Loading...
Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur
Browse
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Study on the Biotic Potential and Nutritional Indices of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Different Host Plants(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2024) SRUTHI.K.K; S. Ramesh BabuThe destructive lepidopteran pest, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) showed resistance to various groups of insecticides, underscoring the urgent need for economically and ecologically viable management techniques. This necessity is addressed by identifying FAW's preferred hosts and this study primarily focused on assessing the impact of different host plants and an artificial diet composed of chickpea powder, wheat germ and corn flour on various nutritional indices and biotic potential parameters of the FAW under laboratory conditions at the Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. FAW larvae completed the lifecycle in 35.92 ± 0.33 days within the host maize, with the longest duration observed in Desmodium and brinjal at 56.33 ± 0.67 days and 56.14 ± 0.94 days, respectively. The third instar larval weight was reported to be highest on maize at 0.05 ± 0.002 g and the fourth, fifth, and sixth instar’s weights were the highest on soybean and ranged from 0.15 ± 0.011 to 0.50 ± 0.01 g. Pupae development was better on an artificial diet, with a weight of 0.22 ± 0.01 g, length of 1,60 ± 0.02 cm, and width of 0.41 ± 0.004 cm. The number of egg masses and eggs laid by the adult females of FAW was observed to be the highest on the artificial diet, 13.33 ± 0.88 and 1315 ± 64.51, respectively. When examining the nutritional indices value of third instar larvae, cabbage showed the highest ECI & ECD values (23.10 ± 3.03 %, 34.64 ± 4.75 %, respectively). In contrast, these values were lowest on an artificial diet (ECI: 16.55 ± 1.19 % and ECD: 16.07 ± 1.09, respectively). The AD of the 3rd instar was the highest on an artificial diet (83.94 ± 1.14 %). The highest value of RGR and CI were observed on artificial diet (0.84 ± 0.06 g/g body wt/day and 5.10 ± 0.20 g/g body wt/day, respectively), while the lowest were on Desmodium (0.41 ± 0.02 g/g body wt/day and 2.44 ± 0.38 g/g body wt/day, respectively). In the case of fourth instar larvae, ECI was highest on brinjal (22.96 ± 1.14 %) and lowest on tomato (18.93 ± 0.65 %). ECD values were highest on cabbage (39.31 ± 2.00 %) and lowest on an artificial diet (24.19 ± 2.36 %). AD of fourth instar larvae was the highest on tomato (69.64 ± 1.73 %) and the lowest on maize (51.87 ± 1.21 %). However, RGR was the highest on brinjal (0.67 ± 0.02 g/g body wt/day). The highest CI was on soybean (3.50 ± 0.12 g/g body wt/day) and the lowest on Desmodium (1.79 ± 0.17 g/g body wt/day). The FAW's ECI value for fifth instar larvae peaked on Desmodium (23.46 ± 1.61 %) and was lowest on maize (9.15 ± 0.37 %). The highest ECD value for the fifth instar was recorded on brinjal (30.08 ± 1.08 %) and the lowest on the artificial diet (23.33 ± 0.83 %). RGR was highest on the artificial diet (0.54 ± 0.02 g/g body wt/day) and lowest on cabbage (0.19 ± 0.01 g/g body wt/day). AD reached its peak on tomato (64.26 ± 1.61 %). On the artificial diet, the CI of the fifth instar was the highest, at 3.00 ± 0.11 g/g body wt/day. The ECI of sixth instar larvae had the highest recorded on Desmodium (19.19 ± 1.68 %). ECD peaked on cabbage (26.32 ± 3.31 %) and was lowest on the artificial diet (14.29 ± 0.97 %). The highest AD value was found for tomato (58.94 ± 2.32 g/g body wt/day) and the lowest for soybean (32.79 ± 2.06 g/g body wt/day). Brinjal showed the highest RGR value (0.22 ± 0.01), while maize had the smallest (0.15 ± 0.02 g/g body wt/day). Tomato had the highest CI value for sixth instar larvae (1.64 ± 0.10 g/g body wt/day), while Desmodium had the lowest (1.00 ± 0.11 g/g body wt/day).ThesisItem Open Access Bio-ecology of Orthopteran Fauna in Maize Ecosystem of Udaipur Region(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2024) RISHI RAJ SINGH CHUNDAWAT; S. Ramesh BabuThe investigations on “Bio-ecology of Orthopteran Fauna in Maize Ecosystem of Udaipur Region” were carried out at Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during July to November 2023, with the following objectives of studying the diversity of short-horned and long-horned grasshoppers in maize along with the identification and characterization of collected orthopterans. Total of 13 species were recorded from 5 acridid genera and 5 tettigonid genera. The collected acridid genera (5) belonged to three sub-families (Acridinae, Hemiacridinae and Oedipodinae) identified as Acrida Linnaeus, Aiolopus Fieber, Hieroglyphus Krauss, Trilophidia Stal, and Parahieroglyphus