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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Wheat And Indian Mustard Intercropping Under limited Irrigation(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2004) Sunita Kujur; R. K. BhagatField experiment was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Kanke, Ranchi during 2002-03 to study the feasibility to increase. productivity and profitability of wheat mustard intercropping system under limited irrigation. The experiment consisting of eleven treatment combinations in row arrangement of wheat and mustard was planned in acid soil (pH 5.7) of sandy loam texture (20.0% silt and 19.6% clay) having low in available N (191.30 kg ha ¹), P2O5 (19.06 kg ha) and medium in available K₂O (161.28 kg ha¹) under randomized block design with three replication. Result revealed that a combination of 5 rows of wheat and 5 rows of mustard recorded the highest wheat equivalent yield of 24.22 q ha however, it was statistically at par with row ratio of 9:1 in wheat and mustard (21.88 q ha¹) as well as sole cropping of wheat (21.71 q ha ¹). Combination of 5 rows wheat and 5 rows of mustard and 9 rows of wheat and one rows of mustard were significantly superior to the rest treatment combinations. Under intercropping system 5:5 row ratio of wheat and mustard recorded the maximum LER (1.15) indicated beneficial association and Relative crowding coefficient (1.87) indicated their better compatibility than the rest treatments. Dominance of wheat over mustard was recorded in all the row ratio combination except 1:9 row ratio of wheat and mustard. The competition ratio value of wheat is more than one in all the ratio values of wheat and mustard combination except 1:9 row ratio. 5 rows of wheat and 5 rows of mustard combination recorded the highest net return (Rs 13965 ha), benefit cost ratio (2.47 on per rupee investment) and monetary advantage index (Rs 2056 ha). It was observed that the energy input was increasing with the increase in wheat rows and decreasing with the increase in mustard rows. Maximum energy output (35685 MJ ha¹) and energy use efficiency (3.91) also recorded under 5:5 row ratio of wheat and mustard.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Seeding Time and Irrigation Schedule on Growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2003) Kumudini Tudu; R.S.SinghThe production of rapeseed/mustard in Jharkhand is still very low, contributing only 9 lakh tonnes in the total production of India and the productivity is also low in the state (682 kg/ha) as compared to Indian level attributed to inadequate nutrient, water supply be and delayed or untimely sowing. Hence a field experiment was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil, acidic in nature (pH 5.5), low in available nitrogen (278.56 kg/ha), medium in phosphorus (12.6 ha Agricultural University Farm during rabi season of 2001- 200a) at Birsa to find out the "Effect of seeding time and irrigation schedule on growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)". The experiment was laid out in a split plot design comprising of four seeding time (15th October, 25th October, 5th November and 15th November) in main plot and four irrigation schedule (No irrigation, one at 30 DAS, one at 60 DAS, and two irrigation at 30 and 60 DAS) in sub plots and replicated thrice. Results revealed that the 15th October sown crop produced maximum primary branches (5.10), secondary branches (3.79), number of siliquae per plant (89.00), siliqua length (4.72 cm), number of seeds per siliqua (11.52). 1000-seed weight (3.02 g), dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area index and plant height. Crop sown on 15th October produced significantly higher seed yield (734.50 kg/ha), straw yield (2267.00 kg/ha) and biological production rate (25.29 kg/ha/day), which was 14.18 %, 30.46 % and 53.74% more than the seed yield obtained from the crop seeded on 25th October, 5th November and 15th November respectively. Maximum net returns (4191.00 Rs/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (0.83) were also recorded on 15th October sown crop. Mustard crop receiving two irrigations (30 DAS and 60 DAS) produced maximum primary branches (6.33), secondary branches (4.15), number of siliquae per plant (95.25), siliqua length (5.31 cm), number of seeds per siliqua (12.27), 1000-seed weight (3.03 g), seed yield (789.00 kg/ha), straw yield (2489.00 kg/ha), biological production rate (28.14 kg/ha/day), net returns (4689.00 Rs/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (0.86). Thus the proper seeding time (15th October) and irrigation schedule at critical growth stages (30 & 60 DAS) of mustard with a view to achieve the maximum yield and consequently increase in net income proves the utility of the present investigation. Though on the basis of the result of one year experimentation exact recommendation may not be made. However, for maximum seed yield and economic returns, crop must be sown on or before 15th October with two irrigation i.e. at 30 and 60 days after sowing.