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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 1996 × Start date: 1996 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Intergated Weed Management In Pigeonpea+Soybean Intercroping System
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Arvind Kumar; G.P. Srivastava
    Studies on integrated weed management in pigeonpea + soybean intercropping system were conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 1994-95 in Ultipaleustalf-Red loam soil (belonging to the Red-Yellow-Light-Grey catenary soil Asso ciation Group representing major soil group of Chotanagpur plateau) of Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design with three replications and fifteen treatments consisting of un weeded control, weed free check, stalebed preparation, one hand weeding (30 DAS), two hand weedings (30 and 60 DAS), Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha and 2 kg/ha, metolachlor 1 kg/ha and 2 kg/ha, Alachlor 1 kg/ha and 2 kg/ha, pendimethalin e 1 kg/ha + one hand weeding, alachlor 1 kg/ha + one hand weeding, metolachlor @ 1 kg/ha + one hand weeding and pendimethalin @ 1 kg/ha + alachlor 1 kg/ha. The recommended dose of 20 kg N, 40 kg P205 and 20 kg K₂0/ha was applied both in pigeonpea and soybean crops in the form of urea, single superphosphate and muriate of potash, respectively. The results of experiment revealed that among the different weed management treatments, weed free check produced maximum pigeonpea equivalent grain yield (24.8 q/ha), followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha + one hand weeding (21.5 q/ha) and two hand weedings (19.1 q/ha) resulting in per cent increase in pigeonpea equivalent grains yield of 191.8, 152.9 and 124.7, respectively over unseeded control. Maximum net return (Rs 18,682/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (3.09) was obtained by weed free check. This was followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha + one hand weeding (net return of Rs 15,525/ha and benefiticost ratio of 2.59) and two hand weedings (net return of Ra 13,200/ha and benefit cost ratio of 2.23). Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1 kg/ ha + one hand weeding had wider weed control efficiency (%) and weed suppression effect (%). This was followed by the treatment two hand weedings (30 and 60 DAS). Highest nitrogen (245.7 kg N/ha), phosphorus (30.6 kg P20/ha) and potassium (111.4 kg K₂0/ha) uptake were re corded by weed free check, followed by the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha + one hand weeding (202.4 kg N, 25.3 kg P205 and 91.4 kg K20/ha, respectively) and two hand weedings (187.4 kg N, 21 kg P205 and 78.4 kg K₂0/ ha, respectively).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Beushening VS Chemical Weed Control In Performance Of Rainfed Lowland Rice
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Rama Shankar Singh; G.P.Saha
    In order to study busheling VS chemical weed Control in performance of lowland rice, an experiment was conducted in the Eastern Section of the Ranchi Agricultural College Farm, Kanke, Ranchi under rainfed lowland condition during the kharif season (July November, 1994). The expe riment was laidout in the randomised block design. The treatments included bushening at 25 DAS (Standard practice), 355 at 40 DAS (Common practice) and at 25 DAS alongwith 1 HW at 40 DAS, post emergence application of 2,4-D 0.75 and 1.5 kg aa/ha AS and papergence application of each and butachlor 2 kg ai/ha 20DAS each with and without 1 HW at 40 DAS, two hand-weedings at 25 and 40 DAS together with a weedy check. Thus, there were eleven treatments which were replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental plot was silt loam, low in fertility and slightly acidic in reaction. Among the treatments, two hand-weedings (25 and 40 DAS) gave maximum grain yield. It was followed in decreasing order by that with butachlor 2 kg ai/ha 20DAS + 1 HW 40 DAS and 2,4-D 0.75 kg ae/ha 20 DAS. Among the other treatments bushening 25 DAS + 1 HW 40 DAS was found as effective as two hand-weedings. Similarly, in increasing straw yield two hand weedings showed superiority over the remaining treatments. It was followed in decreasing order by that with butachlor 2 kg ai/ha 20 DAS 1 HW 40 DAS, 2,4-D 0.75 kg ae/ha 20 DAS 1 HW 40 DAS, butachlor 2 kg ai/ha 20DAS, 2,4-D 0.75 kg ae/ha 20 DAS and bushening 40 DAS (Common practice). However, among the other treatments only bushening 25 DAS + 1 HW 40 DAS was found equally effective with two hand-weed ings (25 and 40 DAS) in increasing straw yield. So far net return is concerned butachlor 2 kg ai/ha 20 DAS 1 HW 40 DAS was found as good as bushening 25 DAS + 1 HW 40 DAS and two hand-weedings (25 and 40 DAS) and the return hereunder was significantly higher than that with the remaining treatments. However, when the returns were compared at with and without one hand-weeding at 40 DAS, it was found that whether it was bushening or chemical measures, association of one hand-weeding at 40 DAS gave more returns than without its association. However, when benefit/cost ratio was calculated, buta chlor e 2 kg ai/ha 20 DAS + 1 HW 40 DAS, 2,4-D 0.75 kg ae/ha 20 DAS 1 HW 40 DAS, butachlor 2 kg ai/ha 20DAS bushening 25 DAS (Standard practice) + 1 HW 40 DAS, 2,4-D 1.5 kg ae/ha 20 DAS 1 HW 40 DAS and 2,4-D 0.75 kg ae/ha 20 DAS dis played higher ratio as compared to two hand-weedings (25 and 40 DAS) but compared to weedy check all the measures gave greater ratio. The above results clearly indicate that under the above soil and fertility condition treatments like bushening 25 DAS 1 HW 40 DAS and butachlor 2 kg ai/ha 20DAS + 1 HW 40 DAS should be adopted from productivity as well as profitability point of view. Moreover, this is the result of a single year and hence, for the confirmation of the result, the investigation needs to be repeated.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integrated Effect of Organic Sources and Inorganic Nitrogen Levels on Transplanted Rice (oryza Sativa L)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sanjay Kumar; I.P.Sharma