Carl. The collected tettigonid genera (4) belonged to three sub-families (Phaneropterinae, Conocephalinae, Mecopodinae and Hexacentrinae) identified as Isopsera Brunner von Wattenwyl, Elimaea Stal, Conocephalus Thunberg, Mecopoda Serville and Hexacentrus Serville. From the two collected families Acrididae and Tettigonidae, it was observed that short-horned grasshoppers showed more abundance and higher diversity than the long-horned grasshopper. Diversity Indices namely Shannon Diversity Index and Simpson’s Diversity Index ranging from 4.9-6.82 and 1.69-1.93 respectively for Acrididae and 1.95-7.60 and 0.68-1.74 respectively for Tettigonidae. Among acridids species H.nigrorepletus showed highest abundance and relative density 59.4% at Mavli in the month of October followed by H. banian i.e., 37.6% at Mavli. Among the members of tettigonids species Conocephalus maculatus showed highest abundance and relative density 64.29% at Girwa in the month of July followed by Conocephalus veginalis i.e., 62.5% at Vallabhnagar in the month of November. Abundance and diversity of long-horned grasshoppers was recorded significantly at evening hours as compare to morning hours. Based on the external morphology, two long-horned and four short-horned grasshopper were identified and the same was confirmed with the molecular analysis. In the study, the COI gene sequences from Mecopodaelongata, Hexacentrus japonicas, Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus, H. banian, Aiolopus thalassinus and Trilophidia annulata samples showed a length of 620,602,542,603,654 and 641 bp, respectively and BLASTn searches confirmed the presence of mentioned species in the present study.ThesisItem Open Access In Vitro and In Vivo Study on the Effect of Wheat Straw Biochar against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in Maize(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2024) JITENDER VIJAY; S. Ramesh BabuThe proposed investigation on "In Vitro and In Vivo Study on the Effect of Wheat Straw Biochar against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in Maize" was carried out at the Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during Kharif 2023. Results of the current study indicated that S. frugiperda fed on the maize plants treated with wheat straw biochar at the rate of 5, 10, 15, and 20 per cent and control showed that the mortality per centage, larval development time, pupal period of fall armyworm were more in the larvae fed with biochar treated leaves as compared to larvae fed with leaves taken from control and food consumed, larval weight, pupal weight, fecundity and adult female longevity were decreased as the biochar amendment level increased. This shows that the application of biochar has negative consequences on the developmental performance of fall armyworms. The results of field application of wheat straw biochar show that the biochar is effective in reducing the infestation of fall armyworms in maize fields. The results show that the overall mean per cent infestation in the control plot was 59.2 per cent; in the treated plot, it was 29.86 per cent, much lower than the control. The overall mean number of larvae per plant in the control plot was 1.26, and in the treated plot, it was 1.03. The Davis scale reading was also taken, and it found that the overall mean Davis score in the control plot was 3.95 and in the treated plot, it was 2.63. The overall mean plant height in the control plot was 122.41 cm and in the treated plot, it was 138.9 cm. After harvest, grain yield recorded from the control plot (37.33 q ha-1) was lower as compared to the biochar treated plot (53.33 q ha-1). Plant samples were collected from pot culture and the field, and then the silica content was analysed. In pot culture, the higher silica content was recorded in the 20 per cent (1.63%) amendment level of biochar. In the field experiment, the silica content recorded was maximum in biochar-treated plants at 40th days after germination (1.98%).ThesisItem Open Access Diversity of Fruit flies and its Management in the Horticulture Ecosystem of Udaipur District of Southern Rajasthan(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2024) AJAY TANWAR; Manoj Kumar MahlaThe present investigation entitled “Diversity of Fruit flies and its Management in the Horticulture Ecosystem of Udaipur District of Southern Rajasthan” was conducted horticulture farm and under laboratory conditions in the Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during June to September, 2023. Studies were carried out to identified and determined the species diversity of fruit flies and pheromone lure longevity was evaluated in available horticulture crops at horticulture farm, Udaipur with 8 treatments from 26th to 37th SMW. Initially