ratio, 100 seed weight and husk colour in order to estimate various genetic parameters, namely, genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path analysis. Days to flowering, plant height, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, grain width and 100 seed weight displayed little GCV and PCV in F2 generation which indicated little environmental influence on the expression of these characters. Whereas, in F3 generation GCV and PCV increased which may be due to breakage of linkage between genes with advancement of generation. F2 segregants possessed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean for the characters viz. plant height, spikelets per panicle and grains per panicle indicating preponderance of additive gene action and thus selection may be effective for these traits. However, F3 segregants displayed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean for plant height, number of tillers per plant, spikelets per panicle and grains per panicle.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENETIC ARCHITECTURE AND RESPONSE OF SELECTION FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Bhushan, Shanti; Ram, Sohan
    A study entitled “Genetic architecture and response of selection for yield and yield attributing traits in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)” was conducted at departmental research farm, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi during Rabi 2016-17 to investigate about variability, nature and magnitude of gene effects, their interactions, heterosis and inbreeding depression for ten yield and yield attributing traits following six parameter model generation mean analysis. Sixty nine treatments consisting eight parents, 15F1s, 15F2s, 15BC1s, 15BC2s and one check (T-397) were sown in randomized block design with three replications. Simultaneously, in a separate experiment using two backcross populations viz., (Meera x T-397) x Meera and (Shekhar x T-397) x Shekhar, response of selection study was done evaluating variability, correlation coefficient analysis, path coefficient analysis etc. Five hundred BC1F2 plants were selected randomly constituting base population and out of this, hundred superior plants were selected considering all the selections criterion and whose progenies rows were grown making BC1F3 population in both the crosses. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the characters under study. An estimate of GCV and PCV for all characters revealed that the PCV was higher than their corresponding GCV, indicating presence of variability among the treatments for yield and yield attributing traits and characters like, number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant showed high PCV and GCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was obtained for number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant. With the help of scaling and joint scaling test presence or absence of epistasis and adequacy of additive-dominance model respectively was checked and accordingly six parameter model was followed for estimation of gene effect as well as presence of non-allelic interactions. Epistasis was indicated in almost all the fifteen crosses for the studied traits. Duplicate epistasis was more prevalent than complementary epistasis. Significant and desirable heterosis over mid parent was observed in four crosses for days to 50% flowering, two crosses for days to maturity, three crosses for plant height, two crosses for number of primary branches per plant, twelve crosses for number of capsules per plant, three crosses for number of seeds per capsule, seven crosses for capsule diameter, twelve crosses for each seed yield per plant and 1000-seed weight and eleven crosses for oil content. Heterosis over better parent was observed significant and in desirable direction for seven crosses for days to 50% flowering, five crosses for days to maturity, four crosses for plant height, two crosses for number of primary branches per plant, nine crosses for number of capsules per plant, two crosses for number of seeds per capsule, one cross for capsule diameter, eleven crosses for seed yield per plant, twelve crosses for 1000-seed weight and eight crosses for oil content. Similarly, heterosis over check variety T-397 was found significant and desirable in eleven crosses for number of capsules per plant, thirteen crosses for each capsule diameter, seed yield per plant and oil content and in all the fifteen crosses for 1000-seed weight. Inbreeding depression in F2 generation showed that only one cross for days to 50% flowering, three crosses for days to maturity, two crosses for plant height, three crosses for number of primary branches per plant, eight crosses for number of capsules per plant, two crosses for number of seeds per capsule, twelve crosses for capsule diameter, eleven crosses for seed yield per plant, ten crosses for 1000-seed weight and nine crosses for oil content revealed significant positive inbreeding depression. For study of response to selection in early segregating generation in linseed in cross (Meera x T-397) x Meera the highest mean value for days to 50% flowering was observed in BC1F3 generation followed by BC1F2 base population and BC1F2 selected plant while for remaining characters the highest mean value was seen for BC1F3 progeny population followed by selects and BC1F2 base population. In both the populations i.e., BC1F2 and BC1F3 high values of PCV and GCV was found for number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed in BC1F2 and BC1F3 populations for number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant. The traits such as plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant. number of seeds per capsule, capsule diameter and 1000-seed weight showed positive and highly significant correlation with seed yield per plant while path coefficient analysis concluded that in both the generations, direct selection for characters such as number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight, capsule diameter and number of