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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Bharti, Jaya × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN RICE ESTABLISHMENT METHODS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Bharti, Jaya; Kumar Singh, Ashok
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world’s most important crop and primary source of food for more than half of the world’s population. At the current population growth rate (1.5 percent), the requirement of rice by the year 2025 would be around 125 million tons. The possibility of expanding the area under rice is limited in near future. Therefore, there is a need of productivity gain with good management practices. Rice is grown mostly through transplanting in India, in spite of the fact that transplanting is cumbersome practice and requires more labour. In such circumstances, dry direct seeding or wet direct seeding through drum seeder may be an alternative to transplanting in boosting the rice production. Nutrient management is also a major component of soil and crop management system which increases the productivity of rice. Knowing the required nutrients for all stages of growth and understanding the soil's ability to supply them is critical for profitable crop production. Keeping these points in view an experiment on “Nutrient management in rice establishment methods” was conducted at Rice Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, during Kharif -2018 with the objectives to find out the effect of rice establishment methods and nutrient management practices on growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of rice. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design replicated thrice with variety Naveen. The treatments comprised of three different rice establishment methods viz., normal transplanting (M1) , wet direct seeding using drum seeder ( M2) and aerobic rice (M3) assigned to main plots and five nutrient management practices viz., RDF( 80:40:20 Kg NPK/ha - F1), 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM (60:30:15 kg NPK/ha + 20 kg N through FYM - F2) , RDF + 25% N through FYM (80:40:20 kg NPK/ha + 20 kg N through FYM - F3) , LCC based Nitrogen application (F4) and Control (No fertilizer) (F5) assigned to sub plots . The soil was clay loam in texture and slightly acidic (6.2) in reaction, medium in organic carbon (4.3 g) and available nitrogen (230.00 kg/ha), phosphorous (36.8 kg/ha) and potassium (161.20 kg/ha). Results revealed that growth parameters i.e. total tillers/m2 at maturity and dry matter accumulation at maturity was maximum in wet direct seeding using drum seeder (267 and 1292.20 g/m2 respectively). Among the different nutrient management practices RDF + 25% N through FYM produced maximum total tillers/m2 (284) and dry matter accumulation (1406.67 g/m2) at maturity. The leaf area index (3.58) and crop growth rate (8.53 g/m2/day) was also maximum in wet direct seeding using drum seeder at 90 DAS/T and 90 DAS/T- maturity respectively. RDF + 25% N through FYM (3.77) and LCC based N application being at par among themselves produced maximum leaf area index (3.75) at maturity. Yield attributing characters ie. Panicles/m2 (251), Panicle weight (3.38 g) and number of fertile grains/panicle (109) was also recorded maximum in wet direct seeded rice using drum seeder which were at par with normal transplanting but significantly superior to aerobic rice. Among the different nutrient management practices RDF + 25% N through FYM produced maximum Panicle/m2 (277), Panicle weight (3.60 g) and fertile grains/panicle (118) and was comparable with LCC based N application. Grain yield and straw yield also followed the similar trend as yield attributing characters. Wet direct seeding of rice using drum seeder recorded maximum grain yield (42.19 q/ha) and straw yield (65.22 q/ha) which were comparable with transplanting method but were significantly superior to aerobic rice. Among the nutrient management practices , RDF + 25% N through FYM produced maximum grain yield (46.33 q/ha) and straw yield (71.53 q/ha ) which was significantly better than rest of the treatments except LCC based N application. The nutrient uptake of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium was recorded maximum in wet direct seeded rice using drum seeder and in the plot treated with RDF +25% N through FYM. Among the different establishment methods wet direct seeding of rice using drum seeder recorded maximum net return (58337 `/ha) which is significantly better than rest of the treatments. The B : C ratio was also maximum with wet direct seeding using drum seeder (2.00) which is significantly at par with aerobic rice (1.93). Among the various nutrient management practices the higher net return (64030 `/ha) and B:C ratio (2.28) was recorded with LCC based N application.