all the traps were loaded with methyl eugenol lure, later the lure was changed from the traps at 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 days interval. The number of fruit fly catches were highest in T1 i.e when the lure was changed at 30 days interval followed by lure was changed at 35 days interval against the without traps i.e., T8 (Control). Three species of fruit flies viz., Bactrocera correcta, B. invadens and B. zonata were identified. B. correcta was found to be the dominant species with maximum mean density, maximum relative density and minimum Simpson index (D). The weather parameters were correlated with number of fruit fly catches and age of the lure it was found that there was positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperature. The morning relative humidity exhibited strong significant positive correlation with lure changed at 30 days interval. When lure was changed at 50, 55 and 60 days exhibited significant negative correlation with wind velocity. The other meteorological variables differed non significantly with methyl eugenol trap catches. The six different pheromone traps, including trap with no lure (control), viz., methyl eugenol trap, apple cider vinegar trap, wine bottle trap, trimedlure trap and 9 tricosine trap were evaluated in guava field for trapping of both the sexes of fruit flies. The result of the present investigation showed that the male fruit flies were captured maximum (90.02 fruit flies/ trap/week) in methyl eugenol trap. The 9 tricosine lure trap (68.08 flies/trap/week) and trimedlure (61.38 flies/trap/week) were the next effective. The least effective trap was wine bottle and apple cider vinegar trap (40.10 and 47.27 male flies/trap/week). The female fruit flies were highly attracted to the apple cidar vinegar and trimedlure trap with the fruit fly catches of 23.31 and 22.48 fruit flies/ trap/week. The wine bottle trap (5.31 female flies/trap/week) and methyl eugenol trap (5.69 female flies/trap/week) was found to be least effective. On comparing the overall pheromone trapping efficiency, methyl eugenol trap (27.96 %) was found to be effective in trapping of fruit flies. It was followed by 9 tricosine lure and trimedlure. The minimum relative efficiency was recorded in the wine bottle trap followed by apple cidar vinegar trap. The trapped catches of fruit fly had significant and negative correlation with maximum temperature while, morning relative humidity showed significant and positive correlation regardless of the evaluated all pheromones. An estimation of avoidable losses caused by fruit fly showed that the mean fruit damage on number basis was 15.34 per cent, while in unprotected plots it was 43.99 per cent. Similarly, the mean fruit damage on weight basis was 14.30 per cent in protected plots, while it was 42.04 per cent in unprotected plots. The average marketable yield of protected trees was 48.11 kg/tree while the average marketable fruit yield of unprotected trees was 27.79/tree kg. Consequently, the actual avoidable loss calculated on the basis of difference in yield from protected and unprotected plots in guava season 2023, with 42.24 per cent loss in marketable yield. The average marketable fruit yield /tree was 1.73 times higher when the plants was protected.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Sulphur and PROM on Yield and Quality of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2024) AASHISH KUMAR JHAROTIYA; K. K. YadavA field experiment entitled “Effect of Sulphur and PROM on Yield and Quality of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” conducted at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT Udaipur, during the rabi season of 2022- 23. The objective of the experiment was to select appropriate dose of sulphur and best source of phosphorus for chickpea crop to achieve higher productivity, quality and profitability, better condition of soil under IVa Zone of Rajasthan conditions. The soil of the experimental field was clay loam in texture, low in available nitrogen (275.43 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorous (17.80 kg ha-1), high in available potassium (354.17 kg ha-1) and alkaline in reaction with pH 8.13. The experiment comprising of sixteen treatment combinations of four levels of sulphur (control, 10, 20 30 kg sulphur ha-1) and four different sources of phosphorus (control, 50% RDP through PROM + 50% RDP through DAP, 75% RDP through PROM + 25% RDP through DAP and 100% RDP through PROM) was laid out in Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The results showed that maximum growth parameters (plant height at harvest, number of branches plant-1 at harvest, total and effective of root nodules at 45 DAS), yield attributes (pod plant-1, seeds