primary branches per plant would be rewarding as they also showed significant correlation with seed yield per plant. At 20% selection intensity in cross (Meera x T-397) x Meera, all the characters exhibited positive selection differential (S/rS) except days to 50% flowering. Standardized selection differential was the highest for seed yield per plant, followed by number of capsules per plant, 1000-seed weight, number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per capsule and plant height. Days to 50% flowering recorded negative value which is desired in case of earliness. The response to selection (R) was found positive for all the characters. Maximum standardized selection response was obtained for number of capsules per plant followed by days to maturity, seed yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches per plant, plant height and 1000-seed weight. The realized heritability was found high for all the characters, the highest being for days to 50% flowering followed by days to maturity, plant height, number of capsules par plant, number of primary branches per plant, seed yield per plant and 1000-seed weight indicating that the offspring of the selected parents differ from the original population almost as much as the selected parents do. The predicted/expected selection differential (pS) in BC1F2 was found highest in number of capsules per plant followed by plant height, days to maturity, days to 50 % flowering, number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight, number of primary branches per plant and seed yield per plant. The predicted/expected selection response (pR) or (genetic advance) in BC1F2 was seen highest for number of capsules per plant followed by plant height, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant and number of primary branches per plant. The predicted or expected generalized selection response (pgR) in next generation was maximum for seed yield per plant followed by days to 50 % flowering, number of capsules per plant, plant height, 1000-seed weight, days to maturity, capsule diameter and number of primary branches per plant. The predicted heritability in narrow sense (phNS) in BC1F2 generation was found high (more than 60 %) for all the characters. In cross (Shekhar x T-397) x Shekhar the highest mean value for days to 50 % flowering was observed in BC1F3 generation followed by BC1F2 base population and BC1F2 selected plants while for characters the highest mean value was seen for BC1F3 population followed by selects and BC1F2 base population. Number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant recorded high PCV and GCV values in both the generations. In both the generations high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant. The traits such as days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and 1000-seed weight showed positive and highly significant correlation with seed yield per plant while path coefficient analysis showed that in BC1F2 generation maximum positive direct effect was exerted on seed yield per plant by number of capsules per plant followed by 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per capsule, number of primary branches per plant, days to maturity and plant height while in BC1F3 generation highest positive direct effects were revealed by number of capsules per plant followed by capsules diameter, 1000-seed weight and days to maturity. At 20% selection intensity in cross (Shekhar x T-397) x Shekhar, all the characters exhibited positive selection differential (S/rS) except days to 50 % flowering. Standardized selection differential was the highest for seed yield per plant, followed by number of capsules per plant, number of primary branches per plant, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity and plant height. Days to 50 % flowering recorded negative value which is desired in case of earliness. The response to selection was found positive for all the characters. Maximum standardized selection response was obtained for days to maturity, followed by number of capsules per plant, seed yield per plant, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, 1000-seed weight, days to 50 % flowering and number of seeds per capsule. The predicted/expected selection differential (pS) in BC1F2 was found highest in number of capsules per plant followed by plant height, days to maturity, days to 50 % flowering, number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight, number of primary branches per plant and seed yield per plant. The predicted/expected selection response (pR) or (genetic advance) in BC1F2 was seen highest for number of capsules per plant followed by plant height, days to maturity, days to 50 % flowering, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant and number of primary branches per plant. The predicted or expected generalized selection response (pgR) in next generation was maximum for days to 50 % flowering followed by seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight, days to maturity, number of capsules per plant, plant height, capsule diameter, number of primary branches per plant and number of seeds per capsule. The predicted heritability in narrow sense (phNS) in BC1F2 generation was found high (more than 60 %) for all the characters except number of seeds per capsule.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INDUCED VARIABILITY IN M3 AND M4 GENERATION OF SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) MERRILL] GENOTYPES
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumari, Priyanka; Verma, Nutan
