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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY OF FARMERS TOWARDS AGRO TOURISM IN BIR VALLEY OF KANGRA DISTRICT(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-09) SHARMA, SHUBHAM; RAINA, KRISHAN KUMARABSTRACT The two largest economic sectors in India, agriculture and tourism, have the capacity to change the nation's standing in the global economy. By combining these two significant industries, agro-tourism is a brand-new subcategory of tourism. The goal of the current study is to assess the state of the current situation, potential prospects, and challenges facing farmers involved in agro-tourism in Bir Valley, Kangra District. In the Kangra District's Bir Valley, a sample of 100 respondents was chosen. The study found that farmers' inability to effectively communicate, a lack of government backing, and tiny land holdings are the main obstacles preventing them from engaging in agro-tourism in Bir Valley. The current study made the case that farmers in Bir Valley who engage in agro-tourism would fare far better if the government gave them the appropriate training. To assist farmers in earning more money, subsidies should be offered and rules should be developed. The richness of resources found in Bir Valley can be leveraged to raise the level of living for farmersThesisItem Open Access LINKING DEMOGRAPHY AND FOOD CONSUMPTION TO PROJECT POPULATION GROWTH AND DAMAGE POTENTIAL OF Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-11) SHARMA, SHUBHAM; SHARMA, P LAbstract The present study entitled “Linking demography and food consumption to project population growth and damage potential of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)” was carried out in the Biocontrol Research Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Dr YS Parmar University and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP), during 2021-22. Spodoptera frugiperda, identified as an invasive pest worldwide, has severely threatened the agricultural production and food security in India. To formulate ecofriendly IPM strategies for S. frugiperda in its new invasive habitat, the basic knowledge about demographic parameters and damage potential of this pest is crucial. The effect of six host crops maize, popcorn, sweet corn, sorghum, soybean and pea on the development and food consumption of S. frugiperda were examined. S. frugiperda successfully completed its developments on all the tested host plants. The pre-adult development of S. frugiperda was fastest on popcorn (26.02 days), maize (28.04 days) and sweetcorn (28.31 days) but slowest on pea (36.43 days). The fecundity was highest in females reared on popcorn (1405.67 eggs/female) followed by sweetcorn (1381.11 eggs/female) and maize (1348.20 eggs/female). The highest net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were observed on maize. The feeding potential of S. frugiperda was also higher on maize. The maximum consumption of sixth larval instar was observed on maize (19470.47 mm2) and lowest on pea (8985.78 mm2). Population projection curves based on life table and consumption rates were drawn on different hosts. In the simulation period of 90 days, fastest growth of S. frugiperda was expected on maize, popcorn and sweetcorn while slowest on pea. Higher larval and pupal survival recorded on non-maize hosts (soybean and pea) reflects that FAW could be an obstacle in their production as well as in the success of maize-soybean and maize-pea intercropping system. Moreover, co-occurrence of different crops in the agro-ecosystem (sorghum and soybean) can stimulate new feeding preferences in the non-existence of main hostThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-11) SHARMA, SHUBHAM; BHARDWAJ, RAVIABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Integrated nutrient management studies in Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees.” were conducted in the experimental farm as well as laboratory of Department of Forest Products, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2021-2022. Morphological studies conducted in the experimental field and laboratory revealed that Andrographis paniculata was found to be an annual, branched and erect herb. The stem was found to be branched, quadrangular with longitudinal furrows. Leaves were opposite, decussate, lanceolate, glabrous with acute tip and entire margin. The plant had adventitious roots with length ranged for 14-20 cm. Inflorescence was axillary panicle and flowers were found to be small, white in color with purple or violet markings. The fruit was capsule, linear and oblong in shape and acute at both ends and the seeds were small, round or ovoid. Among various organic manures and fertilizers combinations treatment T2 (NPK @ 60:45:30 kg/ha) excelled over other treatments for all the growth and yield parameters i.e. plant height (46.98 cm), plant spread (30.07 cm2), number of branches per plant (19.89), number of leaves per plant (92.39), fresh stem weight per plant (20.30 g), dry stem weight per plant (12.90 g), fresh leaf weight per plant (13.87 g), dry leaf weight per plant (7.47 g), fresh above ground biomass per plant (35.29 g), dry above ground biomass per plant (20.70 g), estimated fresh above ground biomass (26.12 q/ha) and estimated dry above ground biomass (15.32 q/ha) which was followed by T7 (Vermicompost @ 3.3 t/ha + PK @ 45:30 kg/ha) and minimum values were recorded in control i.e. (T1). However, in case of interaction effect between organic manures, fertilizers and harvesting stages maximum values for estimated fresh above ground biomass (30.82 q/ha) and estimated dry above ground biomass (18.95 q/ha) were recorded in treatment combination T2H2 (NPK @ 60:45:30 kg/ha at Flowering stage). Economic analysis revealed that NPK (60:45:30 kg/ha) had the highest benefit cost ratio of 2.06 which was followed by Jeevamrit + PK (45:30 kg/ha) i.e. 1.59 and minimum was recorded in controlThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES AND NAA APPLICATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND SEED QUALITY IN FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-12) SHARMA, SHUBHAM; MANISH KUMARABSTRACT The present investigation titled, “Effect of aplanting dates and NAA application on growth, yield and seed quality in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was carried out on cv. Pus early bunching and experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (Factorial) with three replications of each treatment combinations at the Khaltoo experimental farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Rabi 2020-21. The treatments comprised of three planting dates viz. M1 (planting on 10th November), M2 (planting on 20th November) and M3 (planting on 30th November) and three NAA doses (D) i.e., D1 (10 ppm), D2 (20 ppm) and D3 (30 ppm). The observations were recorded on days to 1st leaf cut, leaf yield at first cutting (kg/plot and q/ha), seed yield (g/plot and q/ ha), plant height (cm) at peak reproductive stage, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, pod length (cm), number of pods per plant, weight of 25 pods(g), number of seeds per pod, test weight (g), number of nodules per plant after pod harvest, seed germination percentage (%), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), SVI-I and SVI-II. From the present study, it is concluded that combination M1D3 (planting on 10th November and 30 ppm NAA application) was highly significant for recording highest leaf yield at first cutting (37.33 q/ha), number of branches (8.03), highest seed yield (6.59 q/ha) and component quality traits like pod length (11.53 cm), number of seeds per pod (13.07), test weight (13.50 g), seed germination percentage (94.75 %), seedling length (22.93 cm), seedling dry weight (45.71 mg), SVI-I (2172.03) and SVI-II (4332.21) and found significantly superior over all other treatments.. Hence, combination M1D3 (planting on 10th November and 30 ppm NAA application) can be recommended for commercial production of both leaf and seed with quality in fenugreek after validation at farmers fieldThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF DOMINANT LAND USES ON SOIL QUALITY IN MANDI DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(NAUNI,UHF, 2020-11) SHARMA, SHUBHAM; BHARDWAJ, S KABSTRACT The field investigation entitled “Impact of Dominant Land Uses on Soil Quality of Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the Department of Environmental Science, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni Solan H.P. during the year 2019-2020. In order to assess the impact of land use, a survey was conducted in the region and secondary data was procured and analysed. The dominant land uses systems i.e. Forest, Cultivated land, Pasture and Scrubland were selected at two elevations viz. 651-1800 (mid hills) and 1801-2200 (high hills). Accordingly there were eight treatments which were replicated thrice under randomized block design (factorial). Representative soil samples from each selected land use of both the elevations were collected during October month. Soil samples were analysed for different physical, chemical and biological properties. In order to compare soils under different land uses of both elevations, SQI was worked out by considering 23 soil parameters into account. The dominant land uses at both the elevations exhibited significant variations in soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Soil physical parameters like BD, porosity and MWHC under dominant land uses of both the mid and high hill zone ranged from 1.22 to 1.55 g cm-3, 41.16 to 47.71% and 37.77 to 46.34%, respectively. Land use wise the order of these parameters was forest (46.88%, 45.86%) > pasture (45.68%, 44.06%) > cultivated land (44.36%, 42.96%) > scrubland (41.71%, 38.95%) except bulk density where the order was forest (1.25 g cm-3) < pasture (1.30 g cm-3) < cultivated land (1.42 g cm-3) < scrubland (1.53 g cm-3). With increase in elevation all these physical parameters increased except BD which followed reverse trend. Similarly, the soil chemical parameters like pH and EC under dominant land uses of both the mid and high hill zone ranged from 5.98 to 6.94 and 0.11 to 0.20 dS m-1, respectively. With increase in elevation both the parameters followed decreasing trend. SOC under dominant