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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDISATION OF NURSERY TECHNIQUES FOR BETTER OUTPLANTING PERFORMANCE IN AONLA (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) NEGI, RAVEENA; SHAMET, G.S.The present investigation entitled “Standardisation of nursery techniques for better outplanting performance in aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)” was undertaken in the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr.Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan- 173230 (HP) during 2013-2014. The study involved two nursery experiments and one outplanting experiment, each laid out in randomized block design (factorial), replicated thrice, to standardize best growing medium and container type and to determine best shoot and root pruning levels to compare the transplanting performance in the nursery. During the present investigation, it has been revealed that seedlings raised in polybag of size 9”x4.5” with eight side + eight bottom perforations and use of growing medium consisting of soil + sand + mushroom compost in ratio of 1:1:2 recorded significantly highest germination (76.00%), growth and biomass production in the seedlings. Furthermore, the seedlings raised in this way resulted in superior outplanting survival (93.33%), final height (63.13cm) and collar diameter (7.62mm) growth in the field. Similarly, the use of shoot pruning at 10cm and root pruning at 13cm level during the month of August resulted in significantly highest transplanting survival(83.33%), growth and biomass production in the plants at the end of eighth month and therefore proved to be the best treatment for raising quality planting stock in the species.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BIOFERTILIZERS AND PLANTING DENSITIES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF Spilanthes acmella MURR. UNDER Morus BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) JAMIR, P. IMTINUKSHI; THAKUR, C.L.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled "Effect of different biofertilizers and planting densities on the growth and yield of Spilanthes acmella Murr. under Morus based agroforestry system" was carried out at the experimental field of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2015. The study was undertaken with the objectives (a) to study the effect of different types of biofertilizers on the growth and yield of Spilanthes acmella and (b) to study the growth of Spilanthes acmella under different planting densities. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design comprising of Morus alba as tree component planted at a spacing of 9 m x 3 m and open field condition, under which akarkara plants treated with 5 different biofertilizer combinations viz. T1 (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria + FYM), T2 (Azotobacter + Phosphate solubelizing bacteria + FYM), T3 (Azotobacter + Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza + FYM), T4 (Azospirillum + Phosphate solubelizing bacteria + FYM), T5 (Azospirillum + Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza + FYM ) and T6 (RDF + FYM) as control were grown. A sub-treatment of three different planting densities S1 (30 cm x 40 cm), S2 (30 cm x 30 cm) and S3 (30 cm x 20 cm) were incorporated for each of the biofertilizer treatments. The plot size was 2 m x 1 m. The observations were recorded on multiple growth and yield parameters of akarkara and soil chemical properties. All biofertilizer treatments had no significant influence on the growth and yield attributes of akarkara. Planting condtions, however, did significantly affect all the growth and yield attributes of akarkara where plants under sole cropping showed better results as compared to tree associated plants. Planting density also significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes where plants S2 and S3 performed better as compared to S1. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that akarkara performed better under sole cropping conditions and the biofertilizers selected for the study had no significant effect on the growth and yield of the plant. Furthermore, standardization of planting density requires further studies particularly for agroforestry systems.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, OIL CONTENT AND QUALITY PARAMETER OF Jatropha curcas FROM NORTH-WEST INDIA(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) KASHYAP, SHAMMI; PANT, K.S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on morphological traits, oil content and quality parameter of Jatropha curcas from Northwest India.” was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during the year 2013-14. Multistage Random Sampling Technique was used to select the trees of Jatropha curcas. Four states viz. Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Uttrakhand were selected and finally three seed sources were selected from each state for observation. Five trees of Jatropha curcas, approximately of the same age, were randomly selected on the basis of their phenotypic/morphological features. These trees were tagged and marked for the collection of fruits/capsules. From the selected and marked trees, fresh and mature fruits were harvested from July – November 2013. The fresh fruits were collected manually and packed in gunny bags and brought to University campus in the departmental laboratory for detail studies and analysis. The fruits so collected and seeds extracted from such fruits of each seed source were kept separately with proper identify of site concern. Morphological traits are important indicators of fruit yield, recorded higher value in Bilaspur seed source under natural conditions.The maximum seed length (1.82 cm) was recorded in Ludhiana seed source, the maximum seed width (1.20 cm) was recorded in Kangra seed source, 100 seed weight (64.31g) was recorded in Bilaspur seed source and 100 seed kernel weight (41.14g) was recorded in Pantnagar seed source. On seed kernel basis, Ludhiana seed source recorded higher oil content. Whereas on the other hand Pantnagar seed source yielded higher oil content on seed weight basis. Both seed traits and quality parameters significantly correlated with each other.