pod-1 and seed index) and yield (seed, haulm and biological), nutrient (N, P and S) content in seed and haulm, nutrient (N, P, K and S) uptake by seed, haulm and total uptake by seed, quality parameters (protein content in seed and chlorophyll content in plant at 45 DAS), soil properties {available N, available sulphur, available micronutrients, microbial (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) population, dehydrogenase activity and alkaline phosphate activity} after harvest of crop, net return and B C ratio were increased significantly up to application of 20 kg sulphur ha-1. The treatments S2 (20 kg sulphur ha-1) and S3 (30 kg sulphur ha-1) were remained at par with each other. However, potassium content in seed and haulm, soil properties (pH, EC and organic carbon), available phosphorus and potassium remained unchanged with different levels of sulphur. Application of 75% RDP through PROM + 25% RDP through DAP was recorded significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes and yield (seed, haulm and biological), nutrient (N and P) content in seed and haulm, nutrient (N, P, K and S) by seed, haulm and total uptake by seed, quality parameters, net return and B C ratio over 100% RDP through PROM and control. The treatments P2 (75% RDP through PROM + 25% RDP through DAP) and P1 (50% RDP through PROM + 50% RDP through DAP) were remained at par with each other. Maximum soil properties {organic carbon, available N and P2O5, available micronutrients, microbial (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) population, dehydrogenase activity and alkaline phosphate activity} after harvest of crop were recorded with application of 100% RDP through PROM. However, potassium and sulphur content in seed and haulm, soil properties (pH and EC organic carbon), available potassium and sulphur remained unchanged with different sources of phosphorus. Interaction between application of sulphur and PROM levels were found significant with respect to seed, haulm, biological yield, nutrient uptake by seed, haulm and total by crop, net return and B C ratio. Application of 30 kg sulphur ha-1 with 50% RDP through PROM + 50% RDP through DAP recorded highest seed, haulm, biological yield, nutrient uptake by seed, haulm and total by crop, net return and B C ratio, which was remained at par with application of 30 kg sulphur ha-1 with 75% RDP through PROM + 75% RDP through DAPThesisItem Open Access Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Properties and Productivity of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) in Typic Haplustepts(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2024) SUBHASH YADAV; S.C. MeenaA field experiment entitled "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Properties and Productivity of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) in Typic Haplustepts" was conducted at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, which is located in Zone IVa (Semi-humid Southern Plain and Aravali Hills Zone) during kharif 2023. Twelve integrated nutrient management treatments were used in the experiment, with one common control being blackgram. The experiment was set up in three replications using a randomized block design. The clay loam soil at the testing site had a pH of 8.18, which is slightly alkaline. High in potassium (362.17 kg ha-1), low in accessible nitrogen (265.32 kg ha-1), and medium in phosphorus (19.50 kg ha-1). Application of 75% RDF + 25% through Vermicompost (T6) was recorded maximum, number of pods plant, number of seeds pod, test weight, seed (867 kg ha-1) yield, haulm (1615 kg ha-1) yield, biological (2481 kg ha-1) yield, protein content in seed, nutrient content viz nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content in seed & haulm and their uptake by seed, haulm & total uptake by crop followed by 75% RDF + 25% Poultry manure (T11). Maximum organic carbon, available macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus & potassium), micronutrients (iron, zine, manganese and copper), microbial population (fungi and actinomycetes population), dehydrogenase activity and alkaline phosphate activity in soil after harvest of blackgram was observed under integrated nutrient management by the application of 75% RDF + 25% through Vermicompost (T6) while highest bacterial population was found in 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB (T9). Highest net return (42572 ha-1) and B C (1.90) were found with application of 75% RDF + 25% through Vermicompost (T6).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Foliar Application of Fertilizers on Soil Properties and Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.)