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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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20222
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Subject: Forest Product and Utilisation × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of growth and yield performance on the spacing trial of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia)
    (2022) Nawin Nikhil Kachhap; Kaushal Kumar
    Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) [Miers ex Hook.f. & Thoms.] is a large perennial, glabrous, fleshy, deciduous climbing shrub that belongs to the family Menispermaceae. This plant is also known as ‘Giloy’, ‘Guduchi’, ‘Amrita’ etc. The whole plant of Giloy is used in preparing for the formulation of many ayurvedic medicines. It is used for treating fever, arthritis, anti-stress and also as the best immuno-modulators etc. A large number of products are available in the market prepared by pharmaceutical companies Viz., Giloy Neem, Giloy Capsules, Giloy tablets, Giloy Tulsi juice, Giloy Ghanvati, Giloy Mulethi, Giloy-amla, Giloe-Ghrit Kumari etc. The planting time and spacing often helpful to improve the growth and yield parameter- which is very important to crops to improve production and quality productivity. Studies or research work on Tinospora cordifolia on planting time and spacing or FRBD is very less, the present investigation was undertaken to understand on growth and yield performance on the spacing trial of Giloy. With the following objectives:- i)To find out the effect of spacing on growth and yield of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia). ii) To estimate Giloy-satva (%) at harvesting time. An experiment was carried out at the experimental field of All India Coordinated Research Project on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (D-Block), Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi from mid-April, mid-May and mid-June 2019. The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design having replication four and nine treatments. Giloy cuttings were earlier raised in polybags till 3-4 leaf stage for three to four weeks and then were transplanted in the respective treatment plots. Planting times were mid-April, mid- May and mid-June with the spacing of 3 m × 3m,2m×2m and 2m × 1m respectively in each treatment. The effect of planting time and spacing was recorded after 18months for growth and yield parameters and their Giloy-satva (%). Based on the finding of this experiment maximum plant length of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-April 2m × 2m;3.32m), which is at par with (mid-May 3m × 3m; 3.22 m), (mid-June 2m × 2m; 3.16m), (mid-April 3m×3m; 3.10m) and (mid-May 2m×2m; 3.07 m). Minimum observed plant length in treatment combination of (mid-June 2m × 1m; 2m). Maximum diameter at base of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-April 2m × 2m; 9.76mm), which is at parwith (mid-April 3m×3m; 9.06mm), (mid-May 3m × 3m; 8.84mm) and (mid-May 2m×2m; 8.75mm). Minimum observed mean diameter at base in treatment combination of (mid-June 2m × 1m; 5.72mm). Maximum main stem thickness of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-May 2m × 1m; 10.15mm). Minimum observed main stem thickness in treatment combination of (mid-June 3m × 3m; 8.76mm). Maximum leaf length of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-June 3m × 3m; 9.67 cm), which is at par with (mid-April 3m × 3m; 9.66cm), (mid-May 2m × 2m; 9.43cm), (mid-June 2m × 2m; 9.34cm), (mid-June 2m × 1m; 9.30cm), (mid-May 2m × 1m; 9.09cm), (mid-April 2m × 1m; 8.95cm) and (mid-April 2m × 2m; 8.75cm). Minimum observed leaf length in treatment combination of (mid- May 3m × 3m; 8.10 cm). Maximum leaf width of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-June 2m × 2m; 9.13cm) which is at par with (mid-April 3m × 3m; 8.87cm), (mid-May 2m × 2m; 8.73cm), (mid-June 2m×1m; 8.64cm) and (mid-April 2m × 1m; 8.22cm). Minimum observed leaf width in treatment combination of (mid-May 3m × 3m; 6.77cm). Maximum number of branches at base of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-May 3m × 3m; 3.50) which is at par with (mid-May 2m × 2m; 3.20), (mid-April 3m × 3m; 3.13), (mid-May 2m × 1m; 3.10) and (mid-April 2m × 1m; 3.00). Minimum observed number of primary branches in treatment combination of (mid-June 2m × 1m; 2.09). Maximum number of Secondary branches in Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-May 3m × 3m; 4.27), followed by (mid- April 2m × 2m; 3.66). Minimum observed number of secondary branches was in treatment combination of (mid-June 2m × 1m; 1.87). Maximum Inter-node distance of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-April 3m × 3m; 10.20cm), followed by (mid-June 2m × 2m; 8.78cm). Minimum observed Internode distance in treatment combination of (mid-May 2m × 2m; 7.39cm). Maximum fresh stem yield g/plant of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-April 3m × 3m; 560g) which is at par with (mid-April 2m × 2m; 531g). Minimum observed fresh plant stem yield was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-May 2m × 1m; 