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON NUTRIENT STATUS AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF IMPORTANT MPTs OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) CHAMBIAL, ALKA; PANT, K.S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on nutrient status and carbon sequestration potential of important MPTs of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the experimental farm of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr.Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), during 2013-2014, with the objective to study the effect of MPTs on soil properties and nutrients, Carbon sequestration potential of different MPTs and leaf litter accumulation and decomposition rate of different MPTs . Experiment was laid out in RBD design with two soil depths (0 - 15cm and 15-30cm). Seven multipurpose tree species namely Acacia catechu, Melia azedarach, Grewia optiva, Celtis australis, Acer oblongum, Bauhinia variegata, Morus alba and Control which was open plot, devoid any vegetation were selected for the study. The present study revealed that the nutrient contents were found higher at surface layer (0-15cm) which decrease with increase in soil depth. Among the different multipurpose tree species Bauhinia variegata registered significantly higher amount of organic carbon (2.36 %), available nitrogen (373 kg ha-1), available potassium (348.2 kg ha-1), microbial biomass (1.9 μg g-1) and Soil carbon pool inventory (39.22 Mg ha-1) at surface depth. Available potassium varied significantly under all tree species and found maximum under Acacia catechu (38.71 kg ha-1). Irrespective of soil depths, electrical conductivity was found high under Acer oblongum (0.37 dS m-1). A general perusal of data shows that higher nutrient content under multipurpose tree species as compared to open plot which was devoid of any vegetation. Total biomass carbon stock and carbon sequestration potential of these species were evaluated, and was found maximum under Acer oblongum (462.93 kg tree-1 and 22.04 kg annum-1). The decomposition rate of the same species at the end of incubation period (four months) was in the order of Grewia optiva> Celtis australis> Morus alba> Acer oblongum > Melia azedarach> Acacia catechu> Bauhinia variegata. The results clearly indicated the positive effect of soil moisture on rate of decomposition of different MPTs.ThesisItem Open Access FIRE EFFECTS ON GROUND FLORA OF VEGETATION COMMUNITIES IN SOLAN (H.P.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) PRENIL, K.C.; GUPTA, B.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Fire effects on ground flora of vegetation communities in Solan (H.P.)” was carried out in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh, India during the year 2011-12 with the aim to assess effects of fire on floristic composition, phytosociology, biomass, carbon stock of forests/grasslands and physico-chemical properties of soil. Two forests viz., Acacia and Quercus forests were selected for study and compared with grasslands adjacent to them. Structural and functional parameters of trees, shrubs, monthly herbaceous vegetation and physico-chemical properties of soil in each burnt and unburnt forests and grasslands were also studied. The floral spectrum of vegetation in Acacia and Quercus forests and, their adjoining grasslands was represented by 29 plant families consisting of trees, shrubs and herbs with 66 genera and 70 species (19 grasses, 2 sedges, 3 legumes, 26 forbs, 17 shrubs and 3 species of trees). Peak density, basal area and total biomass of herbage reached in September and declined thereafter. In all the sites, combined contribution of forbs, legumes and sedges to the phytosociological attributes and biomass of herbage was less than 5% and their order as: grasses > forbs > legumes > sedges. Fire increased the density, basal area and biomass of herbs but decreased them in shrubs in Acacia and Quercus forests and, their adjoining grasslands. Fire increased the biomass of herbage in grasslands and forests but this increase was more in Quercus forest as compared to Acacia forest and grasslands. Total carbon stock (herbs + shrubs + trees + soil) was higher under unburnt plots of Acacia forests and grasslands but in burnt Quercus forest recorded higher total carbon stock as compared to unburnt Quercus forest. High soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and, low soil bulk density and organic carbon was recorded in burnt sites.ThesisItem Open Access PHYTOSOCIOLOGY AND REGENERATION STUDIES OF Rhododendron campanulatum D.Don IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) KATOCH, ROVITA; SHAMET, G.S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled "Phytosociology and regeneration studies of Rhododendron campanulatum D.Don in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the distribution zone of the species in Kullu Forest Circle and the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr YSP