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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Protection of Protein and Utilization of Formal dehyde Tread growund nut cake in growing Cross-Bred Calves(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Kiran Shankar Dutta; J.P. Srivastava1.Formaldehyde (FA) 1.0 and 1.5 g/100 g feed protein, stored for 29 days can effectively be used to protect the proteins of common oil cakee such as Groundnut, Mustard and Linseed cakes, from microbial degradation in the rumen, 2. In vitro studies with formaldehyde treated Groundnut, Mustard and Linseed cakes further suggest that the reaction periods of 16 days and 4 to 8 days, respectively, were ideal for treatments levels of 1.0 and 1.5 E FA/100 E food protein because at these combinations of level and treatment, the fermentative and cellulolytic activities were not affected no revealed from the protection of Total Volatile Fatty acids. 3. Dry heat treatment in Hot Air Oven at 150°C for 2 hours and 10 minutes roasting are appreciably effective in protecting the proteins of oil cakes, such so, Groundnut, Mustard and Linseed cakes from microbial degradation in the rumon Emphasis should be given upon 10 minutes roasting or roasting for somewhat longer duration as it does not affect the nutrient content, in general, of oil cakes unlike the heatThesisItem Open Access Aflatoxins in Animal feed, their influence on Nutrient Utilization, Growth Performance, Histopathologiacal Alteration in Certain tissues in Growing Piglets and measures for their Alleviation(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Ajit Kumar Sinha; Dr. J.P. SrivastavaThe livestock owners of tribal villages may be advised to maintain the animal feed store properly. They should be especially careful in preventing the food stuff from moisture, which leads to the growth of various fungi. The contaminated feed ingredient/compounded feeds upto a level of 0.25 ppm preferably be treated with 1.5 per cent ammonia. However, if it is not possible due to various reasons, 25 per cent extra protein allowance (other than the recommended level of 16 per cent) say be provided to their growing pige.ThesisItem Open Access Re- Starter Diets for Early Weaning in Piglets its influence on Subsequent Baby Pig Performance and Reproductive Efficiency of Sow(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Ram Naryan Singh; Dr. J.P SrivastavaThe present studies indicate that piglets can be weaned at an early age in order to narrow down the farrowing interval, reducing piglet mortality and lowering down the over all economics of production in swine operations. On the basis of the results obtained in the present studies, it is concluded that piglets should be weaned at 5 to 6 weeks of age and reared on weaner diet having concentrations of 20 % protein and 3500 Kosl DE/kg diet fortified with adequate amount of minerals and vitamins supplementation, without having any adverse effect either on their health or any of the other parameters studied. Cost per unit gain in piglets can be cut down further by repla cing 50% skimmed milk of the weaner diet with fish meal with out affecting their performance. RECOMMENDASION In order to narrow down the farrowing interval it is recommended that piglets should be weaned at 5 to 6 weeks of age and reared on weaner diet (pre-starter diet) having 20.02 % CP and 3522 Kcal DE/kg so as to have maximum profits.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Urea Treatment on the Nutritive Value of Sal( shorea robusta) Seed Meal and Sal Leaves as A feed Ingredient for Livestock(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Rabindra Bhakt; B.S.GuptaOne-third of tannins and one third of oxalates of fallen sal leaves were removed by 4.0% urea treatment when stored for 3 weeks at 50.0% moisture level, besides more than two times increase in its CP content. 2. Maximum of 32.91, 37.08 and 52.27% tannins of deoiled salsced meal (DSSM) was reduced by 5.0% Formaldehyde treatment when stored for 3 weeks, 4.0 urea treatment stored for 3 weeks and 3.0% Ferrous sulphate treatment stored for 4 weeks respectively, at 50.0% moisture level, whereas, 67.28% tannins of DSSM was reduced by 1.0% Ferric chloride treatment when stored for 2 weeks at 20.0% moisture level. It is an important significant achievement and can be adopted by compounded livestock and poultry feed manufacturers of the country. 3. Urea treated deoiled salseed meal can be incorporated safely in the concentrate ration of growing calves upto 20.0% level without any economical loss. Thus, valuable conventional feeds can be saved for human consumption. 4 Urea treated deofled salseed meal can be incorporated upto 15.0% in rations of growing piglets without any harmful effect. The inclusion of UDSSM upto 5.0 % level is profitable, whereas, inclusion at 10.0 and 15.0% levels are not economical but valuable conventional feed ingredients can be saved.ThesisItem Open Access Utilization of Kokum( Schleicher oleos ) Cake as a Feed Replacer in Swine Rations(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Naresh Prasad; Dr. B.S. GuptaThe present studies indicate that forest waste, unconventional kosus cake, both solvent extracted and expeller pressed are non-toxic and safe to feed to various categories of pigs. It con most successfully and economically be used in pig feeding systems upto 15 % level in growing pig rations and upto 20% level in gestating and lactating cows without any adverse effect either on their health or on carcass characteristics of growing pigs or on the breeding performances of sows.ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative Study of Immunopathology and Pathophysiology of Synthetic Pyrethroid, Organophosphate and Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticide toxicity in Broiler Chicks(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Umesh Kumar Garg; G.J. JhaOne hundred twenty day-old broiler chicks were used in the present study. They were divided into four equal groups viz control (₁), fenvalerate (T₂), mono crotophos (T) and endosulfan (T). The birds of control group (7₁) were fed with poultry mash without any pesticide for 8 weeks whereas the chicks of T2 group was fed with poultry mash containing fenvelerate 20 ppm/kg of the sash, T3 group was fed with mash containing 2 ppm monocrotophos and T group was fed with ration contaminated with 2 ppm endosulfan per kg of the feed for 8 weeks. The signs of the pesticide toxicity appeared after a fortnight of the experiment. Dullness, depression, anorexia, roughness of body coat, excess salivation in few chicks, drooping of head, convulsions and paralysis were the main clinical signs of the toxicity. lo difference in body weight could be recorded at any stage of the experiment. The mortality pattern (7-10%) in monocrotophos and endosulfan fed chicks was almost similar but it was higher (i.e. 20%) in fenva lerate fed chicks. This could be due to difference in the dose rate of the pesticide used for intoxication. Serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen did not show any significant change due to any of the three pesticides used for the toxicity in any of the three pesticides used for the toxicity in broiler chicks.ThesisItem Open Access Growth Perfomences of Cross bred Goats on Different Planes of Nutrition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1991) Swarajya Thakur; Dr. J.P Srivastava1.Since greater emphasis is being given to rear the goats under stall feeding system and to improve their productivity by cross breeding and optimum feeding, an investigation was carried out to evaluate the significance of major nutrients like energy and protein in various proportions on different aspects of goat production. The cost of feed being the major input item in any animal production, is required to be minimized by efficient utilization of the nutrients in the animal body as well as incorporation of cheaper unconventional ingredients in the feed. From the present studies broadly based on above aims and objectives, following conclusions were drawn. 1. The growth rate of the cross-bred kids could be improved by increasing the energy levels in the ration to some extent. The levels of protein in the ration could be reduced by 20 % without having significant adverse effects on the body weight gain provided the energy levels are adequate. 2. The reduction of both protein as well as energy in the ration of growing cross-bred kids had very drastic effects on the body weight gain. 3. The variations in the levels of energy and protein in the ration does not affect the amount of the daily feed intake, The digestibility coefficients of feed dry matter as well as the nutrients like crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen-free-extract, total carbohydrates, organic matter and gross energy have been lowered with the reduction in energy content of the ration.ThesisItem Open Access Quantitative And Qualitative Dietary Restrictions And Their Influence On The Performance Of Layers And Broilers(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Prasad, C. M.; R. R. P. SinhaOn the basis of the experiment conducted on layers and broilers during different periods of their growth and production, the following conclusion may ne drawn. 1. Expeller pressed kosum cake (PKC) protein is not a suitable substitute for groundnut cake protein, however, it may be added in layers' diet upto a maximum level of 6.0 % of the mash for a short period during scarcity. 2. Solvent extracted kosum cake (SEKC) protein can replace the groundnut cake protein at 5% of the mash success fully. However, it may be used upto 20% level on isocaloric basis in layers diet for economical egg production for short period during scarcity. 3. Skip-a-day feeding during laying period is not economical, as such, it should not be practiced. 4.Skip-a-day feed with or without SEKC (0, 50 and 70 % replacement of groundnut cake nitrogen) supplementation during growing (13-22 weeks) period is beneficial for subsequent egg production in WLH chicks.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIVE VALUE OF UREA TREATED PADDY STRAW AND ITS EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UTIVIZATION IN MALE BUFFALO- CALVES(Birsa Agricultural University, 1986) Singh, AJIT KUMAR; GUPTA, B.S.1. The paddy straw treated with 4% urea at 50% moisture level, and stored for a period of 4 weeks gave significantly better performance in enhancing its protein percentage and in lowering fibre and total oxalate contents, which, in turn, have increased dry matter and protein degradabilities in the rumen, as well. 2. In in-vitro studies, 4 or 5% urea treated paddy straw, stored for 3 to 4 weeks period at 2 to 4 hours of incubation, appeared to be the best in attaining peak concentrations of total-N, NH3-N and TVFA. 3. The feeding of 4% urea treated paddy straw, stored for 4 weeks, at 50% moisture level, without concentrate mixture, proved to be an improved roughage, having better nutritive value and palatability for the main tenance of buffalo-calves. Moreover, supplementation of concentrate is beneficial in respect of proper growth rate, digestibility co-efficients, feed efficiency ratio and cost of production. 4% urea treated paddy straw at 50% moisture level and stored for 4 weeks, mixed with karanj cake. containing concentrate mixture, exhibited maximam digestibility of nutrients, retention of nitrogen, feed gain ratio and cost, per kg body weight gain, along with highest growth rates in 150 days, without affecting the normal health of the animals in any way. Thus, it may be concluded that 4% urea treatment of paddy straw at 50% moisture level, when stored for 4 weeks, has pronounced effect, so as to bring about an overall improvement in its nutritive values as well as in the productive performance of animals.
