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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    WEED MANAGEMENT IN WET DIRECT SEEDED RICE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2018) PRINCE KUMAR GUPTA; Sheela Barla
    Direct seeded rice coupled with early maturing variety has received much attention because of its low-input demand, encouraged many farmers in India to switch from transplanted rice to direct seeded rice culture. Weeds are considered to be limiting factor in harnessing full yield potentiality of rice. Hence present investigation was undertaken during kharif season of 2017 to evaluate the competing ability of different high yielding rice cultivar and methods of weed control to increase rice production. The present experiment was conducted in the Agronomical Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand during kharif season of 2017.The experimental soil was clay loam in texture with low organic carbon (3.6 g/kg), moderately acidic (pH 5.7), having low available nitrogen (190.76 kg/ha), high phosphorus (31.33 kg/ha) and medium potassium (182.27 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 4 weed management viz, weed free up to 15 days, weed free up to 30 days, weed free up to 45 days and weedy check. and 5 rice cultivar in sub plot i.e. DRR Dhan 44, DRR Dhan 45, DRR Dhan 46, RP Bio 226 and Swarna Shreya, altogether comprising 20 treatment combinations replicated three times. The crop was sown on 17 July 2017 with RDF 80:40:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha and seed rate `60kg/ha. Weed free up to 45 days was found most effective in reducing weed density and weed dry weight, as it recorded 86.44% and 80.58 % lower than weedy check (210.44) resulting maximum weed control efficiency i.e. 80.53 per cent at maturity. Weed free up to 45 days recorded higher crop dry weight, grains/panicle, grain yield and harvest index to the tune of 58.32, 35.89, 60.70 and 8.65 percent higher as compared to their respective values under weedy check. Consequently recorded maximum net return (`61746/ha) and B: C ratio(1.63) and was 73.07% and 73.00% higher as compare to values under weedy check and also 15.64% and 15.33% higher as compared weed free upto 30 days. Rice cultivar DRR Dhan 46 recorded 38.28 and 20.40% reduced weed density and weed dry weight compared to cultivar Swarna Shreya resulting in maximum weed control efficiency i.e. 53.04 per cent at maturity. DRR Dhan 46 recorded higher crop dry weight ,grains/panicle, grain yield and harvest index to the extent of 29.84%, 16.37% , 30.26% and 3.25% as compare to Swarna Shreya i.e. 874.49 g/m2, 93.23, 3.41 t/ha, and 36.56% respectively consequently recorded higher net return (`59332 /ha) and B:C ratio(1.57). The combination of DRR Dhan 46 with weed free up 45 days recorded reduced weed dry weight to the extent of 88.96% as compared to lowest recorded with Swarna Shreya under weedy check, consequently maximum grains/panicle (138.17), 1000 grain weight (28.83g), yield (6.30t/ha), net return (`78082/ha) as well as B:C ratio (2.06). From the above findings it may be concluded that keeping Weed free up to 45 days in rice cultivar DRR Dhan 46 was found most suitable for obtaining maximum yield as well as profit in DSR method of cultivation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of Rice and Wheat Varieties for Higher Productivity in Rice-wheat System Under Organic Farming
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumar, Manoj; Singh, C.S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PRECISION NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN IRRIGATED WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) ., Sulochna; Alam, P.
    Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is known as king of cereals. It is an important cereal crop for the majority of habitants on the earth. Wheat is the most important staple food for 36% of the world population. It is cultivated in all the continents of the world. Wheat crop is fertilizer responsive and exhibit full yield potential when supplied with adequate quantities of nitrogenous fertilizer. The farmers of Jharkhand are compelled to use either insufficient dose of N-fertilizer due to poor economic status or excessive dose of N-fertilizer because of poor knowhow. Therefore, nitrogenous fertilizers should be applied in right quantities and at right time. Keeping these points in view the present investigation was carried out. A field experiment entitled “Precision Nitrogen Management in Irrigated Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was carried out on sandy loam soil, slightly acidic in reaction(pH 5.5), having low organic carbon (0.32%) and available nitrogen (175.6 kg/ha) with medium available phosphorus (15.38 kg/ha) and exchangeable potassium (183.46 kg/ha) during Rabi 2017-18 at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in RBD with 12 treatments replicated thrice. The wheat variety was HD2967, seed rate was 125 kg/ha and date of sowing was 25-11-2017. The treatments comprising of: T1- absolute control, T2 to T4 - application of 120 kg N in two and three split doses, T5 to T7 - application of 150 kg N in two and three split doses, T8 to T10 - application of 180 kg N in two and three split doses and T11 andT12 (guided by Greenseeker by NDVI technique taken at 45DAS and 65DAS) were applied with 136 kg N and 140 kg N in three spilt doses respectively. The two splits consisted of at sowing + at CRI and three splits consisted of at sowing + at CRI + at tillering stage. Results revealed that N-Management as 180 kg N in three split dose produced significantly taller plant (110.67 cm) whereas higher total number of tillers(424.5), dry matter (1307.5 g/m2) and crop growth rate (8.14 g/m2/day) were found by the application of 140 kg N in three split dose. Precision N-Management guided by Greenseeker in 140 kg N in three split dose recorded significantly higher yield attributing characters namely effective tillers/m2 (410.56), spike length (12.96 cm), spikelets/spike (21.66), filled grains/spike (53.10), unfilled grains/spike (2.56) and 1000 grain weight (42.80 g). Grain yield (48.39 q/ha), straw yield (71.22 q/ha), cost of cultivation (` 31848/ha), gross return (` 87543/ha), net return (` 55694/ha) and B:C ratio 1.75 were found to be maximum in 140 kg N in three split dose. Application of 140 kg N in three split dose increased the nitrogen content in grain (1.959 %) and in straw (0.565 %), phosphorus content in grain (0.362 %) and in straw (0.077 %), potassium content in grain (0.495 %) and in straw (1.605 %), nitrogen uptake in grain (94.63 kg/ha) and in straw (40.53 kg/ha), phosphorus uptake in grain (17.50 kg/ha) and in straw (5.50 kg/ha) and potassium uptake in grain (23.95 kg/ha) and in straw (115.09 kg/ha). Improved nitrogen use efficiency was obtained due to application of N-Management based on Greenseeker optical sensor which was determined in terms of agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and physiological efficiency. Agronomic efficiency (19.68%) and recovery efficiency (53.46%) were significantly maximum in 140 kg N in three split dose however physiological efficiency was highest (48.14%) in 120 kg N in two split dose. Hence, on the basis of one year data it can be concluded that application of 140 kg N in three split doses i.e. 30 kg N as basal, 60 kg N at CRI and Greenseeker guided nitrogen application of 40 kg at 45 DAS (second irrigation) and 10 kg at 65 DAS (third irrigation) recorded the highest grain yield (48.39 q/ha), straw yield (71.72 q/ha), net return (` 55694/ha) and B:C ratio (1.75). Also application of Greenseeker (NDVI technique) under precision nitrogen management increased the agronomic efficiency from 13.06% to 19.68% and recovery efficiency from 33.73% to 53.46% with a saving of 10 kg N in comparison to 150 kg N.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPLANTED RICE (Oryza sativa L.) THROUGH NEEM COATED UREA
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumar, Kuldeep; Singh, Arvind Kr.
    Rice is the most important cereal grain in the world, constituting the dietary staple food for more than half of the planet’s human population. In world, rice has been occupying an area of 158.89 million hectares, with a total production of 471.83 million tonnes. India is the second largest producer after China has an area of over 43.50 million hectare with production 104.4 million tonnes with productivity 3.60 tonnes/ha of rice (FAO, 2016). In Jharkhand, rice is grown in about 1.51 million ha with production of 3.16 million tonnes and productivity of 2.9 tonnes/ha which is far behind national average (3.60 t/ha). To maintain self-sufficiency, annual production of rice needs to increase by 2 million tonnes every year. In Jharkhand, generally rice is grown by transplanting during wet season. N fertilizer applied to rice crops is partially lost through different mechanisms, including ammonia volatilization, de-nitrification and leaching. Neem Coated Urea (NCU) applied to rice can result in high N use efficiency as it contains nitrification inhibition properties. In rice ecosystem about 