UHF, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2012-14. The phytosociological study indicated that Rhododendron campanulatum was the dominant species with maximum IVI value of 130.92 and 136.89 respectively in the selected Rhala and Jalori-pass rhododendron bearing forest. Similarly, maximum density ha-1 was found for Rhododendron campanulatum with value of 288.89 and 270.37 respectively in Rhala and Jalori-pass bearing forest. The regeneration study conducted to know the status of natural regeneration indicated maximum regeneration success of 56.00 per cent and 29.33 per cent respectively for Rhododendron campanulatum in Rhala and Jalori-pass bearing forest. The study on the effect of seed treatments, container type and seed storage on germinability attributes of Rhododendron campanulatum indicated the significantly maximum germination 82.67 per cent and germination energy 58.67 per cent when seeds kept in cloth bags for 45 days were given a cold water soak of 24 hr at 2-3oC (T2C1S1) under laboratory condition. However, the significantly maximum germination value (10.74) and germination index (3.13) was observed in T2C3S1 (cold water soak for 24 hr at 2-3oC x glass jar x 45 days) and T1C3S1 (control x glass jar x 45 days) combinations respectively. The effect of stratification period and stratification temperature on germination behaviour of Rhododendron campanulatum proved that the significantly maximum germination 78.67 per cent, germination value (8.19) and germination index (2.51) resulted when seeds were stratified for three weeks at room temperature (W2T1).ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of carbon pool in relation to forest types, altitudinal gradient and NDVI indices under different forest ecosystems in subtropical parts of Himachal Pradesh”(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) BANBAY, MUNEESH; BHARADWAJ, D.R.ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Assessment of carbon poolin relation to forest types, altitudinal gradient and NDVI indices under different forest ecosystems in subtropical parts of Himachal Pradesh” were carried out through two different experiments in different forest types and in different NDVIs along different altitudinal gradient in subtropical conditions of Himachal Pradesh viz., Hamirpur, Bilaspur, Solan and Sirmaur district during 2013-2014. The present investigations were conducted to assess the carbon density under subtropical ecosystem of HP in different forest types and NDVIs along different altitudinal gradient. For conducting the experiment, different forest types: chir pine plantation, dry shiwalik sal forests, northern mixed dry deciduous forests, lower shiwalik pine forests and upper Himalayan chir forests and altitudinal ranges: 600-900, 900-1200, 1200-1500 m a.s.l and NDVIs: 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-0.5 were considered as treatments. The results of the experiments in the subtropical ecosystems of HP have revealed that the maximum vegetation carbon (170.73 t C ha -1 ) was accumulated in dry shiwalik sal forests; whereas maximum carbon density in various NDVIs along different altitudinal rangesis accumulated in N 4(153.12 t C ha -1 ) NDVI and A3(164.13 t C ha -1 ), respectively. Vegetation carbon density in different forest types followed the order: dry shiwalik sal> Himalayan chir > chir plantation > lower shiwalik pine > northern mixed dry deciduous forests. Whereas the trend in relationto altitudinal range and NDVI was: A3> A 1> A 2and N4> N 1> N 2> N 5> N 3, in decreasing order respectively. Maximum total soil carbon density (72.49 t C ha -1 ) was accumulated in Northern mixed dry deciduous forests followed by Himalayan chir forests > lower shiwalik pine forests > chir pine plantation > dry shiwalik sal forest, in decreasing order respectively. In relation to NDVIs and altitudinal ranges, total soil carbon density followed an increasing trend with increase in altitude and NDVI value. In subtropical ecosystems of HP, maximum quantity of detritus carbon was recorded in chir pine plantation; whereas in different NDVIs along different altitudinal ranges it was maximum in A3 altitude and N5 NDVI value. Maximum carbon storage in subtropical Himalayan ecosystem, which is a sum of vegetation + soil + detritus carbon pool, was recorded in dry shiwalik sal forest (209.95 t C ha -1 ) followed by Himalayan chir > chir pine plantation> lower shiwalik pine > northern mixed dry deciduous forests. In case of various NDVIs along different altitudinal ranges, the trend followed was N 4 > N 1 > N 2 > N 5 > N 3 and A 3 > A 1 > A 2 in decreasing order respectively. Soil physic-chem ical analysis revealed that there is a significant variation due to forest types, altitudes and NDVIs for soil organic carbn, bulk density, soil nutrients, pH and EC. Higher values of organic carbon and most soil nutrients were recorded for northern mixed dry deciduous forests. Soil nutrients and organic carbon increased with increase in altitude and NDVI; whereas bulk density, pH and EC decreased with increase in altitude and NDVI. All the soil nutrients, organic carbon, and EC decreased with soil layer depth but bulk density and pH increased with the soil layer depth. The correlation studies revealed that in various forest types, the vegetation carbon density was positively correlated with average DBH,average height, top height and herb biomass but negatively correlated with shrub biomass, diversity parameters and soil carbon density. It was also found that NDVI was positively correlated with diversity parameters and shrub biomass and soil carbon density but non-significantly correlated (negative) with tree biomass and vegetation carbon density.