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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFIC ATION OF A VIRUS CAUSING MOSAIC DISEASE IN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)(DR. YASHWANT SINGH PARMAR UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY ; SOLAN, 2015) KUMAR, BHUPESH; THAKUR, P. DThesisItem Open Access GENETIC EVALUATION OF WILD POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum L.) GERMPLASM FOR VARIOUS POMOLOGICAL TRAITS(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) MISHRA, GOPA; SHARMA, GIRISHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Genetic evaluation of wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) germplasm for various pomological traits”were carried out at the Kalaghat farm of Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y.S Parmer University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, during 2013-15. The plant material was collected from four different district of Himachal Pradesh (Sirmour, Shimla, Solan and Mandi) and planted at Kalaghat. This plant material has been flowering and fruiting for four to five years. The experiment was laid out in FRBD. Evaluation study was carried out for various growth and foliage characters, pollen viability and germinability, fruit physico-chemical characters, yield and insect pest reactions among the germplasm. Among all the genotypes studied the plant material collected from Shimla district had better vegetative growth (height, girth and spread) and maximum pollen germination percentage (66.61 %) whereas Sirmour district plants performed best in terms of fruit characters viz. weight (147.9 g), length (60.17 mm), diameter (66.00 mm), aril weight (65.68 g), peel and rag weight (88.46 g), titratable acidity (6.84 %), yield (7.6 kg) and was most resistant to fruit spot disease. Thickest rind among the germplasm was in Solan district. Pollen germination was found maximum (96.06 %) in Mandi district’s plant. Genetic variability studiesrevealed that phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. Higher heritability was recorded for all the characters except stamen number, percentage of male flower. Genetic correlation coefficient was higher than phenotypic correlation coefficient in most of the cases. Gross fruit yieldhad positive and significant association with plant height, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, aril weight, peel and rag weight, rind thickness, TSS, and total sugar. The path coefficient analysis revealed that hermaphrodite flower had maximum positive and direct effect on yield and good amount of positive and direct effect was also by intermediate flower, fruit weight and plant height.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF LEAF FRUIT RATIO AND GIRDLING ON THE FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF NECTARINE (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) cv. SILVER KING(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) ZAREA, SAYEED EHSAN; RANA, VISHAL S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of leaf fruit ratio and girdling on the fruit yield and quality of nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) cv. Silver King” was carried out in the experimental orchard of Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan (H.P.) during the year 2014. Eight years old uniform nectarine plants of cultivar Silver King, raised on wild peach seedling rootstock were selected. The plants were planted at a spacing of 2 m×3 m and trained according to open centre system. The research trial was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments viz., T1 (leaf fruit ratio 20:1), T2 (leaf fruit ratio 30:1), T3 (leaf fruit ratio 40:1), T4 (leaf fruit ratio 50:1), T5 (girdling half the bark), T6(leaf fruit ratio 20:1 + girdling half the bark), T7(leaf fruit ratio 30:1 + girdling half the bark), T8(leaf fruit ratio 40:1 + girdling half the bark), T9(leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark) and T 10 (control). The fruit yield decreased linearly with the increase in leaf fruit ratio and lowest yield was recorded with treatment T9 (leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark). The highest leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were recorded in T 9(leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark), leaf nutrients viz., N, P, K, Ca and Mg decreased with increased leaf fruit ratio alone or in combination with girding. However, the fruit quality characteristics viz., fruit size and fruit weight were recorded highest in treatment T 8 (leaf fruit ratio 40:1 + girdling half the bark). While, quality in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars and sugar acid ratio were recorded highest in treatment T 9followed by the treatment T 8 . On the other hand, the lowest acidity was recorded in T 9 (leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark) followed by T 8 (leaf fruit ratio 40:1 + girdling half the bark). All the leaf fruit ratio treatments advanced the harvest date by 1 to 4 days compared to control and earliest harvesting was recorded in treatment T9(leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark) . Thus, leaf fruit ratio 40:1 coupled with girdling half the bark followed by leaf fruit ratio 50:1 coupled with girdling half the bark were found suitable for cv. Silver King under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh (India).ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT ANALYSIS OF MID-HIMALAYAN WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: A CASE STUDY OF SM-1A MICRO-WATERSHED IN ANI TEHSIL OF KULLU DISTRICT IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) KAPIL, DEV; SHARMA, RAVINDERABSTRACT Present study analyzed the “Impact analysis of Mid-Himalayan Watershed Development Project: A case study of SM-1A micro-watershed in Ani tehsil of Kullu district in Himachal Pradesh”, A sample of 30 project beneficiaries as well as 30 nonbeneficiaries was for assessing the impact of project. Results revealed that at overall level the average family size of beneficiary farms and non-beneficiary farms were 7.80 and 8.09 persons respectively. Literacy situation revealed that nearly 87.50 per cent family members were literates and literacy index was 2.53 at overall level on beneficiary farms while in case of non-beneficiary farms the literacy rate and literacy index was 90.16 and 2.72. The average size of land holdings on marginal, small and semi medium farmers was 0.70 ha, 1.35 ha and 2.25 ha, respectively on beneficiary farmers while the average size of land holdings on marginal, small and semi medium of non-beneficiary farmers was 0.65 ha, 1.23 ha and 2.12 ha, respectively. An area under wheat, urad and kulath has decreased by 2.96, 2.56 and 1.03 per cent, whereas in case of vegetable and fruits the area has been increased by 0.02, 0.38, 0.26, 0.06, 0.06, 0.22, 0.64 and 0.14 per cent under okra, cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, chilly, ginger, onion and potato. With the intervention of project there has been decline in the area under pulses by 3.49 per cent on beneficiary as compared to non-beneficiary farms. The area under mango and apple crops has significantly increased by 1.71 and 0.86 per cent, whereas in case of almond area has been decreased by 2.56 per cent on beneficiaries as compared to non-beneficiaries. At overall level, total production on an average farm situation under beneficiary and non-beneficiary farms was found to be 7.29 and 7.14 qtls, respectively. The water harvesting and storage structures check dam (120 m 3 ) and six tanks were constructed in the micro-watershed under the project with a total expenditure of Rs. 1.76 lakh and 8.64 lakh. Land slide erosion (38 m 3 ) and crate wire structure (20 m 3 ) were also constructed with a total expenditure of Rs 45 thousands and 36 thousands in the microwatershed. The percentage change in the net returns on the basis of economic cost of cereal crops among beneficiary and nonbeneficiary farms have decreased by 15.81 and 5.00 per cent in case of beneficiaries as compared to non-beneficiaries. The increase in productivity was found to be highest in case of potato (956.69 %) followed by ginger (70.46 %), chilly (42.78 %) and tomato (32.30 %) on beneficiary farms as compared to non-beneficiary farms. The major problems coming in the way of watershed development areas were the inadequate training of the farmers about the use of watersheds, lifting of water from check dam, lack of market facilities for farm output, lack of knowledge about seed treatment, lack of outside field visits and lack of coordination among beneficiaries and problem related to kuhl irrigation system in the study area. The returns on the basis of economic cost from mango crop were found to be higher on beneficiary as compared to non-beneficiary farms whereas, in case of almond and apple crops returns were low. The percentage change in the net returns of mango crops among beneficiary and non-beneficiary farms was found to be 4.53 per cent higher in case of beneficiaries as compared to non-beneficiaries and returns from almond and apple crops have decreased by about 9.48 and 149.88 per cent, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of indigenous strains of entomopathogenic nematodes against white grub, Brahmina coriacea(Hope)(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) SHARMA, ISHA; MOHINDER, SINGHABSTRACT The investigations were conducted on “Evaluation of indigenous strains of entomopathogenic nematodes against white grub, Brahmina coriacea (Hope)”. In surveys, conducted for isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes, three nematode species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae and an unidentified species of Steinernema were isolated from 4 out of 9 localities surveyed in Solan and Sirmour districts of Himachal Pradesh. H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae were found very effective against the II and III instar grubs of B. coriacea. S. feltiae was found slightly better than H. bacteriophora against the II instar grubs with average mortality of 45.00 to 83.89 per cent at different concentrations in 30 days of exposure to nematodes against 39.44 to 82.22 per cent average mortality in H. bacteriophora at same concentrations and exposure period. The LC 50 values for S. feltiae at 10 and 15 