330g). Maximum fresh stem yield kg/ha of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-April 2m × 1m; 1910kg), followed by (mid-May 2m × 1m; 1662.32 kg). Minimum observed fresh stem yield/ha was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-June 3m × 3m; 483.83kg). Maximum dry stem yield g/plant of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-April 3m × 3m; 364.90g) which is at par with (mid-April 2m × 2m; 338.58g). Minimum observed dry stem yield g/plant was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-May 2m × 1m; 205.53g). Maximum dry stem yield kg/ha of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-April 2m × 1m; 1198.25kg), followed by (mid-June 2m × 1m; 1108.62kg). Minimum observed dry stem yield/ha was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-June 3m × 3m; 304.91kg). Maximum Giloy-satva yield (%) of Giloy was recorded from treatment combination of (mid-April 3m × 3m; 3.67) which is at par with (mid-April 2m × 2m; 3.50). Minimum observed Giloy-satva yield (%) was in treatment combination of (mid-June2m × 2m; 2.79). The best interaction between spacing and planting time with respect to the first objective effect of spacing and planting time on growth and yield of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) was found in factor (mid-April 3m×3m) for fresh stem yield and dry stem yield and (mid-April 2m × 1m) resulted better yield. As per second objective the best interaction between planting time and spacing to estimate Giloy-satva (%) at the time of harvesting was found in treatment (mid-April and 3 m × 3m).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on genetic divergence of Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] genotypes through its quantitative traits
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) KUMAR, AMIT; Kumar, Jai
    Keeping in view the importance of genetic diversity in optimum genetic resource management strategies, source of desirable allele and assist plant breeders in developing climate resilient varieties, a systematic research trial was undertaken to quantify extent of divergence of different Ashwagandha genotype through its qualitative and quantitative traits, at AICRP (M&APs) research farm, B.A.U Ranchi with the following objectives; To find out the extent and magnitude of diversity in selected Ashwagandha genotypes, To determine the percentage contribution of quantitative parameters creating maximum diversity in selected Ashwagandha genotypes, To identify potential parents of Ashwagandha for hybridization programme to develop hybrid/variety of high yield potential and To select promising genotypes of Ashwagandha suitable for agro-climatic conditions of Jharkhand. Research trail was laid out in Randomised block design with 17 treatment & 3 replications of Withania somnifera genotype collected from DMAPR, Anand, Gujarat. Different qualitative & quantitative parameters were measured as par NBPGR guideline. The replicated data of all the quantitative traits of 17 genotype of Ashwagandha was subjected to Analysis of variance, Genetic divergence analysis, Principal component analysis, Jaccard’s similarity coefficients, Shannons diversity index and Duncans multiple range test. 9 germplasm of Ashwagandha showed erect plant growth habit, while 8 had semierect. The leaf shape of 10 germplasm was ovate, while 7 germplasm had ovate-rounded. Three type of leaf colour were found namely light green (9), greenish yellow (4) and pale green (4). The root colour of 11 germplasm was cream, while 6 germplasm had whitish cream. Two type of root fracture were found namely fibrous (12) and non-fibrous (5). Internal root colour of 10 germplasm was cream and rest 7 germplasm were white. Two type of inflorescence were found namely umbellate cymes (9) and axillary fascicles (8). Three type of flower colour were found namely dull yellow (9), green (6) and yellow (2). Berries colour of 10 germplasm was orange and 7 had red colour. Significant difference was noticed in the plant height and maximum value was recorded for RAS-45 (96.58 cm) and minimum for RAS-65 (28.29cm). Significant difference was noticed in stem diameter at collar region and maximum value was noticed for JC-310620A (3.02 cm) and minimum for RAS-65 (0.77 cm). In case of number of primary branches/plant, maximum value was noticed for RAS-34 (4.52) and minimum for RAS-65 (2.75). Significant difference was noticed in leaf length and its maximum value was recorded for RAS-45 (8.65 cm) and least for AAU (4.59 cm). Significant difference was noticed in leaf width and its maximum value was recorded for RAS-45 (3.4 cm) and least by AAU (1.7 cm). Maximum berries diameter was recorded for MWS-334 (0.69 cm) which varied significantly with its minimum value of RAS-31 (0.51 cm). Maximum root length was recorded for RAS-45 (28.0 cm) and minimum for RAS-65 (10.5 cm). Significant difference was noticed in root diameter and its maximum value was recorded for RAS-45 (2.53 cm) and minimum for RAS-65 (0.94 cm). Significant difference was observed for number of secondary roots/plant and its maximum value was recorded for MWS-334 (12.30) and minimum for RAS-65 (7.27).