land uses of both the mid and high hill zones ranged from 7.98 to 18.05 g kg-1. Land use wise the order of this parameter was forest (15.10 g kg-1) > pasture (12.17 g kg-1) > cultivated land (10.06 g kg-1) > scrubland (8.65 g kg-1). The SOC increased with increase in elevation. Alike, the soil available N P K & S content ranged from 195.08 to 353.57 kg ha-1, 40.37 to 61.79 kg ha-1, 197.93 to 289.37 kg ha-1 and 38.54 to 52.77 kg ha-1, respectively under selected land uses of both the elevations. Land use wise the order of N P K & S distribution was forest (345.12, 276.20, & 51.88 kg ha-1) > pasture (339.94, 260.13 & 48.61 kg ha-1) > cultivated land (287.83, 246.90 & 45.42 kg ha-1) > scrubland (195.31, 201.31 & 39.31 kg ha-1) except available P where the order was cultivated land (61.15 kg ha-1) > forest (47.40 kg ha-1) > pasture (44.67 kg ha-1) > scrubland (42.16 kg ha-1). With increase in elevation all these parameters followed increasing trend. Exchangeable Ca and Mg under selected land uses of both the zones ranged from 3.06 to 4.84 cmol(p+)kg-1 and 1.09 to 1.79 cmol(p+)kg-1. Land use wise they followed the order: forest (4.67 & 1.76 cmol(p+)kg-1) > pasture (3.80 & 1.47 cmol(p+)kg-1) > cultivated land (3.63 & 1.40 cmol(p+)kg-1) > scrubland (3.12 & 1.10 cmol(p+)kg-1). Both of these parameters increased with elevation. Heavy metals like Cu, Fe, Mn & Zn concentrations in soil under dominant land uses of both the elevations ranged from 0.32 to 0.86 mg kg-1, 4.79 to 16.97 mg kg-1, 1.14 to 5.08 mg kg-1 and 2.09 to 4.38, respectively. Land use wise these trace elements followed the order: forest (0.82, 16.69, 4.85 & 4.28 mg kg-1) > pasture (0.75, 14.23, 4.07 & 3.79 mg kg-1) > cultivated land (0.66, 11.06, 3.37& 2.85 mg kg-1) > scrubland (0.33, 5.61, 1.20 & 2.24 mg kg-1). With increase in elevation all these parameters increases. Heavy metals like Cd, Cr & Pb concentration in soil under dominant land uses of both the elevations ranged from 0.002 to 0.011 mg kg-1, 0.005 to 0.033 mg kg-1 and 0.02 to 0.09 mg kg-1, respectively. The effect of elevation on Cd, Cr and Pb concentration was not significant. Soil biological parameters like viable bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes counts under dominant land uses of both the elevations ranged from 139.32 to 310.30×106cfu g1 , 2.98 to 6.07×103cfu g-1 and 4.29 to 13.80×103cfu g-1, respectively. Land use wise they followed the order: forest (302.77×106cfu g-1, 5.81 & 12.80×103cfu g-1) > pasture (291.52×106cfu g-1, 4.77 & 10.69×103cfu g-1) > cultivated land (252.39×106cfu g-1, 4.18 & 8.50×103cfu g-1) > scrubland (129.07×106cfu g-1, 3.07 & 4.64×103cfu g-1). With increase in elevation fungal and actinomycetes counts increased; whereas, bacterial counts decreased. Land use wise SQI ranged from 0.39 to 0.65 i.e. low to medium category. In both mid hills and high hills SQI followed the order forest (0.57 & 0.65) > pasture (0.52 & 0.56) > cultivated land (0.45 & 0.48) > scrubland (0.39-0.40). The study inferred that dominant land uses in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh has impacted soil quality at both mid and high hills as indicated by SQI which varied from low to medium category. Hence, there is urgent need to manage the dominant land uses by enhancing their capacity, so that they can perform their functions within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries on sustainable basis.ThesisItem Open Access REFINEMENT IN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-09) SHARMA, SHUBHAM; GUPTA, DHARMESHABSTRACT The present investigations entitled "Refinement in cultivation technology of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach" were conducted in the Mushroom Production Unit of the Department of Plant Pathology during year 2016-2017. The treatment with 6’’ loose compost took the minimum number of days for spawn run (11.33). Maximum yield (21.23 kg/100 kg compost) was obtained from 18” compost depth. Maximum yield (18.98 kg/100 kg compost) was obtained from the treatment with 20 holes per compost bag. Out of all casing mixtures, spawned casing was found to be the best casing mixture. Maximum sporophores (1695.67), minimum number of days for first harvest post-casing (13.67) and highest yield (17.21 kg/100 kg compost) was obtained from spawned casing. The soil pH of different casing mixtures decreased while the electrical conductivity (EC) increased during the crop cycle of A.bisporus. Porosity of different casing mixtures during the crop cycle of A.bisporus remained unchanged. The minimum number of days (12) for pinning post-casing was taken by casing soil sterilized with Hydrogen Peroxide (3%). The casing soil sterilized with Nano Silver Hydrogen Peroxide (0.5 %), an eco friendly chemical gave the highest yield (25.52 kg/100 kg compost) and highest average fruit body weight (14.50g). Highest yield (27.03 kg/100 kg compost) was obtained in casing soil treatment with CaCl2 (0.2 %) + Carbendazim (0.1 %). The minimum number of days for first harvest post-casing (15.86) was taken by the bags reversed after first flush and the highest yield was obtained from the reversed bag after second flush (24.62 kg/100 kg compost).