days after treatment against the II instar grubs were 39.84 and 12.37 IJs/cm 2 , respectively, against 71.45 and 20.59 IJs/cm 2 in H. bacteriophora at same exposure. Similarly, LT 50 values for S. feltiae against II instar grubs were 11.4 days and 9.2 days at 20 and 40 IJs/cm 2 , respectively, whereas, in H. bacteriophora, the LT 50 values of 14.7 and 11.3 days were obtained at same concentrations. H. bacteriophora was proved better than S. feltiae against the III instar grubs with 100 per cent morality with this species at 160 IJs/cm 2 after 25 days of treatment against 80 per cent mortality with S. feltiae at same concentration and exposure. The LC 50 value of H. bacteriophora against III instar grub at 20 days after treatment was found to be 18.33 IJs/cm 2 against 29.26 IJs/cm 2 for S. feltiae. The LT 50 values of H. bacteriophora against III instar at 40 and 80 IJs/cm 2 were 15.8 and 9.7 days, respectively against 16.7 and 13.9 days in S. feltiae at same concentrations. The interactions of entomopathogenic fungus, B. bassiana with H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae at all inoculation combinations were found to be antagonistic. Whereas, the interaction of M. anisopliae with H. bacteriophora was found to be antagonistic initially up to 5 days of nematode application, then it turned additive and the interaction was synergistic after 30 days of treatment when the nematodes were applied 3 weeks after fungal inoculations. The interaction of M. anisopliae with S. feltiae was found to be antagonistic up to 15 days and then it turned additive. The indigenous strains of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae are highly effective against white grub, B. coriacea and can be exploited for control of this pest alone or in combination with M. anisopliae under field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PERSISTENCE OF ACEPHATE, PROFENOFOS AND TRIAZOPHOS IN OKRA(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) NEGI, SARSWATI; SHARMA, I DABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on persistence of acephate, profenofos and triazophos in okra’’ was carried out in the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during the year 2014. The objectives of the study were i) to evaluate the persistence of acephate, profenofos and triazophos in okra fruits, ii) effect of processings on residues and the accumulation of insecticides in the soil. The persistence study on okra fruits recorded initial deposits due to single dose each of acephate, methamidophos, profenofos and triazophos as 1.858, 0.048, 1.418 and 1.838 mg kg -1 , respectively. However, at double dose the deposits were 3.337, 0.068, 2.801 and 3.092 mg kg -1 for respective insecticide. The initial deposits of 0.291, 0.483 and 0.500 mg kg -1 at single dose and 0.443, 0.056, 1.003 and 1.203 mg kg -1 at double dose were observed for acephate, methamidophos, profenofos and triazophos, respectively, in okra cropped soil. Acephate, profenofos and triazophos residues persisted in okra fruits upto 7 and 10 days at single and double dose, respectively. The residues of acephate, profenofos and triazophos in fruits reduced to half in less than 2 days. The waiting periods for the studied insecticides were worked out at their limit of determination(0.05 mgkg -1 ) due to lack of MRL value in India. The safe waiting periods on okra were suggested as8.2, 7.6 and 7.4 days for acephate, profenofos and triazophos, respectively. The washing of okra fruits by tap water, saline water and lukewarm water were found effective in removing the residues upto 41.87, 50.00 and 58.13 per cent, respectively. Open pan and microwave cooking provided upto 56.20 and 63.50 per cent relief, respectively from insecticide contamination. Cooking (microwave) was found as the most effective decontamination process.ThesisItem Open Access ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF NEMATODES IN CUCUMBER UNDER PROTECTED CONDITIONS(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) HEMA; KHANNA, ANJU S.ABSTRACT The present piece of scientific investigation entitled “Ecofriendly management of nematodes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under protected conditions” was conducted to explore the possibilities of nematode management in highly susceptible cucumber crop by using environment friendly tools of management so that the use of inorganic chemicals could be minimised and confined to nursery soil only. Among the various nursery soil treatments, soil solarization and fumigation with soil disinfectants viz., dazomet, metham sodium, and formaldehyde at recommended doses were found to be highly effective and caused significantnematode mortality. These treatments did not show any hazardous effect on plants as seeds sown in soils receiving these treatments attained optimum length and their roots were healthy and without anygalling. Vermicompost application, on the other hand, was not effective and the seedlings growing in this treatment remained shorter with significant galling of roots, equivalent to that recorded in the seedlings in untreated soil (control). The healthy seedlings when transplanted in nematode infested polyhouse soil, performed