60-70% of the applied nitrogen gets lost due to different losses viz., leaching, volatilization etc. The increase in nitrogen use efficiency by 1% will lead to a substantial increase in rice productivity. A field experiment entitled “Nitrogen Management in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.) through Neem Coated Urea” was conducted during Kharif 2016 at Agricultural farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, with an objective to study the effect of rate and time of application of neem coated urea on growth, yield attributes and yields, and nitrogen uptake as well as available soil NPK status after harvest of rice. The experiment was laid out in Randomize Block Design with nine treatments i.e. T1 -100 % PU 1/3rd basal + 1/3rd Max. Tillering + 1/3rd PI, T2- 75 % NCU 1/3rd basal + 1/3rd Max. Tillering + 1/3rd PI, T3- 100 % NCU 1/3rd basal + 1/3rd Max. Tillering + 1/3rd PI, T4- 125 % NCU 1/3rd basal + 1/3rd Max. Tillering + 1/3rd PI, T5- 100 % NCU 1/2nd basal + 1/2nd Max. Tillering, T6- 100 % NCU 3/4th basal + 1/4th Max. Tillering, T7- 100 % NCU 1/4th basal + 3/4th Max. Tillering, T8-100 % NCU basal and T9- Control. The treatments were replicated thrice with medium duration rice variety Naveen. Result revealed that growth and yield attributes viz. plant height, total tillers, dry matter accumulations, CGR, maximum panicles/m2, grains/panicle, fertile grains/panicle and 1000 grain weight recorded significantly better with application of 125 % NCU 1/3rd basal + 1/3rd Max. Tillering + 1/3rd PI than all the treatments but was found at par with treatment T3 and T2. It was also observed that application of 125 % NCU 1/3rd basal + 1/3rd Max. Tillering + 1/3rd PI recorded maximum grain yield (56.70 q/ha), straw yield (82.10 q/ha), harvest index (40.84) net return (Rs`64764) and B: C ratio (2.21) which was better than all the treatments except 100 % NCU 1/3rd basal + 1/3rd Max. Tillering + 1/3rd PI and 75 % NCU 1/3rd basal + 1/3rd Max. Tillering + 1/3rd PI. Based on one year of experimentation it may be concluded that application of 90 kg N through neem coated urea (75 % RDN) as 1/3rd basal + 1/3rd maximum tillering + 1/3rd panicle initiation stage along with 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O may be economically viable option for transplanted rice variety Naveen.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) UNDER INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Roy, Ashok Kumar; Ali, Naiyar
    Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is commonly known as ragi or marua. Finger millet is important minor millet grown in India. It is 6th important crop of India after rice, wheat, maize, sorghum and barley. Nutritionally, finger millet is good source of nutrients especially of calcium, other minerals and fibre. Wide adaptations, easy cultivation, free from major pests and diseases and drought tolerance have made this crop an indispensable component of dry farming system. Integrated Nutrient Management in crop production is gaining importance now-a-days among farmers in rainfed agro ecosystems of Jharkhand because it provides direct and indirect benefits and assured livelihood security to the farming community. Keeping this point in view, the present research was taken up to develop an INM technology for direct sown finger millet under rain fed condition. A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2016 at Birsa Agricultural University, Farm, Kanke, entitled “Performance of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) under integrated nutrient management practices” in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments replicated thrice. The objectives were to study growth, yield, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and economics of finger millet production under integrated nutrient management practices. The soil of experimental site was sandy loam, acidic in reaction (pH 5.4), low in available nitrogen (232.47 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (14.30 kg/ha) and potassium (131.84 kg/ha). Ragi cultivar A404 was of medium duration with seed rate 10 kg/ha. Results revealed that application of FYM (10 t/ha) + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus spp. + Psuedomonas flurosence @ 20 g/kg seed each) + ZnSO4 (12.5 kg/ha) + Borax (5kg/ha) + 100% RDF recorded maximum growth parameters viz., no. of tillers/m2 (133.3), leaf area index (4.35) and CGR (18.21 g/m2/day) at 90 DAS whereas plant height (127.2 cm) and dry matter accumulation (1220.7 g/m2) were at maturity. It was also observed that application of FYM (10 t/ha) + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus spp. + Psuedomonas flurosence @ 20 g/kg seed each) + ZnSO4 (12.5 kg/ha) + Borax (5kg/ha) + 75% RDF recorded higher effective tillers/m2 (111.72), weight of ear (8.57 g), finger length (7.40 cm), no. of grains/ear (1203) and grain yield (3773.7 kg/ha). Total uptake of N and P by the crop was higher with application FYM (10t/ha) + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus spp. + Psuedomonas flurosence @ 20 g/kg seed each) + ZnSO4 (12.5 kg/ha) + Borax (5kg/ha) + 75% RDF and was followed by application of FYM (10 t/ha) + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus spp. + Psuedomonas flurosence @ 20 g/kg seed each) + ZnSO4(12.5 kg/ha) + Borax (5kg/ha) + 100% RDF whereas total uptake of K was higher with application of FYM (10 t/ha) + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus spp. + Psuedomonas flurosence @ 20 g/kg seed each) + ZnSO4 (12.5 kg/ha) + Borax (5kg/ha) + 100% RDF. Highest net return (􀀀 52272/ha) and B: C ratio (2.55) were recorded with the application of FYM (10 t/ha) + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus spp. + Psuedomonas flurosence @ 20 g/kg seed each) + ZnSO4 (12.5 kg/ha) + Borax (5kg/ha) + 75% RDF. On the basis of one year experimentation, it may be concluded that application of FYM (10 t/ha) + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus spp. + Psuedomonas flurosence @ 20 g/kg seed each) + ZnSO4 (12.5 kg/ha) + Borax (5kg/ha) + 75% RDF is the better INM practice for finger millet cultivation for higher grain yield and economic return under rainfed condition of Jharkhand.