    A field investigation was carried out to study the integrated effect of organic sources and inorganic nitrogen levels on transplanted rice (IR-36) under wet land condition during the kharif season of 1994 at BAU Farm, Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Each replication consisted of nine treatments. Combination of 3 levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-¹) and three sources of organic nitrogen (FYM @ 5t ha-¹, BGA @ 10kg ha-¹ and karanj cake @ 600kg ha-¹). The treatment combination was T₁ - 0 kg N ha-¹ 5 t FYM ha-¹, 7₂-50 kg N ha-¹ + St FYN ha-¹, T3-100 kg N ha-¹ + 5 t FYN ha-¹, T₁-0 kg N ha-¹. -1 10 kg BGA ha ¹. T-50 kg N ha-¹ +10 kg BGA ha-¹, T-100 kg N 1+ 10 kg BGA ha-¹, T₂-0 kg N ha-¹ 600 kg karanj cake ha-¹, Tg- 50 kg N ha-¹ + 600 kg karanj cake ha-¹, T- 100 kg N ha-¹ 600 kg karanj cake ha¹. 50 kg P₂05 and 50 kg K₂0 per hectare were applied as basal dose. N, P and K were applied form of Urea, SSP and MOP. The soil of the experimental site was loamy in texture, low to medium in fertility status and slightly acidic in reaction (pH- 6.2). It is evident from the data that inorganic nitrogen levels influenced significantly the height of rice plant, number of leaves per hill, number of effective tillers par hill, dry matter par hill, length of panicle, number of grains per panicle and thousand grain weights. Effect of different organic sources of nitrogen was statistically at par. A close perusal of the experimental finding clearly indicated that when 100 kg N ha-¹ was applied in soil, it recorded the maximum grain yield. But maximum not profit was obtained when 100 kg N ha-¹ + 10 kg BGA ha-¹ was applied in soil (Rs.5190.33 not return ha-¹) followed by treatment receiving 100 kg N ha-¹ + 5 t FYM ha-¹ (Rs.5011.22 ha-¹ not return). The benefit : cost ratio was maximum (1.74) when 100 kg N ha-¹ + 10 kg BGA ha-¹ was applied followed by treatment receiving 100 kg N ha-¹ + 5 t FYM ha-¹ (1.66). Nutrient status of soil after harvesting of crops 1.e organic carbon, available N and P content of soil was found to increase in different treatment from initial value whereas K contents of soil slightly decreased from initial value. Moreover, all these results are of a single year and hence, for the confirmation of result, the investigation needs to be repeated.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integrated Weed Management In Pigeonpea + Soybean Intercropping System
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Binod Kumar; K. Prasad
    The growth and development of pigeonpea and maize in pure stand as well as Intercropping systems was studied in relation to weed management. The slow vegetative growth of pigeon pea in the initial stage might he helpful in keeping this crop as an inter crop with maize after adopting suitable crop production measures Slow vegetative growth of pigeonpea up to first 5.10 weeks of sowing (Gangwar, 1992) provides an opportunity to weeds to germinate and to develop their vigour and this situation is also favourable for crop-weed competition for space, niatients, moisture and sunlight. With this view, an experiment was conducted in split plot design keeping cropping systems in main plot (sole pigeonpea, sole maize and intercopping of pigeonpea + maize) and weed management (Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg. a.i. fha, fluchloralin 1.0 kg. a.i./ha, metolachlor e 0.75 kg. a /ha as pre. emergence, hand weeding at 15,30,45,60 DAS and control) sown in 60 c.m. apart rows at university furt during kharif season of 1994-95. It was found that suppression of weeds was maximum (232.66 / m) in intercropping system followed by sole cropping of maize (252.58/m) and pigeonpea (298.46/m). All the weed control measures were significantly superior to weedy check with respect to weed population Effect of pendimethalin & fluchloralin was significantly better than control. But manual weeding was more effective than application of herbicides On the basis of pigeonpea equivalent yield of the system, intercropping gave maximum veild (22.90 q/ha) followed by sole crop of pigeonpea (14.00 q/ha) and maize (10.91 q/ha). Effect of fluchloralin (1.0 kg. a.i./ha) was found superior to other weed control measures except hand weeding. These findings are in accordance with the result obtained by Prasad and Srivastava (1991). It was further observed that benefit: cost ratio was more in intercropping (1.54) system than that found under sole crop of maize (1.24) or pigeonpea (0.97). Fluchloralin treated plots gave maximum benefit: cost ratio (1.49) followed by metolachlor (1.27) and Pendimethalin (1.24).