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRIENT OPTIMIZATION FOR GROWTH AND YIELD OF SILYBUM MARIANUM UNDER PEACH BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) CHOPHI, KIKAVI; BHARDWAJ, D.R.ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Nutrient optimization for growth and yield of Silybum marianum under peach based agroforestry system” was carried out at the experimental field of Department of Silviculture & Agroforestry,Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H. P.) during 2013-2014. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (factorial) comprising of peach var. nectarinaplanted at a distance of 9 m x 4 m and open field condition, under which milk thistle cropwas grown with five integrated fertilizer doses viz., T 1 (RDF), T2 (75% RDF + 25% VC), T3 (50% RDF + 50% VC), T4(25% RDF + 75% VC) and T 5 (100% VC). The plot size was 4 m x 2 m and spacingof 60 cm x 60 cm was maintained for milk thistle. The findings indicate that the effect of different fertilizer doses on growth and yield parameters viz., plant height (cm), leaves per plant, branches per plant, thistles per plant, LAI, root-shoot ratio, total biomass production (q ha -1 ) , yield (q ha -1 ) of milk thistle was significant. The peach trees had a positive effect on growth and yield performance of Silybum marianum and were found healthier and more thriving underneath peach than in sole cropping system. Among the different doses of fertilizers tried, T3 (50% Recommended dose + 50%Vermicompost) was found to be most efficient. The use of chemical fertilizers + organic manures has been found to be more efficient than inorganic as well as organic fertilizers alone. Different doses of chemical fertilizers and organicmanures are found to have influence on soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available N, P and K in thesurface soils. Soil chemical parameters viz., OC, available N, available P, available K showed maximum value in treatment T 3 (50% RDF + 50% VC). However, pH and EC was reported maximum intreatments T4(25% RDF + 75% VC) and T 1(RDF) respectively. Based on the economic returns, it was found that T1(Recommended doses of fertilizer) gives more profit in terms of monetary value since the inorganic fertilizers are cheaper as compared to organic fertilizers. But on contrary, the use of organic fertilizers improves the soil physico-chemical properties. Hence, from the present investigation it can be concluded that milk thistle can be successfully grown under peach based agroforestry system.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF STAND CHARACTERISTICS OF QUERCUS LEUCOTRICHOPHORA A. CAMUS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORESTS(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) JAMOH, NEYI; GUPTA, N.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Study of stand characteristics of Quercus leucotrichophoraA. Camus in different types of forests” was carried out in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh during the year 2012-13 with the aim to assess the growth and standing volume, vegetational pattern and regeneration status of Ban oak. Five different forest associations wereselected viz., pure Ban oak, Ban oak + Chir, Ban oak +Deodar; Ban oak + other broadleaved species and Ban oak + grassland. For assessing the growth and standing volume of Ban oak 4 plots of 0.1 hectare were randomly laid in all the associations. For vegetational pattern studies, in every forest association, 12 quadrates of 10m × 10m (100 sq m) size were randomly laid to study tree species. The tree species included all the saplings, poles and trees present in the study area. The shrubs were studied by laying 12 sub-quadrates of 5m × 5m (25 sq m) size randomly in each forest association. For regeneration studies observations were made on 28 recording units (quadrate) of 2m × 2m (4 sq m) size. The total standing volume for Banoak among all the associations was found to be highest in pure Ban oak forest (159.23 mha-1), followed by Ban oak +other broadleaved species (49.79 m3 ha-1), Ban + Chir (48.78 m3ha -1 ) and Ban + Deodar (38.87 m 3 ha -1 ). The least total standing volume of 2.05 m 3 ha -1 for Ban oak was recorded in Ban + grassland association. The average number of Ban oak trees ha -1 was in the order of association I (330.00) > association II (230.00) > association IV (190.00) > association III (187.50) > association V (32.5). Similarly, total basal area was maximum in association I (25.80 m 2 ha -1 ) followed by association II (9.50), association III (8.85) and association IV (8.17). The least basal area of 0.56 m 2 ha -1 was found in association V. In pure Ban oak forest the vegetation was comprisedof 14.44 % trees and 85.56% shrubs, whereas in Ban oak + Chir, 23.90% and 32.35%, was contributed by trees and shrubs respectively. In Ban + Deodar association, the vegetation was contributed as: 76.60% by trees and 23.40% by shrubs, whereas, in Ban + other broad leaved species, 20.50 % and 79.50% vegetation was contributedby trees and shrubs respectively. In Ban + grassland, the vegetation was contributed as: 48.39% by trees and 51.61% by shrubs. High density of shrubs was recorded in association I (5466.67 ind.ha -1 ) followed by association II (3900 ind. ha -1 ), association III (3300 ind .ha -1 ), association IV (3200 ind. ha -1 ) and association V (475 ind.ha -1 ). Overall per cent regeneration success was: Ban +Deodar (79.46) > Pure Ban (70.54) > Ban + Chir (50.89) > Ban + other broad leaved species (40.18) > Ban + grassland (25).