    Representative M3 and M4 Gamma irradiated seeds (300 each) of two varieties of soybean, BSS-2 and RKS-18 procured from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Ranchi were sown in kharif 2017. Seeds of both the varieties viz. BSS-2 and RKS-18 were exposed to five different doses of gamma rays (50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy and 400 Gy) in the year 2014 and 2015 using Cobalt 60 sources in Gamma chamber at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai and their M3 and M4 progenies were used as experimental materials. There were slight reduction in germination % & survival % which varied from 83% to 86% & 85% to 96% respectively in different doses of Gamma rays in the variety BSS- 2 while in RKS-18, these varied from 81% to 83% and 91% to 94 % respectively in M4 generation. Polygenic variation in M3 and M4 generation of both BSS-2 and RKS-18 was observed for the characters, plant height, number of pod per plant, days to maturity and seed yield per plant due to effect of different doses of gamma rays. In qualitative characters both the varieties responded differently in different doses of Gamma rays. Some of the mutant plants have been found superior to their parent varieties in several yield contributing characters. Mutagenic frequency was found more in lower doses of Gamma rays in both the varieties in both the generation M3 & M4. Mutagenic rate was found higher in RKS-18 proving it to be more reactive to mutagenic treatments. In the variety BSS-2 the highest mutagenic effectiveness was recorded at 100 Gy, while in RKS-18 the highest mutagenic effectiveness was at 50 Gy in M3. The effectiveness decreased with increase in dose i.e. lower dose was found to be the most effective. From mean performance it was observed that many of the characters showed significant superiority and at par with the control in M3 and M4 generations. In the M3 generation, for the variety BSS-2 the maximum phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) was observed for the character seed yield per plant at 50 Gy. At lower dose all eight quantitative characters showed positive and non- significant correlation with the characters seed yield per plant except plant height which showed negative correlation. In M4 generation both the varieties BSS-2 and RKS-18 generation at lower dose (50 Gy) highest PCV, GCV, h2%, GA and GA as percent of mean was recorded only for the character plant height. In BSS-2 maximum heritability percent was observed for 100 seed weight, while in RKS-18 maximum heritability percent was recorded for days to maturity. Path coefficient analysis was done in M4 generation. The variety, BSS-2 at higher dose (400 Gy) days to 50% flowering, plant height and seeds per pod showed positive direct effect from moderate to high value with seed yield per plant, whereas at 400 Gy positive direct effect from moderate to low value was observed for number of branches per plant, seeds per pods and 100 seed weight with seed yield per plant in the variety RKS-18. The effective potential of induced mutational approach can help in generating improvement of soybean by recovering superior mutant types having enhanced yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFICIENCY OF SELECTION METHODS IN EARLY SEGREGATING GENERATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) CROSSES
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Choudhary, Anuj Kumar; Haider, Z. A.
    The experimental material consisted of three crosses viz; BG102/BPT5204, BG102/Naveen and BG102/Reshmi (Commercial Pvt. Hybrid Victory seeds) of rice (Oryza sativa L.), each of the crosses represented a separate experiment. These F2 selected plants were grown at rice experimental area, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, during kharif, 2014 in RBD with two replication and two methods of sowing such as direct seeded and transplanted at twenty days interval; each plot measuring 2.7 x 0.4 meter size. ANOVA revealed that mean sum of square due to progeny of crosses viz; Cross-I, Cross-II of F3 under different selection group followed by two dates of sowing for all most all traits were highly significant except for traits PH and GYP plot while in Cross-III, all characters were found highly significant except GPP in Ist date of TP under HY group indicating the presence of ample amount of genetic variability among progenies for all characters under study. Cross- I High h2 coupled with low genetic advance as per cent of mean had recorded for traits DFF in MTL as well as RPS group, which indicated the involvement of nonadditive gene action. For trait GPP recorded high h2 coupled with high GA as per cent of mean in Ist and 2nd date of DS under HY group whereas high GA along with moderate h2 was obtained in both date of sowing under same selection method indicating the preponderance of additive gene action. Average selection response for all the studied traits had exhibited maximum in LY followed by HY and RPS selection method. In early generation of selection based on the LY criteria as well as high realized h2 would be most effective. Cross- II Maximum standardized selection response was observed for all studied traits under HY selection method followed by LY selection method, RPS and MTL, while high magnitude of standardized selection differential was recorded under HY followed by RPS, LY and MTL selection method. High realized h2 was observed in different methods of sowing for all the characters under all methods of selection however as revealed by the table based on the HY selection method would be more effective. Cross- III F3 progenies exhibited high h2 coupled with high GA as per cent of mean for traits viz; TW, GYP plant and GYP plot in all selection method as well as both date of planting indicating the preponderance of additive gene action suggesting that selection may be effective for these characters in early generation. Suggesting that under normal TP condition in Ist and 2nd method of selection for HY and LY both traits TW and PH may be considered as an important trait for improving the yield potential of rice. Over all methods of selection viz; HY, LY, MTL and RPS for all the studied traits like PPP, GPP, TW and GYP except for DFF as well as PH indicated that based on these characters selection in F2 would be fruitful. Highest standardized selection response was obtained based on HY followed by RPS and MTL while high magnitude of standardized selection differential was recorded under HY selection method followed by RPS, MTL and LY for all most all the studied traits.