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) UNDER DIFFERENT CROP ESTABLISHMENT METHODS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumar, Chandan; Kumari, Nargis
    Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) is an important cereal crop for subsistence agriculture in dry areas of Eastern Africa, India and Sri Lanka. It is the 6th important crop of India after rice, wheat, maize, sorghum and barley. The grain of finger millet is rich in amino acids. It is also a rich source of calcium, iron, protein, fibre and other minerals which are all crucial for human health. It is an important dryland crop due to its resilience and ability to withstand aberrant weather conditions and generally grown in soils having poor water holding capacity and nutrient supplying capacity. Therefore, upland rice can be easily replaced by finger millet under dryland areas. The production level of finger millet is low due to lack of many monetary and nonmonetary inputs, because it is cultivated traditionally by broadcasting in most of the cases and behind the plough to some extent but with low inputs under uplands situation. It results low production and productivity of finger millet. Important reasons are low organic matter in soil, lack of suitable variety and faulty or not suitable crop establishment methods. Among them, crop establishment method is one of the most important non-monetary input to increase production per unit area of finger millet. Keeping this point in view the present investigation was taken up. A field experiment was conducted during Kharif (2016) at Farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, to study the “Performance of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) under different crop establishment methods” with objectives to study growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of finger millet production under different crop establishment methods. The soil of experimental site was sandy loam, acidic in reaction (pH- 5.3) and low in available nitrogen (278 Kg ha-1) and medium in phosphorus (13 Kg ha-1) and potassium (129 Kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 7 treatments comprising of T1 : Transplanting 2-3 seedlings per hill in flat bed at 30 cm x 10 cm, T2 : Transplanting 2-3 seedlings per hill in furrow bed at 30 cm x 10 cm, T3 : Square planting 2-3 seedlings per hill at 30 cm x 30 cm, T4 : square planting 2-3 seedlings per hill at 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm, T5 : Transplanting 13 days old seedlings at 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm and 1 seedling per hill, T6 : Direct sowing 1-2 seeds per hill at 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm, T7: Sowing through seed drill at 30 cm x 10 cm. The treatments were replicated thrice with medium duration variety A -404 having seed rate 10 kg ha-1. Results revealed that transplanting of 13 days old seedlings at 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm spacing and 1 seedling per hill (T5) recorded significantly maximum value of growth parameters viz; no. of tillers m-2 (115.23), leaf area index (3.50), CGR (15.63 g m-2 day-1) at 90 DAS whereas plant height (110.2 cm.) and dry matter accumulation (1018.45 g m-2) at maturity. It was also observed that transplanting of 13 days old seedlings at 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm spacing and 1 seedling per hill (T5) recorded significantly maximum effective tillers m-2 (110.72), weight of ear (9.36 g), ear length (6.35 cm), no. of grain per ear (2623) and yielded significantly the highest grain ( 3205 Kg ha-1) and straw ( 6458 Kg ha-1) yield, being at par with square planting at 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm spacing with 2-3 seedlings per hill (T4). Regarding nutrient uptake (N, P, K) by the crop it was significantly maximum 54.6, 14.6, 65.7 Kg ha-1 in establishment method of transplanting 13 days old seedlings at 22.5 m x 22.5 cm spacing (T5), which was comparable to square planting 2-3 seedlings per hill at 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm spacing (T4). Similarly significantly highest net return (36191 ₹ ha-1) and B: C ratio were observed with the same establishment method (T5). On the basis of one year experimentation, it may be concluded that transplanting of 13 days old seedlings at 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm spacing and 1 seedling per hill is the best crop establishment method for finger millet cultivation and can be practiced with recommended dose of fertilizer @ 50: 30: 25 (N: P: K Kg ha-1) for better crop growth, higher productivity and profitability under rainfed condition of Jharkhand.