better with respect to fruit yield and gall index as compared to the retarded nematode infested galled seedlings. However, heavy galling at termination in all the treatments indicated of high crop susceptibility to nematode infection that signified the need of nematode management in polyhouse soil as well. Among the organic amendments applied in nematode infested polyhouse soil, best yields and significantly reduced galling was recorded in the vines receivingneem cake application followed by mustard cake. Groundnut cake was ineffective against M. incognitaand did not enhance the yield which remained statistically similar to the quantum of produce obtained in untreated control. All the cultivars viz. Cucumis sativusvar. Maharaja,Cucumis sativus var. PCUC-15, Cucumis sativusvar. Pusa Sanyog, Cucumis sativusvar. Kheera Hybrid-1 and Cucumis sativusvar. Kian screened against M. incognita were found to be highly susceptible; Kian and Kheera Hybrid 1 being more susceptible to M incognita as compared to other three test cultivars. However,variations in the yields of various cultivars seemed to be more due to their inherent yield charactersistics and less due to variations in their susceptibility level.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIGENOUS STRAINS OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES OF H.P.(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) DHIRTA, BABITA; KHANNA, ANJU S.ABSTRACT The present piece of research entitled “Morphological identification and molecular characterization of indigenous strains of entomopathogenic nematodes of H.P.” was conducted to record the incidence and work out the systematics of indigenous populations of entomopathogenic nematodes wherein molecular characterization and relationships were worked out to support the traditional morphological taxonomic tools. EPNs occurred in lower frequency in their natural habitats and preferred the mild climate. Both the important genera of entomopathogenic nematodes viz., Steinernema and Heterorhabditis were recovered from the soils of undisturbed orchards of Bhuiraand Rajgarh located in district Sirmour and Ambarkothi in district Solan. The population of Steinernema isolated from Bhuira was identified as Steinernema indicus n. sp. on the basis of morphological characters and morphometric variations from the closely related species. RAPD profile analysis revealed that this species had 25% variations from S. feltiae, another population recorded from the nearby Rajgarh area. Steinernema population encountered from Ambarkothi was significantly different, being small in size and showed appreciable taxonomic variance from the related species of its group. Accordingly, it was designated as S. spardhai n. sp. Both the populations of Heterorhabditis recorded from Rajgarh and Ambarkothi showed close proximity with the originally described H. bacteriophora and so were designated as indigenous populations of H. bacteriophora. Body length, EP, ES, tail length, D%, E% of IJs and size of spicules and gubernaculums, per cent GS and D values and SW in males were observed as stable diagnostic characters for identification of EPNs at species level. Presence of mucro at tail tip, prominence of vulval lips and post anal swellings in females were other differentiating tools for identification of species of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. RAPD molecular markers analysis supported the variability recorded in morphological systematics of referred nematodes.ThesisItem Open Access Refinement of technology for micropropagation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. ‘Master’(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) THAKUR, KANIKA; KANWAR, KAMLESHABSTRACT The present investigation aims at “Refinement of technology for micropropagation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. ‘Master’”. Surface sterilized shoot buds cultured on control (MS + 3% sucrose + 0.8% agar-agar) supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA which showed 77.77% establishment. Best medium for multiplication was MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA producing 4.50 number of microshoots of shoot length of 2.44 cm, but as it resulted in hyperhydricity of shoots so medium supplemented with kinetin (2.0 mg/l) was used which produced 3.67 number of microshoots and 4.55 cm shoot length. Low cost medium containing 30 g/l table sugar, 50 g/l starch and aquaguard water produced 3.52 shoots with 3.01 cm shoot length. It was also observed that subculturing passage affected the average number of shoots per explant and also the shoot length which was highest in case of fifth subculturing resulting in 5.58 and 5.27 number of shoots per explant on control and low cost medium and shoot length of 4.66 cm and 3.53 cm , respectively. 62.49% rooting and 4.50 average roots per shoot with 1.61cm was found on 1/2 MS + 0.04% activated charcoal and 48.58% rooting with 3.50 average roots per shoot and 1.75 cm was observed on 1/2 MS + 50g/l starch + 0.04% activated charcoal + 15 g/l table sugar. The study has resulted in the reduction cost of the medium by substituting agar-agar and sucrose with starch and table sugar.