(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2024) SONU; D. P. SinghA field experiment entitled “Effect of Foliar Application of Fertilizers on Soil Properties and Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.)” was carried out during Kharif, 2023 at Instructional Farm (Agronomy), Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during kharif season of 2023 to find out effect of foliar application of fertilizers on productivity of maize, nutrient content and uptake by maize and on soil properties after harvesting of the crop. The experiment was conducted in clay loam soil which was low in available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising nine treatments viz., control (T1), 100% RDF (T2), 75% RDF + 2% DAP foliar spray at 30 and 50 DAS (T3), 75% RDF + 2% Urea foliar spray at 30 and 50 DAS (T4), 75% RDF + 2% WSF (19:19:19) foliar spray at 30 and 50 DAS (T5), 75% RDF + 2% DAP and 2% urea foliar spray at 30 and 50 DAS (T6), 75% RDF + 2% DAP and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T7), 75% RDF + 2% Urea and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T8), 75% RDF + 2% DAP + 2% urea and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T9) with three number of replications having total 27 plots. The results revealed that application of different fertility levels with spray of urea, DAP and WSF at 30 and 50 DAS of maize crop has significantly influenced the yield attributes, yields and also increased nutrient concentration of plant and soil samples. The maximum yield attributes viz., height of plant at harvest, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1, weight of cob, test weight and yield viz., grain, stover and biological yield was recorded with the application of 75% RDF + 2% DAP + 2% urea and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T9) which was at par with the application of 75% RDF + 2% DAP and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T7) and 75% RDF + 2% Urea and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T8). The maximum concentration of nutrients and their uptake by grain, stover and total uptake, quality parameters viz., protein content and chlorophyll content at 45 DAS was recorded under application of 75% RDF + 2% DAP + 2% urea and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T9) which was at par with the application of 75% RDF + 2% DAP and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T7) and 75% RDF + 2% Urea and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T8). The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by grain, stover as well as total by crop was recorded with the application of 75% RDF + 2% DAP + 2% urea and 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T9). Application of recommended dose of fertilizer with foliar spray of urea, DAP and WSF at 30 and 50 DAS of maize crop has significantly influenced available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and manganese status of soil after harvest of maize crop as compared to control. However, harvest index of maize, pH, EC, organic carbon, bulk density, particle density, porosity, microbial population in soil was not influenced with the application of recommended dose of fertilizer with foliar spray of urea, DAP and WSF. The maximum net return of ₹ 113201 ha-1 was gained under application of 75% RDF + 2% DAP + 2% urea + 2% WSF (19:19:19) at 30 and 50 DAS (T9) and benefit cost ratio of 3.67 was gained under application of 75% RDF + 2% DAP + 2% urea at 30 and 50 DAS (T6).ThesisItem Open Access Response of Fertilizers and Organic Manures on Soil Properties and Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.)(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) SANJAY KUMAR; K. K. YadavA field experiment entitled “Response of Fertilizers and Organic Manures on Soil Properties and Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted on clay loam soils at Instructional Farm of, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during Kharif 2023. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations comprises of four fertility levels (control, 50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF) in main plots and four levels of organics (control, biochar @ 4 t ha-1, FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and biochar @ 4 t ha-1 + FYM @ 5t ha-1 in sub plots. These 16 combinations were evaluated under Split Plot Design (SPD) with three replications during the Kharif season of 2023 where the impact of different fertility levels and organic manures application on soil properties and productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.)” were studied. The study revealed that among the different fertility levels 100% RDF significantly gave the maximum plant height, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1 and seed index. The