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Nitrogen Phosphate And Potash Fertilization on The Growth Yield And Sugar Content of Sugar Beet(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1961) Jogendera Kumar Jha; G.C. MahantaThough the experiment has been conducted for only one year the following Conclusion can be drawn with a suggestion to continue the present research in Order to obtain more information in the line as discussed earlier . 1 The crop can be grown without much difficulty in this region with the dose of N at 160KgN/ ha and K at 80 Kg K2o/ha 2 The drop in sugar content due to high rate of N fertilization can be compensated with the tremendous increase in yields resulting in more gross sugar. Repetition of the investigation systematically with more levels of N. K. P seems justifies for future research.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of Dwarf Rices Under Dry Sowing And Transplanting(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1970) Uma Shankert Prasad Singh; G. C. MahantaFrom the results of the present investigation, it may be concluded that dry sowing if Superior to transplanting in case of dwarf paddy and among the methods of dry sowing, spot placement method proved to be the best. Therefore, it may be recommended for adoption in this agro-climatic region of sabour, where the investigation was conducted. Any of the varieties namely IR8 and Taichung Native-1 may be recommended on the basis of their net profit on capital investment, but IR8 may be recommended for higher food production .This conclusion is drawn on the basis of results of a single year experiment and needs confirmation by further experimentation.ThesisItem Open Access A Review on Multiplication Distribution of Improved Seed(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1961) Ganesh Chandra Mahanta; R.P. RoyAbout 45 years back the plant breeding work was started in India and the breeders have produced a large number of improved strains, but the cultivators have not taken these verities of seeds in their general cultivation to a great extent .As pure seed of improved verities gave 10-15% extra yield on an average , hence on order to increase the food production in India , maximum area may be covered by pure seed of improved varieties . The original pure seed of improved strain is to be multiplied on different stages to make the seed bulky and sufficient in quantity for the general cultivation. During the course of multiplication the pure seed of improved verities will be grown at private farm and there is much chance to be contamination of seed. In order to guard against this contamination of seed and seed certification are essential. In multiplication of pure seeds of Improved verities, other factors of production like good soil, irrigation, culture practices and plant protection measure may also be applied .The seed multiplication and distribution work is being done in different countries of the world and the process of multiplication and distribution varies greatly from one country to another. Even there is variation in seed multiplication and distribution programme in different states. The rate of multiplication in different crops will be different and hence a plan for multiplication for each crop is essential and once the area has been saturated with improved seed, the multiplication programme should not be stopped. The pure seed should always move in one direction i.e. from the breeded to the cultivators ,but in no way it should be reversed . Thus process of seed multiplication will be a continuous process. To maintain the purity of seed in the process of multiplication inspection of the seed in plot of registered grower is essential. Better storage arrangement is also helpful in maintaining purity. For quick saturation of improved seed, the different local organizations should be strengthened. The hybrid seeds of bajra and maize are recognized to produce higher yield, hence the hybrid seed of these crops may be multiplied for the use of the cultivators.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Irrigation, Manuring and Time Of Sowing On The Growth, Yield And Quality of High Yielding Varieties of Wheat(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1977) G. C. Mahanta; K. K. JhaField experiments were conducted during two rabi sensors of 1968-69 and 1969-70 on sandy loam soil at the Irrigation Research Station, Madhipura to workout the effects of irrigation, trogen doses, and time of sowing on two wheat varieties. Whent cultivars NP 852 and Sonalika vere evaluated in respect of growth field and quality at five levels of irrigation, three levels of nitrogen and three sowing dates. Split plot design of layout with two replications vas adopted wherein fifteen combinations of five levels of irrigation (one, two, three, four and five at different stages of growth including pre-soving) and three soving dates (15th November, 6th December and 27th December) vere in the main plots and six combinations of three mitrogen doses (67.2, 134.4 and 201.6 kg N/ha) and two cultivars (NP 852 and Sonalika) vere in the sub-plots. A basal dose of 150 quintals vell rotten F.Y.M. per hectare during preparation of field and 67.2 kg P205 and 44.8 ₂0/ha at the time of sowing were applied in all the treatments. Urea, single superphosphate and muriate