research showed that the 100 % RDF also had a higher impact on the seed, stover and biological yield and also resulted in the higher nutrient content and uptake, highlighting its potential in supplying nutrients to maize crop. Soil properties, including organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, were significantly increased by the application 100 % RDF over control, 50% RDF and 75% RDF. Among the different fertility levels higher net returns (₹ 101583 ha-1) and B-C ratio (2.0) were also recorded under 100% RDF. Results further revealed that among the different organic levels the combined application of biochar @ 4 t ha-1 + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 significantly increased the plant height and yield attributes (number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1 and seed index) along with the maximum increase in seed, stover, biological yield, nutrient content and uptake of maize. The combined application of biochar @ 4 t ha-1 + FYM @ 5t ha-1 demonstrated the positive impact on the soil parameters including organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. However, FYM @ 5 t ha-1 resulted in higher net returns (₹ 73472 ha-1) and B-C ratio (2.91) among the different organic levels. Results also showed that there was significant interaction between 100% RDF and combined application of biochar @ 4 t ha-1 + FYM @ 5 t ha-1. The Combined application of 100% RDF and organic manures via biochar (4 t ha-1) and FYM (5 t ha-1) showed significant increment in seed yield of maize and this treatment needs to be explored further for farmer application in Aravali foothills of Udaipur for maximum productivity of maizeThesisItem Open Access Effect of Different Levels of Vermicompost and Potassium on Soil Health and Productivity of Soybean [Glycine max (L.)](MPUAT, Udaipur, 2024) PUSHPENDRA SINGH; S.C. MeenaThe present investigation entitled, “Effect of different levels of vermicompost and potassium on soil health and productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.)” carried out during kharif season, 2023 at Instructional farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Rajasthan). The field experiment was laid out in a split plot design with sixteen treatments and three replications. The main plot treatment comprises of four treatments of vermicompost viz., Control (V1), 3 t ha-1vermicompost (V2), 5 t ha-1 vermicompost (V3), 7.5 t ha-1 (V4) and the subplot treatment comprise of four treatments of potassium levels. viz., application of 0 Kg ha-1 (K1), 25 kg ha-1 (K2), 50 kg ha-1 (K3), 75 kg ha-1 (K4). The recommended dose (20:40:00 kg NPK ha-1) of fertilizers was applied as per treatment after soil test. The sowing was done by dibbling. Experimental results revealed that among different levels of vermicompost 7.5 t ha-1 shows significant effect on growth parameters, yield attributes, nutrient content and uptake, organic carbon, WHC, microbial population and quality parameters i.e., maximum plant height (56.45 cm), number of pods plant-1 (109.68), number of seeds pod-1, test weight (111.73 g), dry matter accumulation (31.69 g plant-1), seed yield (2123.40 kg ha-1), haulm yield (3690.49 kg ha-1), biological yield (5813.88 kg ha-1) and harvest index (36.52%).In soil properties significant result shown with application of 7.5 t ha-1 with maximum EC (0.23 dSm-1), organic carbon (0.49 %), WHC (39.73%) and soil available N (272.80 kg ha-1), P (29.81 kg ha-1), K (740.82 kg ha-1), S (18.85 kg ha-1) and micronutrients Zn (1.091 ppm), Fe (5.824 ppm), Cu (2.499 ppm) and Mn (4.050 ppm) and highest microbial population i.e., bacteria (66.08 × 107 cfu g-1), fungi (27.57 × 105 cfu g-1), Actinomycetes (27.87 × 106 cfu g-1) and dehydrogenase enzyme (17.72 μg TPF g-1 soil ha-1). Quality parameters also show significant results with 7.5 t ha-1 in protein and oil content i.e., 42.10% and 19.77%. The highest gross return (₹ 106189.13 ha-1) and net returns (₹ 43322.61 ha-1) found in vermicompost at the rate 7.5 t ha-1. But highest B-C ratio is observed in vermicompost at the rate 0 t ha-1(V1). Potassium levels also show significant results with 75 kg ha-1 in growth parameters, yield attributes and soil properties i.e., highest available potassium in soil (726.08 kg ha-1) and similar results with other nutrients and micronutrients. Highest nutrient content and uptake with 75 kg ha-1 in seed and haulm in all nutrients except copper. Protein and oil content also shows highest i.e., 41.10% and 19.37%. The highest gross return (₹ 92923.68 ha-1) and net returns (₹ 42344.58 ha-1) found in potassium at the rate 75 kg ha-1. But highest B-C ratio is observed in potassium at the rate 50 kg ha- 1(K3). Since best results are with vermicompost (7.5 t ha-1) and potassium (75 kg ha-1).