of potash were used as a source for mitrogen, phosphorus and potash, respectively. Half dose of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the full dose of the phosphatic and potassic fertilizers were placed 8-10 on deep in furrows at the time of sowing and the remaining half of the nitrogen dose was applied as top dressing in two equal splits after 21 days and 45 days of sowing. The results obtained from the two years experiment are summarised below: Dwarf wheat Sonalika vas proved to be the best variety followed by the tall wheat NP 852, Sonalika produced the highest grain yield followed by ip 852, Sonalika gave increa sing yield of grain with increasing levels of irrigation and nitrogen doses at all the soving dates. In NP 852, the grain yield was increased upto four irrigations and 134,4 kg l/ha in case of two early soving dates (15 th November and 6th December). In case of last soving on the 27th December, RP 852 vith 67,2 kg /ha and four irrigations proved superior to Sonalike. The earliest sown crop on the 15th November gave the maximum grain yield and succeeding dates of soving on the 6th December and 27th December reduced the grain yield to the extent of 1.7 and 37,8 per cent, respectively. Tall wheat NP 852 produced the highest straw yield followed by Sonalika during both the years. With increasing levels of irrigation straw yield increased in both NP 852 and Sonalika in case of all the dates of sowing. Increasing doses of nitrogen up to highest level increased the straw yield at all the dates of sowing in Sonalika but increase was up to 134,4 kg N/ha in lp 852,ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Levels of Nitrogen on Uplant Rice Cultivars Under Raifed Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2003) Smitba Mathw; A. RafeyUpland rice accounts for 17 % of the total rice area (42.7 m ha), but it contributes only 10 % of rice production (93.08 mt). Since nitrogen is the most limiting factor in uplands, selection of nitrogen responsive cultivar for the specific location helps in improving and stabilizing production and profitability. Hence, a field experiment was conducted on a sandy clay loam, acidic in nature (pH 5.5) low in available N (278.56 kg/ha), medium in available P (12.6 kg/ha) and available K (157.7 kg/ha) at Birsa Agricultural University during kharif season of 2001 to find out optimum nitrogen level for maximum yield and profitability of upland rice cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design and comprised of three levels of nitrogen (20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) in main plots and four cultivars (Ashoka 228, Ashoka 200, Kalinga III and Birsa dhan 102) in sub plots and replicated thrice. Results revealed that application of 60 kg N/ha produced significantly higher grain (19.27 q/ha) and straw (34.16 q/ha) yield which was 43.69 and 142.69 % more than the grain yield obtained by application of 40 and 20 kg N/ha, respectively. Among four cultivars tested, Birsa dhan 102 was superior to the other cultivars with 18.52 and 34.89 q/ha grain and straw yield respectively. Birsa dhan 102 fertilized with 60 kg N/ha produced significantly higher grain (24.38 q/ha) and straw (39.57 q/ha) yields with 81.27 and 69.51 kg/ha/day grain and biomass production rate, respectively. This was attributed to high physical productivity (26.5 kg/ha/day) maximum number of effective tillers (180.67/m²), filled grains per panicle (69.67). 1000-grain weight (25 g) and panicle length (17.43 cm). Accumulation of dry matter, crop growth rate, relative crop growth rate, area index and plant height were also maximum with Birsa dhan 102 at 60 kg N/ha. This was followed by Ashoka 200 grown with 60 kg N/ha leal (20.65 q/ha), which was similar to that of Birsa dhan 102 fertilized with 40 kg N/ha (17.98 q/ha) and Kalinga III with 60 kg N/ha (17.49 q/ha). Similarly, maximum net returns (Rs.7678.5/ha) and benefit cost ratio (Rs 1.6 per rupee investment) was recorded under Birsa dhan 102 grown with 60 kg N/ha. This was followed by Ashoka 200 grown with 60 kg N/ha which recorded similar net returns (Rs.6210.9/ha) and benefit cost ratio ( Rs 1.29) per rupee investment) as that of Birsa dhan 102 fertilized with 40 kg N/ha (Rs.5348.4/ha and Rs. 1.18 per rupee investment, respectively). The monetary productivity was similar for Birsa dhan 102 (Rs.83.46/ha/day) and Ashoka 200 (Rs.73.07/ha/day) fertilized with 60 kg N/ha. Thus, application of 60 kg N/ha and use of cultivar Birsa dhan 102 proved to be the best for this area. Among different combination of nitrogen level and cultivars, Birsa dhan 102 grown at 60 kg N/ha was superior to other treatments and was followed by Ashoka 200 grown at 60 kg N/ha which was similar to Birsa dhan 102 at 40 kg N/ha. Considering resource poor farmers, Birsa dhan 102 at 40 kg N/ha may also be recommended as this was superior to Kalinga III and Ashoka 228 at 60 kg N/ha and was similar to that of Ashoka 200 at 60 kg N/ha. However it requires further experimentation to corroborate the findings.ThesisItem Open Access Effect Of Nitrogen On Wheat Genotypes In Jharkhand(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2003) Niru Kumari; U N VermaA field experiment was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University farm, Ranchi during Rabi season of 2001-02, on sandy loam soil (silt 20 % and clay 19.61 %), acidic in reaction (pH 6.6), low in available nitrogen (182 kg N/ha) medium in phosphorus (24 kg P₂Os/ha) and potassium (198 K,O kg/ha), to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen on growth, development, yield, nitrogen utilization and profitability of wheat genotypes. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting of 3 nitrogen levels viz. 120, 150 and 180 kg/ha in main plot and 6 genotypes (NW 2026, WH 736, HD 2790, HUW 468, PBW 343 and HD 2733) in sub plots and replicated thrice. The results revealed that crop with 150 kg N/ha produced higher grain yield (49.37 q/ha), grain production rate (138.93 kg/ha/day), physical productivity (40.76) grain/ha/day), straw yield (77.12 q/ha) and biomass production rate (104.54 ha/day), dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, spike dry matter kg/ accumulation, spike growth rate, productive tillers (387.06/m²), spike length(8.96 cm), fertile spikelet (17.79), grains/ spike (48.01), net return (Rs. 26,918/ha), benefit cost ratio (2.25) and monetary productivity (222 Rs/ha/day) than the crop with 120 kg N/ha. Crop with 150 kg N/ha also absorbed more nitrogen (104.23 kg/ha) than the crop with 120 kg N/ha (85.12 kg/ha). Further increase in nitrogen beyond 150 kg N/ha was not at all beneficial. Wheat genotype NW 2026 produced maximum grain yield (51.43 q/ha), grain production rate (141.84 kg/ha/day), physical productivity (37.02 kg grain/ha/day) nitrogen utilization efficiency (34.28 kg grain/ kg N applied) and biomass production rate (100.31 kg/ha/day) because of higher dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and productive tillers (424.47/m²) than the remaining genotypes tested. "NW 2026' wheat also had maximum net return (27,293 Rs/ha) benefit cost ratio (Rs 2.28 per rupee investment) and monetary productivity (226 Rs/ha/day) compared to rest of genotypes tested. Further PBW 343 was the second best genotype having grain yield of 48.97 q/ha, net return of 25,645 Rs/ha and benefit cost ratio of Rs 2.14..ThesisItem Open Access Integrated Nutrient Management of Upland Rice(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2003) Kumar Kulwant Kishor; S. K. PalProductivity of rainfed upland rice is far below the national average, which needs to be increased through proper nutrient management to feed the ever increasing population. Hence a field experiment was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University farm, Ranchi during Kharif season of 2001, on sandy loam soil (Silt 25.2%, clay 16.5%), acidic in reaction (pH 5.8), medium in available nitrogen (330.69 kg N/ha), low in: phosphorus (34.5 kg P₂O,/ha) and potassium (220 kg K₂O/ha) to find out suitable nutrient management of upland rice for higher growth, productivity, profitability and nutrient utilization. treatments Ten s consisting of different combination of organic and inorganic nutrient as well as inorganic alone viz: (i) Farmer's practice kg urea/ha) (ii) Improved practice (100% NPK, N60 P30 K20 kg/ha), (iii) 150% NPK/ha (iv) St FYM /ha 100% NPK (v) St FYM /ha + 50% NPK, (vi) 2.5t FYM + 50% NPK, (vii) 2.5t vermicompost /ha + 100% NPK, (viii) 2.5t vermicompost /ha + 50% NPK, (ix) 1.25t vermicompost /ha + 50% NPK and (x) Rice: Green manure (2:1) + 100% NPK/ha were laid out in a randomized block design and replicated four times. Upland rice grown with 150% recommended NPK/ha produced timum grain (1302 kg/ha) and straw yield (4031 kg/ha) with biomass and grain production rate of 56.14 and 37.2 kg/ha/day respectively. This was followed application of St FYM /ha + 100% NPK and 2.5t vermicompost/ha by + 100% NPK This was attributed to high yield attributing characters like productive tillers (170.25/m²), panicle length (16.95cm), panicle weight (1.49g), number of grains per panicle (50.25), filled grains per panicle (43.82), grain weight per panicle (1.2g) and 1000-seed weight (24.95g). Upland rice with 150% recommenced fertilizer also produced maximum dry matter (666.65 g/m²) and its partitioning into grain owing to higher leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative crop growth rate and net assimilation rate. Similarly, maximum net return (Rs. 2368/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (Rs. 0.38 per rupee investment) was recorded with 150% NPK, which was on par with application of St FYM/ha + 100% NPK. Application of 150% recommended NPK also recorded maximum nutrient uptake (38.84:9.86: 81.50 kg NPK/ha) as well as soil available nutrient after crop harvest (326.14 33.10 218.40 kg NPK/ha) and hence minimized nutrient loss (4.55: 1.4 1.6 kg NPK/ha) during crop period. This was followed by application of St FYM/ha + 100% NPK and 2.5t vermicompost /ha + 100 % NPK respectively. Based on the findings of present investigation it can be concluded that growing of upland rice either with 150% recommended NPK (90 45 30 kg NPK/ha) or integration of St FYM/ha + 100% NPK is suitable nutrient management system for better growth, higher productivity as well as profitability, nutrient utilization and soil health.
